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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
Most people believe in free will, but what happens when this belief is challenged? Psychologists have shown that reducing belief in free will causes a variety of behavioral consequences (Vohs & Schooler, 2008; Baumeister, Masicampo, &...
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in the domains of communication, social interaction, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors (American...
Fluency is the ease of processing information, and is commonly seen as a component of familiarity. The major evidence that fluency is a basis for familiarity is a paradigm where fluency is manipulated by briefly priming participants with...
Few studies have examined the impact of age on reactivity to concurrent think-aloud (TA) verbal reports. The aim of this project was to test whether older adults exhibit greater negative reactivity to concurrent verbal reports than...
Both extinction (EXT) and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) have been used frequently to reduce problem behaviors. The benefits of these interventions have been established yet may be outweighed by the reported...
Whereas aging is associated with an increase in the successful use of Emotion Regulation (ER) strategies (Mather & Cartensen, 2005; Urry & Gross, 2010), depression prone older adults have been found to demonstrate deficits in ER...
This study is the first to ask 1)To what extent is SES associated with WM, inhibition, processing speed, IQ, and achievement in children with ADHD?and 2) Which of these cognitive and environmental factors best predict academic attainment...
Dysfunctional decision-making is characteristic of numerous psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, mood disorders, ADHD, eating disorders, pathological gambling and substance abuse. The rodent Gambling Task (rGT) is analogous to...
The purpose of this study was to test whether or not increased self-esteem can protect against negative consequences of self-objectification. Specifically, a quasi-experimental design, utilizing self-esteem and self-objectification...
The current study examined the contribution of multiple well-established risk variables to the prediction of institutional maladjustment and recidivism. The incremental validity of individual risk variables was assessed and actuarial...
The relation between self-regulation and both academic skills and internalizing symptoms is well-established. However, open questions remain regarding the nature of this relation and about whether similar or different aspects of self...
A chronically elevated white blood cell (WBC) count is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The present research tests whether facets of impulsivity-impulsiveness, excitement-seeking, self-discipline, and deliberation-are...
The Lexical Restructuring Model (LRM; Metsala & Walley, 1998) attempts to explain the development of phonological awareness. According to the LRM, as children's vocabularies increase, children develop a more refined lexical...
Approximately 20-30% of neurons in the avian cochlear nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM) die following deafferentation (i.e., deafness produced by cochlea removal) and there is no known treatment to prevent this cell death. Cell death...
Recent research has demonstrated that social exclusion can increase the motivation to develop new affiliative bonds with others. The primary goal of the paper was to examine the effect that social exclusion would have on gratitude toward...
This study examined how different perfectionist facets (adaptive and maladaptive) are related to self-efficacy and perceived performance. The study consisted of 145 college athletes between 18-24 years old. The sample comprised both...
Despite contributing to our understanding of substance use among maltreated adolescents, research on this link has been limited by reductionist thinking and methods that do not accurately address the heterogeneity within these two...
Purpose– The relations between reading and writing have been studied extensively but the exact nature of their interrelation is not known. This study applied new advances in change score modeling to investigate longitudinal developmental...
Nucleus magnocellularis (NM) is a cochlear nucleus in the avian auditory brain stem which solely receives excitatory input from the auditory nerve fibers of cranial nerve VIII (cnVIII) and bilaterally innervates nucleus laminaris. The...
Activity-based anorexia (ABA), an animal model of anorexia nervosa in which rats are given free access to running wheels but restricted access to food, induces many symptoms of anorexia nervosa. This model has been used to examine...
In this Dissertation, we investigate the regulatory role of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbus (NAcc) in male parental care using the socially monogamous and bi-parental prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) model. In Chapter 1, along...
Symptoms of ADHD have been well observed and extensively discussed throughout the literature; however, classification of the disorder has recently taken on a new level of discrepancy as ADHD is now supported as a longitudinal condition...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent and chronic mental health condition that often results in substantial impairments throughout life. Although evidence-based pharmacological and psychosocial treatments exist...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the multi-faceted nature of morphological knowledge, the relationship between morphological and vocabulary knowledge, and the relationship of these skills to reading comprehension in adults...
