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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
An Expert-Performance Approach to the Study of the Development of Understanding during Complex Learning: Capturing the Development of Understanding of the 8-Puzzle and Its Mechanism
The question of "what is better understanding during complex learning" has intrigued researchers in different fields of psychology and education for decades. However, it has been difficult to study and monitor the development of...
The growing prevalence of computers, tablets, and educational apps in academic settings has prompted many researchers to investigate the potential benefits and drawbacks of this technology. One of the ways that this technology can...
Previous research has shown that holding, or placing one’s hands near, an object can alter visual processing of that object in a variety of ways, including enhancing the detection of change, reducing the effect of distraction, and...
Repeated experiences are a cornerstone of learning and memory, but to what extent does the benefit of repetition depend upon noticing it? A rich literature exists examining the impact that an original learning experience has on a current...
People recall and recognize animate words better than inanimate words, possibly because memory systems were shaped by evolution to prioritize memory for predators, people, and food sources. However, the proximal cause of this animacy...
Simulator sickness is a common occurrence when humans navigate virtual environments; some proportion of the population will experience nausea, disorientation, headache, and a number of other negative symptoms during and after an...
Perceiving our world is an active process. We actively explore and investigate the environment rather than passively registering the objects and events we encounter. Our perception and attention reflect our moods, expectations, and...
The effects of gender and parenthood on perceptions of warmth and competence were investigated in this study. When women become working mothers, their perceptions of warmth increase, but at the cost of reduced perceived competence, ...
Evidence collected over the past decade suggests that action video game training can improve a variety of perceptual and cognitive abilities including those that decline most with age. Unfortunately, previous work has found that older...
Embodied theories of language comprehension suggest that sentence comprehension involves a perceptual simulation of the objects, agents, and event described within the sentence using the same perception and action systems we use when we...
The Incremental Validity of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Function Scale and Cognitive Tests of Executive Function on ADHD Symptoms and Impairments in College Students
Executive Function (EF) is defined as “self-directed actions so as to choose goals and to select, enact, and sustain actions across time towards those goals” (Barkley, 2012; p. 170). These “self-directed actions” can take the form of...
This research investigated freshman college students' motivation beliefs and motivation regulation strategies (to manage their effort and persistence) in the context of an authentic college-level academic task such as studying for an...
Problem solving skills have been widely used to achieve desired outcomes in everyday life and professional contexts. To solve a complex problem in a real situation, people need to improve causal reasoning and systems thinking. Causal...
Drawing from the decision-making literature, the framing and cross-modal discounting paradigms were used to investigate the effect of age on the subjective valuation of technology. Using the framing paradigm to covertly measure age...
Many classical studies examining sex differences in visuospatial abilities have shown a male advantage in measures of skills like mental rotation and spatial navigation. However, a number of investigations of strategy selection...
Structural priming is often proposed to be the result of implicit learning in the language processing system. This study was an attempt to reveal explicit memory contributions to structural priming. Participants were asked to complete a...
Two experiments were conducted to determine the role of gender stereotyping in individual spoken words. There were similar results for a phoneme monitoring (Experiment 1) and lexical decision (Experiment 2) task, with overall faster...
The purpose of this study was to explore adaptation through the manipulation of perceived task difficulty and self-efficacy to challenge the concepts postulated by the two-perception probabilistic concept of the adaptation phenomenon ...
In this study, I examined group differences in performance between video game players (VGPs) and non-video game players (NVGPs) on the complex learning task "Space Fortress". The primary goal of this investigation was to identify...
Extensive evidence shows that listeners use global knowledge to generate predictions of upcoming sentences themes; however, there is less investigation on how local context that semantically conflicts with long-standing global knowledge...
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles (AV) are rapidly evolving and being introduced to drivers. The usage of these systems stands to provide innumerable safety and convenience benefits to people of all ages....
The number of crash-related fatalities in the United States climbed to over 35 thousand from 2014 to 2015, representing a 7.2% increase, and ending a 50-year trend of decline in this rate (NHTSA, 2016). The ability to drive safely...
Many studies support the view that visual attention is captured by salient or unique objects, whether we intend to pay attention to these objects or not. While it has been proposed that capture is automatic and driven purely by...
