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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
The current fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) differentiates individuals with conduct disorder according to the presence vs. absence of “limited...
Mathematical thinking is in high demand in the global market, but compared to their international peers, U.S. school children fail to meet math performance benchmarks. This is especially problematic, given that early math skills predict...
People recall and recognize animate words better than inanimate words, possibly because memory systems were shaped by evolution to prioritize memory for predators, people, and food sources. However, the proximal cause of this animacy...
Social contagion concerns, which are defined as heterosexuals’ fears about being misidentified as gay/lesbian, can lead to avoidant and hostile responses toward gay men/lesbians. I argue that fear of becoming the target of sexual...
Background. Considerable research has demonstrated the link between early life adversity (ELA) and the development of significant health problems in adulthood (Felitti et al., 1998; Gilbert et al., 2015). Regarding the specific...
Across three studies, we demonstrate that attitudes toward gay men and lesbians are best conceptualized as two components – moral judgments and prejudiced attitudes. Whereas moral judgments concern the rightness or wrongness of gay...
The Eating Disorder Inventory provides a theoretically informed multidimensional assessment of eating disorder symptoms and associated psychological factors, including Perfectionism, Maturity Fears, and Interpersonal Distrust. Research...
Many classical studies examining sex differences in visuospatial abilities have shown a male advantage in measures of skills like mental rotation and spatial navigation. However, a number of investigations of strategy selection...
Empathy is conceptualized a multi-dimensional construct that underlies aspects of prosocial human behavior (Davis, 1980). Historic conceptualizations of psychopathy posit that the characteristic callous disregard for others associated...
Parental concern for children's weight plays an influential role in family dietary patterns, yet little is known about factors that predict this concern. The present study utilized data from a longitudinal cohort study on health and...
Digit span backward (DSB) is conventionally reified as a measure of working memory and is a commonly used measure in clinical research and practice. Extant literature in cognitive psychology has called into question its merit as a...
The present study is divided into a pilot study, called Study 1, and a more comprehensive study, called Study 2. The present study aims to investigate whether suicide acceptability—one's view of the acceptability of suicidal behaviors—is...
Each year in the United States, over 44, 000 individuals die by suicide, and approximately half of these deaths occur from intentional, self-inflicted gunshot wounds. A crucial component of the clinical management of suicide risk is to...
Finger gnosis, the ability to mentally represent one’s fingers, has been shown to predict mathematical ability in children. More recently, researchers have shown that this relation holds for college students as well. In the current study...
A person’s physical position relative to others is a scarcely investigated, yet potentially very powerful, variable that regulates social perception. This research suggests that people strategically position themselves either higher or...
Impulsivity is often implicated as a factor that facilitates the transition from suicidal thoughts to behaviors; however, findings to date are mixed as to whether this effect is direct or indirect through an increased acquired capability...
The Relationship between Completed High School and College Courses and Gains in Standardized Test Performance from the Perspective of the Expert Performance Approach
There are several parallels between the acquisition of expert performance and the learning by students in high school and college courses. High school and college course experience includes prolonged, intensive practice on learning...
Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterized by an inability to discard possessions that contributes to clutter that interferes with the use of one’s home. One of the core features of HD is an emotional attachment to possessions. Initial...
Males die by suicide 3.6 times more frequently than females (Kochanek et al., 2016), but attempt suicide less frequently than females (Canetto & Sakinofsky, 1998). Few theoretical models have been proffered for understanding sex...
Past research indicates that imagining contact with an outgroup member can reduce prejudice toward that outgroup (Miles & Crisp, 2014). However, for people with few experiences with outgroup members, such as gay men and lesbians who are...
Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) engage in ‘safety behaviors’ (SBs) aimed at checking, hiding, fixing, and reducing threat associated with their perceived flaw. SBs are thought to maintain symptoms and may play a causal...
Substance use is an individual and societal burden. Although many people experiment with substances, only a small proportion ever becomes addicted. Several theories have postulated how and why individuals become addicted to substances;...
Bioecological theory suggests that development, including reading development, occurs through interactions between individuals and proximal environmental contexts (Bronfenbrenner & Ceci, 2004), though neighborhood characteristics are...
Anxiety disorders occur early in development and are one of the most common forms of psychopathology in children. Moreover, anxiety is associated with persistent impairment across the lifespan; therefore, investigating mechanisms that...
Many individuals with eating disorders do not self-identify as having an eating problem, and may therefore fail to seek or receive appropriate treatment. Factors that may influence eating disorder self-recognition and treatment-seeking...
Individuals employed in first responder professions are at risk for the development of psychiatric symptoms. Two of these professions, firefighting and military service, demonstrate a strong overlap of employees. Prior research has...
Callousness is a personality trait that encompasses a lack of guilt and remorse, shallow affect, deficient affiliative tendencies (Frick, Ray, Thorton, & Kahn, 2014; Patrick & Drislane, 2015), and is associated with abnormalities in...
Dispositional Factors Accounting for the Relationship between Low Resting Heart Rate in Childhood and Later Antisocial Behavior: A Triarchic Model Analysis Using Longitudinal-Study Data
Low resting heart rate (HR) has been established as a pervasive risk factor for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB). Work thus far has explored fearlessness and stimulation seeking as possible mechanisms responsible for the low...
Previous research revealed mixed findings regarding the direction of the relation of inhibition and creativity. The goal of this study was to determine if the task used to measure inhibition accounts for this variance in direction and if...
Perfectionism has important implications for self-worth, personal standards, and psychopathology. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a novel two-week, computerized, exposure-based treatment for perfectionism (ETP). Seventy...
In many domains of social life, people risk wrongly accusing an innocent person (i.e., false alarm error) or failing to catch a guilty person (i.e., miss error). Do liberals and conservatives differ in their concern about these types of...
Externalizing behaviors are associated with poor academic outcomes in community-based samples of children as young as preschool-age. However, there remains debate as to which specific externalizing dimensions link externalizing behaviors...
Inconsistent evidence suggests that pediatric ADHD may be associated with impairments in the ability to use context clues to infer the emotion states of others. However, the evidence base for these impairments is comprised of data from...
Although most researchers agree that memory is made up of separable components, there are a number of conflicting theoretical models of memory. Specifically, there remains debate as to whether working memory resources are best described...
A number of studies have demonstrated a strong association between self-regulation, in particular executive function (EF), academic skills and problem behaviors in children (Fuhs, Farran, & Nesbitt, 2015). There is evidence suggesting...
Men tend to outperform women on spatial tasks. Some argue that these performance differences result from innate factors or evolutionary pressures, while others claim they are the result of differences in culture or experience. Some now...
There is a large body of research on the numerical abilities underlying math achievement, but less is known about mathematical reasoning and its relationship to other math abilities. The present study is the first step of a project with...
Considerable evidence has been accumulated on the risk factors associated with ADHD, but little is known about the minority of children with ADHD who may be flourishing despite this neurodevelopmental risk. The present multi-informant...
Approximately 12% of adults in the United States will experience social anxiety disorder (SAD) at some point in their lifetime. Individuals with SAD commonly engage in safety behaviors (SBs), which are behavioral and cognitive strategies...
The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential component related to risk for anxious and obsessive-compulsive pathologies. Self-reported clinical perfectionism and the ERN may represent multimodal indices of an...
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