Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems

: Use of internal consistency coefficients for estimating reliability of experimental task scores.; Reliabilities of scores for experimental tasks are likely to differ from one study to another to the extent that the task stimuli change, the number of trials varies, the type of individuals taking the task changes, the administration conditions are altered, or the focal task variable differs. Given that reliabilities vary as a function of the design of these tasks and the characteristics of the individuals taking them, making inferences about the reliability of scores in an ongoing study based on reliability estimates from prior studies is precarious. Thus, it would be advantageous to estimate reliability based on data from the ongoing study. We argue that internal consistency estimates of reliability are underutilized for experimental task data and in many applications could provide this information using a single administration of a task. We discuss different methods for computing internal consistency estimates with a generalized coefficient alpha and the conditions under which these estimates are accurate. We illustrate use of these coefficients using data for three different tasks., Keywords: Coefficient alpha, Generalized coefficient alpha, Reliability, Split-half reliability, Grant Number: R01 DC010784, Publication Note: This NIH-funded author manuscript originally appeared in PubMed Central at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5484005.

: Using Card Sorts In Career Assessment; Summary: Card sorts have been a career counseling tool since the 1960s, and have continued to be used to help individuals in the career decision-making process. This article provides an overview of the development and use of card sorts, including traditional card sorts, creative card sorts, a virtual card sort, and research on a virtual card sort., Publication Note: This is the accepted manuscript of an article published in the Career Planning and Adult Development Journal.

: Using Social Media for Personal Online Reputation Management; Publication Note: This is the accepted manuscript of an article published in the Career Planning and Adult Development Journal.

: Utility of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) for career planning in college students with ADHD; Publication Note: This is the accepted manuscript of an article published in the Career Planning and Adult Development Journal.

: Validation and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2.; The main purpose of the present study was to examine the validation and reliability of the Korean version of the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS-2Kr) by evaluating its factorial invariance across gender. A total of 303 Korean collegiate athletes (198 males and 105 females) from 9 sports participated in the study, and they completed the demographic questionnaire and the SAS-2Kr containing 15 items to measure multidimensional trait anxiety and individual differences in the cognitive and somatic anxiety experienced by athletes. The results of this study indicated that the construct validity in the SAS-2Kr was well established in that the values of the standardized factor loadings, composite reliability, and average variance extracted values were above the recommended cutoff points. The multiple-sample confirmatory factor analyses showed the SAS-2Kr could be generalizable across gender in college samples. The results also indicated that the SAS-2Kr supported the original 3-factor model of SAS-2 in English consisting of somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption, and thus this study provides useful information for researchers to understand the athletes' tendency to experience anxiety reactions in sport situations. Suggestions for future research on competitive trait anxiety are provided in the discussion section., Keywords: Competitive anxiety, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Factorial invariance, Trait anxiety, Validation, Publication Note: This NIH-funded author manuscript originally appeared in PubMed Central at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5873351.

: Validation of the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale in a College Student Sample; This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale among college students. Two hundred forty-three undergraduate and graduate students participated in this study from a southeastern public research one university in the U.S. The scale yields good psychometric results in terms of internal consistency, split-half reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. We discussed the scale’s potential role of serving as an initial assessment tool for spiritually related issues within the college student population., Keywords: Spirituality, Religion, Assessment, College students, Psychometric property, Publication Note: This is an accepted manuscript in the Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, the version of record can be found at https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2017.1360169., Preferred Citation: Shengli Dong, Daniel Fioramonti, Amanda Campbell & Deborah Ebener (2018) Validation of the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale in a College Student Sample, Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 20:2, 167-184, DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2017.1360169

: Validation of the spiritual involvement and beliefs scale in a college student sample.; This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale among college students. A total of 243 undergraduate and graduate students participated in this study from a southeastern public research one university in the United States. The scale yields good psychometric results in terms of internal consistency, split-half reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. We discussed the scale’s potential role of serving as an initial assessment tool for spiritually related issues within the college student population., Assessment, college students, psychometric property, religion, spirituality

: Validity of Social Media-Based Career Information; The use of social media expands the availability and sources of career information. However, the authorship of this information has changed from traditional print media and multimedia sources created by experts to social media-based career information created by the users themselves. While variability in career information validity has been an issue for some time, rapid growth in the use of social media creates some unique challenges. The ease with which social media-based career information can spread creates the potential for rapid widespread dissemination of disinformation and biased perceptions. Potential sources of invalidity include: intentional bias (with or without profit motive), unintentional bias, restricted range of experience, out-of-date information, popularity bias, similarity bias, and context deficiency. We examine potential sources of social media-based career information invalidity and suggest implications for practice to help individuals make best use of such information., career information, social media, information validity, bias, misinformation, This is the accepted manuscript and the version of record can be found at https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12127.