The goal of the study was to examine the impact of executive function on solving intermixed problems that require different solution strategies. 138 participants completed an arithmetic choice task where participants choose the correct...
Previous studies have found interactions between the meaning of a word and the spatial position of the word (Barsalou, 2008; Zwaan and Yaxley, 2003). Some studies find that words or sentences with a directional component facilitate...
Findings in research studies indicate that children's language development greatly benefits from characteristics of conversational input from adults such as parents and teachers. With the use of live observations this study was designed...
Many researchers have attempted to replicate different embodied language processing effects, with varying degrees of success. We wanted to know what, if any, individual differences might account for the observed variance for these...
Finger gnosis, the ability to mentally represent one’s fingers, has been shown to predict mathematical ability in children. More recently, researchers have shown that this relation holds for college students as well. In the current study...
Trash talk, a behavior mostly seen during athletic competitions, is defined as disparaging, taunting, or boastful comments especially between opponents to intimidate each other. To look at what determinants cause a behavior to be...
Visually sparse and abstract laboratory paradigms are often used to study visual attention and attention capture. Do the factors found to influence the allocation of attention in these studies also predict distraction in more complex...
The Relationship between Completed High School and College Courses and Gains in Standardized Test Performance from the Perspective of the Expert Performance Approach
There are several parallels between the acquisition of expert performance and the learning by students in high school and college courses. High school and college course experience includes prolonged, intensive practice on learning...
Engaging in post-encoding wakeful rest has been shown to lead to better retention of encoded information versus engaging in a post-encoding task. Brain imaging studies have shown that there is reactivation during post-encoding rest of...
Individual Affect-Related Performance Zones (IAPZs) have been commonly estimated using a two-dimensional affect measures (arousal by pleasantness) as predictors of a unidimensional performance measure. Performance measures have been self...
The percentage of seniors in the western world that use computers and mobile devices has increased dramatically in the last decades, however this number is still considerably lower than that of younger adults. To further explain this...
Individuals tend to exhibit implicit, cognitive associations between numbers and space. Small numbers become associated with the left side of their bodies and large numbers with the right side of their bodies. This "spatial-numerical...
The performance of many important everyday tasks requires the proper allocation of attention to task-relevant information, yet often attention can be captured by distracting irrelevant information. Several search paradigms have been...
Externalizing, a factor related to a deficit in impulse control, has been widely associated with reductions in the amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) component. Recently, time-frequency (TF) signal processing approaches...
Significant disparities in healthcare among African-Americans are still prevalent in the U.S. with black patients having a higher incidence of common chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer and strokes), die at a higher rate, and lose...
Engaging in a period of rest following encoding has been shown to lead to better retention on a subsequent recall test than performing an inter-test task. Brain imaging studies have shown that there is reactivation during post-encoding...
Interference between similar events is known to be a major mechanism of forgetting. As such, it is important for us to understand how to reduce interference effects. While early research suggested that differentiation of the two sources...
We explored how memory for previously produced sentences affects the likelihood of participants repeating syntactic structures on subsequent statements (a phenomenon known as structural priming). Memory for previously produced sentences...
As distance learning becomes increasingly prevalent in higher education in the 21st century, students and educators alike face new challenges to achieving key learning objectives, such as the attainment of critical thinking skills....
This study explored the application of verbal reports upon a single participant during training on a complex video game titled Space Fortress (Donchin, 1989). Transfer of training was assessed with variations to the game as well as a...
Alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) have been implicated in sensory processing and the inhibition/filtering of irrelevant sensory input. Meanwhile, aberrations in sensory filtering have been associated with a number of conditions, including...
Unlike mathematical ability, mathematical language consists of terminology that is necessary to understand and participate in mathematical tasks. More recently, research indicates that mathematical language is vital for mathematic...
Embodied cognition, which stresses the intertwined nature of the perceptual-motor system and cognitive processes (Willems & Francken, 2012), has been a prominent area of focus in replication failures and the broader discussion of the...
Surprisingly little research has examined the phenomenon of being reminded, or having a prior experience come to mind during a current, related experience. Remindings are a regular occurrence in daily life and they can be beneficial for...
One active area of psycholinguistics research seeks to determine whether language acquisition occurs through domain-specific processes or domain-general processes. In other words, are the cognitive resources dedicated to language...
Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
