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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine factors that affect sentencing decisions of Latino and Haitian immigrants. Although scholarly research has consistently demonstrated that foreign-born populations are less likely than native...
Hate crime laws were highly contentious when they were first passed in the early 1980s; they remain particularly divisive in America’s current political and social context. More specifically, while a majority of Americans are supportive...
A large body of research has identified the importance of the family environment for influencing child development. Nonetheless, variation in the exposure to environmental risk factors is typically characterized as a random phenomenon, ...
Criminologists in the Positive tradition have long been interested in the effects of time-stable personality traits on offending. A large body of research now shows that a wide variety of traits (e.g., impulsivity, an angry disposition, ...
Prior research suggests that neighborhood context has an important role in shaping individuals' perceptions of generalized trust, which is an important ingredient in establishing informal social control. Since most of the empirical...
The shift from indeterminate to determinate sentencing policies over the past three decades and the ensuing decline in the use of parole for monitoring inmates’ transition back into their communities has led to the development of...
The general purpose of this research is to determine if there are case-level, individual, and/or social factors that have a differential impact on the federal criminal sentencing of Hispanic non-citizen offenders, compared to white...
The general purpose of this research is to contribute to the efforts in understanding the effect of maternal incarceration on young adult well-being outcomes, and the factors that may buffer or exacerbate any negative effect. There is a...
To date, the empirical literature exploring the effect of prior military service has focused almost exclusively on crime outcomes. There is extensive literature exploring the effect of prior military service on the likelihood of being...
ABSTRACT Worldwide variations in homicide have been subject to debate, specifically in why these variations may occur. This cross-national study makes use of data for 60 developed and developing nations from the World Values Survey data...
Considerable theoretical and empirical attention has been devoted to understanding the persistent relationship between victimization and offending. General strain theory is often applied to explain the origin of deviant behavior, while...
The consequences of the Era of Mass Incarceration in the U.S. have been well-documented throughout the criminological literature. Scholars have found that the effects of incarceration impact various social institutions beyond the justice...
Despite recent development in labeling theory, some voids in research still exist. First, labeling theory has overly emphasized formal labeling and relatively neglected the importance of informal labeling. Second, most research has...
Elder Americans have consistently reported a lower risk of criminal victimization for most other offenses than do adolescents and younger adults; however, certain types of financial exploitation disproportionately impact elders. As the...
While a very few death penalty studies find that the death penalty has the deterrent effect on homicides, the majority of the studies do not find. These contrasting and inconclusive findings raise an important question as to why the...
In response to public fears surrounding an anticipated rise in youth crime, several forms of punitive juvenile justice legislation were implemented during the “get tough” era of the 1980s and 1990s. In many jurisdictions, some of these...
Studies have found that sexual victimization adversely affects an individual’s psychological wellbeing, physical health, and behavior. The current study examines the effects of sexual victimization on adolescent social networks. In...
Traumatic head injury is associated with an array of antisocial behavior. Furthermore, head injury is associated with many of the antisocial risk factors identified in the criminological literature. To date, no research has attempted to...
The incarceration boom of the late 20th century led to a concomitant rise in prison construction. Over two thousand state and federal prisons are currently in operation across the United States, and these prisons are considerably varied...
Previous research links antisocial traits with criminal involvement and contact with the criminal justice system. In line with these findings, an emerging body of research has begun to explore if antisocial traits and persistent criminal...
Research on attentive publics has worked towards identifying who is considered attentive, how the attentive public is different from the general public, and how policy makers should take their views into consideration (Devine, 1970;...
Where There's Smoke, Is There Always Fire?: Exploring the Relationship between Substance-Related Health Strain and Criminal Arrest in a Partial Test of General Strain Theory
A strong connection between substance use and other criminal behaviors like violent and property crimes has been demonstrated by prior research (Bennett, Holloway, & Farrington, 2008), but the exact interconnections of this relationship...
In a study conducted by the Bureau of Justice in 2014, approximately three-quarters (76.6%) of inmates released were re-arrested within five years. Studies have been conducted that examine the impact of inmate characteristics on the...
Becoming the Person Your Dog Thinks You Are: An Assessment of Florida Prison-Based Dog Training Programs on Prison Misconduct, Post-Release Employment and Recidivism
Dog Training Programs have recently become a popular rehabilitative program within correctional facilities. They are present in all 50 states as well as many other countries. However, the empirical literature on the effectiveness of...
The association between neighborhood context and antisocial behavior has been the focus of a considerable amount of criminological research over the past 50 years. During this time, numerous studies have found significant associations...