: Variables Affecting Readiness to Benefit from Career interventions; This article identifies and briefly describes the broad range of variables that may influence clients' readiness to benefit from career interventions. The article also discusses consequences of low readiness for effective use of career interventions and addresses implications for practice as well as for future research. Variables contributing to low readiness for effective use of career interventions include personal characteristics and circumstances; knowledge of self, options, and decision making; and prior experience with career interventions. Consequences of low readiness for using career interventions include premature disengagement, negative perception of skills and interests, selective acquisition of incomplete information, premature choice foreclosure, protracted exploration, dependent decision-making style, and poor evaluation of options., Keywords: career development, career interventions, readiness, preparedness, theory of self-knowledge, decision making, Professional and Management Development Training, Vocational Rehabilitation Services, Note: Copyright of this article, as published in The Career Development Quarterly, is the property of the National Career Development Association. An updated table highlighting selected instruments that can be used for assessing readiness for career decision making is available in DigiNole at Sampson, James P. Jr.; McClain, Mary-Catherine; Musch, Elizabeth; and Reardon, Robert C., "A Partial Listing of Instruments That Can be Used as a Component of Readiness Assessment" (2013). Publications. Paper 2.http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/techcenter_publications/2, Citation: Sampson, J. P., McClain, M. C., Musch, E., & Reardon, R. C. (2013). Variables affecting readiness to benefit from career interventions. The Career Development Quarterly, 61, 98-109. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2013.00040.x

: Virtual School Counseling; The advent of virtual schools opens doors to opportunity for student services to be delivered via the Internet. Through the use of structured interviews with four practicing Florida virtual school counselors (FLVSCs), and a follow up survey, we examined the experiences and reflections of school counselors who are employed full time in a statewide virtual school. Findings highlight how FLVSCs differ in their activities from traditional school counselors. Implications for practice, training, and future research are suggested., Keywords: Virtual school counseling, Online school counseling, Virtual school counselors, Publication Note: This is the accepted manuscript of the article published by Virtual School Counselors which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5330/2156-759X-18.1.179., Preferred Citation: Osborn, D. S., Peterson, G. W., & Hale, R. (2015). Virtual School Counselors. Professional School Counseling, 18 (1), 179-190. doi:10.5330/2156-759X-18.1.179

: Virtual reality-based social skills training for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder; In this study, the researchers explored the usage of a virtual reality (VR)–based social skills learning environment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using OpenSimulator, the researchers constructed a desktop VR-based learning environment that supports social-oriented role-play, gaming, and design by children with ASD. Seven 10–14 years old children with ASD participated in this VR-based social skills program for 20+ hr on average. Data were collected via screen recording and observation of play- and design-oriented social skills enactment and pre- and postintervention Social Communication and Skills Questionnaires. Participants demonstrated an increased level of successful social skills performance from the baseline to the intervention phase. The findings provided preliminary evidence for the usage of a VR-based social skills learning environment for children with ASD., Social skills, Autism, Virtual reality, Naturalistic intervention, Simulation, Spencer Foundation 201400178

: Vocational Meaning Survey (VMS); Summary: The Vocational Meaning Survey (VMS) and the Vocational Fulfillment Survey (VFS), both 28 items, were designed to measure the extent to which individuals find their present employment meaningful and fulfilling according to four dimensions, Basic Needs, Self-Enhancement, Team Enhancement, and Transcendence. The results can assist career clients in ascertaining whether to engage in career exploration and decision making., Publication Note: This is the accepted manuscript of an article published in the Career Planning and Adult Development Journal.

: Webcams at work; This research report presents highlights from a survey of 514 learning professionals conducted during Spring 2021. Findings address frequency, comfort, and enjoyment of virtual meetings; transactional distance and webcam use; comfort using webcams across different contexts; factors that influence webcam use; and multi-tasking behaviors., multi-tasking, online learning, virtual work, virtual meeting, webcam, webconference, Dennen, V. P., Word, K. D., & Arslan, Ö. (2021). Webcams at work: A survey of learning professionals’ practices and perceptions. [Research Brief] Instructional Systems & Learning Technologies, Florida State University.

: Workplace accommodation readiness between college graduates and high school graduates; Workplace accommodation requests and pertinent psychological and social factors were compared among a national sample of 528 participants recruited from multiple organizations serving people with disabilities. For the purpose of statistical analyses, the sample was grouped into three education levels (i.e., graduate degree or higher, associate or bachelor's degree, and high school degree or less). Participants with a high school degree or less were less likely to request accommodations compared to the other two groups. Participants with a highschool degree or less were less likely to request assistive technology, telework, physical alteration of office and/or work environment, and assistance by others. Participants with a master's degree or higher reported significantly higher levels of willingness to request accommodations than other participants. Participants with a master's degree or higher reported a significantly higher level of self- efficacy in requesting accommodations than the other two groups. Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups on self-efficacy in goal setting, knowledge of ADA, and knowledge of accommodations. Implications for rehabilitation counselors and transition professionals are discussed., workplace accommodations request, college graduates, high school graduates