This study was designed to address the following questions (a) to what extent do teachers' judgments of students' academic competence and problematic behavior agree with direct assessments of reading and self-regulation? (b) to what...
Despite women earning over 50% of all bachelor's degrees in the United States, they are earning less than 20% of computer science and engineering degrees (NSF, 2011). While there is an abundance of research focusing on the lack of women...
AIMS: This article provides a brief review of recent cross-cultural research on personality traits at both individual and culture levels, highlighting the relevance of recent findings for psychiatry. METHOD: In most cultures around the...
The current study examined the neuropsychological correlates of memory accuracy in older and younger adults. Participants were tested in a memory monitoring paradigm developed by Koriat and Goldsmith (1996), which permits separate...
The ability to accurately monitor and regulate one's cognitive performance is essential to success in a number of settings. What distinguishes between those who can accurately monitor their own performance and those who cannot?...
Numerous studies have implicated the serotonin transporter gene in influencing risk for various types of psychopathology (e.g., depression, anxiety) and associated traits (e.g., neuroticism, aggression). However, the literature in this...
Given the important role of contact in improving attitudes toward outgroup members, it is necessary to examine factors that reduce majority group members' likelihood of having contact with minority group members. Recent research...
Past research has shown that humans possess implicit or unconscious associations which, when activated, affect subsequent behavior. In three studies, I demonstrated a novel implicit association held by some men, an association between...
Underperformance in math is a problem with increasing prevalence, complex etiology, and severe repercussions. This study examined the etiological heterogeneity of math performance in a sample of 264 pairs of 12-year-old twins assessed on...
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has paralleled the sharp increase in obesity. Given its tremendous physical, emotional, and financial burden, it is of critical importance to identify who is most at risk and the potential points of...
Two studies explored the role of internal motivation (i.e., motivation rooted in a personal concern for the environment) and external motivation (i.e., motivation rooted in concerns about one's reputation) for proenvironmental behaviors....
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of worked examples on student learning, transfer, cognitive load, and attitude. In a context of learning two comma rules, four types of worked examples were...
OBJECTIVES: The current study tested opposing predictions stemming from the failure and acting out theories of depression-delinquency covariation. METHOD: Participants included a nationwide longitudinal sample of adolescents (N = 3, 604)...
Educational accountability is predicated on the notion that holding institutions accountable for the performance of their students will improve efficiency. Higher education institutions have not seen the same changes in federal...
BACKGROUND: Personality traits are considered risk factors for drug use, and, in turn, the psychoactive substances impact individuals' traits. Furthermore, there is increasing interest in developing treatment approaches that match an...
Suicide and depression are serious and growing public health problems. Despite their substantial global health burden, relatively few interventions have been found to be efficacious at preventing these conditions. The aims of the current...
This study examined the efficacy of brief functional assessment methodologies, including descriptive assessment and contingency reversal conditions, in determining function of ADHD behavior and the effects of stimulant medication in...
OBJECTIVE: Personality traits underlie maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive and emotional disturbances that contribute to major preventable causes of global disease burden. This study examines detailed personality profiles of underweight...
This study examined whether pre-service teachers demonstrated bias when presented with reading assessment results in graphical form accompanied by a description of pseudo-students that differed across three achievement levels (low, ...
People judge others' harmful effects to be more intentional than their helpful effects (Knobe, 2003). The present work shows that two separate biases produce this side-effect effect: relative to morally neutral side effects, people judge...
Being reminded of a previous instance when encountering new items leads to a large memory benefit. However, little is known about what factors influence whether one will be reminded. In three experiments, I explored the influence of...
Neurogenesis in the adult brain has become an exciting research area in the past three decades. With the advent of new scientific methods and techniques, researchers have been able to identify and characterize new cells proliferating...
Memories recalled from the field, or first person, perspective tend to be specific, more detail-oriented, and emotional, while memories from the observer, or third person, perspective, tend to be general, less detail-oriented, and less...
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