In the early 1900s researchers began to examine various dimensions of the human personality. Throughout the years this research has solidified the notion that there are several master traits that every individual possess to some degree...
Over 600, 000 individuals were released from prison in the U.S. in 2013 (Carson, 2014), and, if recent trends continue, two-thirds of them will be arrested within 3 years (Durose, Cooper, and Snyder, 2014). Over the last two decades, ...
There is a great deal of research about prisons, but there is a gap in research about jails in the correctional literature. This is particularly true for research about jail inmate reentry. Much of what is known is descriptive in nature, ...
This dissertation examines whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in the use of solitary confinement among pre-adjudicatory youth in juvenile detention centers throughout the state of Florida. In doing so it adds to the existing...
In recent years, criminologists have increasingly focused on understanding stability and change in crime over the life-course. Transitions such as marriage, work, and military service are considered to be potential turning points in the...
The Effects of Child Maltreatment on the Likelihood of Committing Violence in at-Risk Youth: A Family Systems, Trauma Theory, and Need to Belong Framework
One of the most concerning effects of child maltreatment that has been of interest to researchers and practitioners over the past few decades is the documented increased risk of victimized children engaging in violence during childhood...
In the past two decades, the older prisoner population in the U.S. has experienced unprecedented growth (Carson & Sabol, 2016; Scaggs & Bales, 2016). In fact, older prisoners represent the fastest growing inmate population (Carson &...
The current study evaluates the 6-month Modesto Police Department's Domestic Violence Initiative. This is a police intervention with goal of reducing domestic violence cases within Modesto, CA. With a quasi-experimental approach, the...
Research has revealed that there are patterns to offending that can be aggregated into categories or typologies. Despite the large amount of research on typologies of offending, there is a lack of research exploring general violent...
Visitation has received increasing attention from policy makers and scholars for its ability to help offenders maintain connections with loved ones during confinement. While there has been a great deal of work examining the potentially...
At the end of 2016, approximately 1.5 million people were incarcerated in state and federal prisons (Carson, 2021), and more than half of these prisoners are parents of at least one minor child (Maruschak et al., 2021). Upon their...
Purpose: There is a rich history of research investigating victimization and juvenile offending. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the relationship between childhood victimization and juvenile reoffending in a sample of...
Racial Threat, Residential Segregation, "Punishment Power," and Public Policy: The Role of Racial Threat in Predicting Juvenile Transfer to Adult Court
Discretionary decision-making plays a major role in juvenile transfer to adult court, yet little is known about how and why juvenile transfer is used. In particular, although substantial evidence exists that race and ethnicity play a...
Beginning in the 1970s, an ideological, political, and legal shift toward more punitive policies to address crime occurred. The punitive turn can also be seen inside of prisons, and one example is the expanded use of extended restrictive...
The assumption that immigrants are overly involved in crime is deeply rooted in American public opinion. Yet, research published in the last two decades refutes this claim and finds that immigrants are less likely than the native-born to...
A growing body of neighborhood research focuses on external resources, ties to the public level of social control, and their impact on neighborhood crime rates. This work generally finds that stronger ties to the public level and greater...
Although there is general acceptance of law enforcement’s use of criminal profiling, such actions become problematic when they appear to be discriminatory in nature. One of the most frequently examined and contested profiling tactics is...
When police stop and question an individual for suspected delinquency or crime, they may either arrest that individual or release them without any formal arrest. Most of the criminological literature relating to police contact...
Governments have long relied on private entities to assist with the implementation of correctional punishments, treatments, and services. In the United States, reports of privatized corrections can be traced back to Colonial America....
Although slavery was abolished over 150 years ago, research suggests that the effects of slavery are everlasting. Coined the “legacy effect”, scholars argue that the abolishment of slavery did not mark the end of slavery’s deleterious...
A large body of research links family-related factors to various child, adolescent, and adult outcomes. Research has identified a broad range of outcomes that are affected by family structure, processes, and dynamics, such as education, ...
Abstract Informal processing has been a central feature of the juvenile court since its inception at the turn of the twentieth century. Taking many forms over the last century, one of the more common examples of informal processing...
Emerging adulthood is a phase of the life-course unique to the 21st century that was brought about by rapid social, cultural, and demographic changes to society (Arnett, 2000a, 2000b, 2004, 2007, 2015). These changes include delays in...
Over the last three decades, a steady flow of research has explored the factors that explain the spatial distribution of interracial homicides in America. However, despite the many advances made in the interracial homicide literature, ...
Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