: Workplace accommodations, job performance and job satisfaction among individuals with sensory disabilities; This study examined differences between requesters and non-requesters of workplace accommodations in their self-reported job performance and job satisfaction. Participants were 194 individuals with visual and hearing disabilities (females = 67.5%, visual = 53.2%) receiving rehabilitation and related services in the US. They completed a survey on their self-reported accommodation requests, job satisfaction and work performance. Chi square and ANOVA tests were used to compare and contrast the differences. Findings suggest participants with requested accommodations have higher levels on job performance and job satisfaction than non-requesters. Individuals who were more likely to request accommodations were associated with higher educational background, moderate disability severity and higher levels of workplace supports from employers and coworkers. They reported higher knowledge levels on Americans with Disabilities Act and accommodation procedures, and higher outcome expectations and self-efficacies in requesting accommodations. Requesting workplace accommodations is an interactive and multifaceted process that involves various biopsychosocial factors. Rehabilitation professionals should help individuals with sensory disabilities from biopsychosoical perspectives to enhance job accommodation and job satisfaction., workplace accommodations, sensory impairment, job performance, job satisfaction, biopsychosocial framework

: Young African American Scholars Make Reading Gains at Literacy-Focused, Culturally Relevant Summer Camp That Combats Summer Reading Loss; A substantial amount of evidence suggests that students, particularly those from economically disadvantaged households, experience summer reading loss. Available evidence suggests this is due to a lack of participation in literacy-focused activities and access to books during the summer break from school. The current study investigated whether participation in Children’s Defense Fund’s Freedom Schools, a free, six-week, literacy-focused, culturally relevant summer camp, may help prevent summer reading loss. The sample consisted of 125 students who participated in three sites of the summer camp and completed pre- and post-test reading assessments. The results of this study suggest that the literacy-focused summer camp provides students with an academically enriching opportunity that may help prevent summer reading loss, particularly for students in Grades 3–5, who experienced small gains on average in vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. Recommendations are provided regarding how the program can be modified to maximize potential benefits related to participation., summer reading loss, culturally relevant education, summer camp

: analysis of disability, academic performance, and seeking support in one university setting; This study focused on the academic performance and use of disability support services (DSS) of students with different types of disabilities who attend a postsecondary education institution. Findings show different patterns of academic success over four semesters as well as different patterns of DSS usage. Students who requested support from DSS were more likely to demonstrate improved academic performance, but relatively few students sought such support. The authors discussed the implications for professionals in working with this population., college students with disabilitiesacademic performancedisability support services

: assessment of bystander intervention in bullying; Research on bystander intervention in bullying has indicated that prosocial helping behavior is not consistent across gender, with girls engaging in more bystander intervention; however, a search of the literature does not reveal any studies that have examined the validity of bystander intervention measurement across subpopulations. The purpose of the current study was to investigate measurement invariance across gender in both the elementary and middle school versions of the Bystander Intervention Model in Bullying measure among a sample of 682 fourth to eighth grade students (46% girls, 47% low income, 87% White). Results suggest evidence of measurement equivalence of the five-step bystander intervention model across gender in the elementary and middle school samples. Given this, there is evidence that the measure can be used for research and practical purposes in these grade levels and that comparisons between boys and girls are appropriate., Bystander intervention, Bullying, Measurement invariance, Measurement equivalence, The version of record can be found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2018.05.008

: comparison of perceptions of factors in the job accommodation process among employees with disabilities, employers, and service providers; Job accommodation is a multifaceted and interactive process. Stakeholder groups (i.e., employees with disabilities, employers, and in some cases service providers) make decisions about requesting or providing job accommodations based on multiple factors in this process. An understanding of stakeholder differences in their perceptions of these factors may mitigate the myths and misconceptions about accommodations, and facilitate the accommodation process. Stakeholder perspectives on the importance of factors involved in the accommodation process are compared. How these perceptions may affect the likelihood of requesting or providing accommodations is discussed, along with the implications for rehabilitation professionals.

: effect of an online Self-Directed Search on the career decision state.; An exploratory study examined the effects of a counselor-free career intervention, the online Self-Directed Search Form R Fifth Edition (SDS), with 114 undergraduate students at three levels of career decision state or readiness for career decision making. The effects of this intervention included (a) changes in the career decision state low (d = 1.14), medium, (d = .14), and high (d = .17) over a three-week time period, (b) the extent of engagement in the task of taking the SDS and reviewing the reports, and (c) attitudes regard-ing aspects of the experience itself. Results showed a significant, positive impact of the online SDS on non-cli-ent students who were in a low career decision state (high career uncertain-ty, high career dissatisfaction, low career clarity) regarding their career goals and aspirations. Regardless of the students’ career decision state, the majority of students engaged the opportunity to further explore their interests through the SDS and reacted positively to the experience., career decision-making, Self-Directed Search, career pro-gramming/interventions, undergrad-uates, Retrieved from http://cjcdonline.ca/download/the-effects-of-the-online-self-directed-search-on-the-career-decision-state/, Dozier, V. C., Osborn, D. S., Kronholz, J., Peterson, G. W., & Reardon, R. C. (2019). The effect of an online Self-Directed Search on the career decision state. Canadian Journal of Career Development, 18(2), 48-62. Retrieved from http://cjcdonline.ca/download/the-effects-of-the-online-self-directed-search-on-the-career-decision-state/

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