Search results

Title: Learning to write letters: examination of student and letter factors..
Creator: Puranik, Cynthia S, Petscher, Yaacov, Lonigan, Christopher J
Abstract/Description: Learning to write the letters of the alphabet is an important part of learning how to write conventionally. In this study, we investigated critical factors in the development of letter-writing skills using exploratory item response models to simultaneously account for variance in responses due to differences between students and between letters. Letter-writing skills were assessed in 415 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years. At the student level, we examined the contribution of letter-name...
Show moreLearning to write the letters of the alphabet is an important part of learning how to write conventionally. In this study, we investigated critical factors in the development of letter-writing skills using exploratory item response models to simultaneously account for variance in responses due to differences between students and between letters. Letter-writing skills were assessed in 415 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years. At the student level, we examined the contribution of letter-name knowledge, letter-sound knowledge, and phonological awareness to letter-writing skills. At the letter level, we examined seven intrinsic and extrinsic factors in understanding how preschool children learn to write alphabet letters: first letter of name, letters in name, letter order, textual frequency, number of strokes, symmetry, and letter type. Results indicated that variation in letter-writing skills was accounted for more by differences between students rather than by differences between letters, with most of the variability accounted for by letter-name knowledge and age. Although significant, the contribution of letter-sound knowledge and phonological awareness was relatively small. Student-level mechanisms underlying the acquisition of letter-writing skills are similar to the mechanisms underlying the learning of letter sounds. However, letter characteristics, which appear to play a major role in the learning of letter names and letter sounds, did not appear to influence learning how to write letters in a substantial way. The exception was if the letter was in the child's name.
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Date Issued: 2014-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25181463, 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.07.009, PMC5102622, 25181463, 25181463, S0022-0965(14)00149-0
Format: Citation

Title: Enacted Reading Comprehension: Using Bodily Movement to Aid the Comprehension of Abstract Text Content..
Creator: Kaschak, Michael P, Connor, Carol M, Dombek, Jennifer L
Abstract/Description: We report a design study that assessed the feasibility of Enacted Reading Comprehension (ERC), an intervention designed to teach 3rd and 4th grade students (n = 40 and 25, respectively) to use gestures to understand an increasingly abstract set of texts. Students were taught to use gestures to understand the idea of "opposing forces" in a concrete setting-the forces at play as tectonic plates move past each other-and then taught to use the gestures to understand opposing forces in more...
Show moreWe report a design study that assessed the feasibility of Enacted Reading Comprehension (ERC), an intervention designed to teach 3rd and 4th grade students (n = 40 and 25, respectively) to use gestures to understand an increasingly abstract set of texts. Students were taught to use gestures to understand the idea of "opposing forces" in a concrete setting-the forces at play as tectonic plates move past each other-and then taught to use the gestures to understand opposing forces in more abstract situations. For example, students were taught to use gestures to understand the opposing sides of an argument, and to understand the internal conflicts that arise as individuals are faced with moral dilemmas. The results of our design study suggest that ERC has promise as a method for introducing students to the idea of using gesture to understand text content, and to employ this strategy in a range of reading contexts.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-20
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28107474, 10.1371/journal.pone.0169711, PMC5249083, 28107474, 28107474, PONE-D-16-36185
Format: Citation

Title: The prevalence of discrimination across racial groups in contemporary America: Results from a nationally representative sample of adults..
Creator: Boutwell, Brian B, Nedelec, Joseph L, Winegard, Bo, Shackelford, Todd, Beaver, Kevin M, Vaughn, Michael, Barnes, J C, Wright, John P
Abstract/Description: A large body of social science research is devoted to understanding the causes and correlates of discrimination. Comparatively less effort has been aimed at providing a general prevalence estimate of discrimination using a nationally representative sample. The current study is intended to offer such an estimate using a large sample of American respondents (N = 14,793) while also exploring perceptions regarding why respondents felt they were discriminated against. The results provide a broad...
Show moreA large body of social science research is devoted to understanding the causes and correlates of discrimination. Comparatively less effort has been aimed at providing a general prevalence estimate of discrimination using a nationally representative sample. The current study is intended to offer such an estimate using a large sample of American respondents (N = 14,793) while also exploring perceptions regarding why respondents felt they were discriminated against. The results provide a broad estimate of self-reported discrimination experiences-an event that was only reported by about one-quarter of all sample members-across racial and ethnic categories.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-24
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28837680, 10.1371/journal.pone.0183356, PMC5570361, 28837680, 28837680, PONE-D-17-06599
Format: Citation

Title: How and why weight stigma drives the obesity 'epidemic' and harms health.
Creator: Tomiyama, A Janet, Carr, Deborah, Granberg, Ellen M, Major, Brenda, Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina R, Brewis, Alexandra
Abstract/Description: In an era when obesity prevalence is high throughout much of the world, there is a correspondingly pervasive and strong culture of weight stigma. For example, representative studies show that some forms of weight discrimination are more prevalent even than discrimination based on race or ethnicity. In this Opinion article, we review compelling evidence that weight stigma is harmful to health, over and above objective body mass index. Weight stigma is prospectively related to heightened...
Show moreIn an era when obesity prevalence is high throughout much of the world, there is a correspondingly pervasive and strong culture of weight stigma. For example, representative studies show that some forms of weight discrimination are more prevalent even than discrimination based on race or ethnicity. In this Opinion article, we review compelling evidence that weight stigma is harmful to health, over and above objective body mass index. Weight stigma is prospectively related to heightened mortality and other chronic diseases and conditions. Most ironically, it actually begets heightened risk of obesity through multiple obesogenic pathways. Weight stigma is particularly prevalent and detrimental in healthcare settings, with documented high levels of 'anti-fat' bias in healthcare providers, patients with obesity receiving poorer care and having worse outcomes, and medical students with obesity reporting high levels of alcohol and substance use to cope with internalized weight stigma. In terms of solutions, the most effective and ethical approaches should be aimed at changing the behaviors and attitudes of those who stigmatize, rather than towards the targets of weight stigma. Medical training must address weight bias, training healthcare professionals about how it is perpetuated and on its potentially harmful effects on their patients. Weight stigma is likely to drive weight gain and poor health and thus should be eradicated. This effort can begin by training compassionate and knowledgeable healthcare providers who will deliver better care and ultimately lessen the negative effects of weight stigma.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30107800, 10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5, PMC6092785, 30107800, 30107800, 10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5
Format: Citation

Title: Capturing the Interpersonal Implications of Evolved Preferences? Frequency of Sex Shapes Automatic, but Not Explicit, Partner Evaluations.
Creator: Hicks, Lindsey L, McNulty, James K, Meltzer, Andrea L, Olson, Michael A
Abstract/Description: A strong predisposition to engage in sexual intercourse likely evolved in humans because sex is crucial to reproduction. Given that meeting interpersonal preferences tends to promote positive relationship evaluations, sex within a relationship should be positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Nevertheless, prior research has been inconclusive in demonstrating such a link, with longitudinal and experimental studies showing no association between sexual frequency and relationship...
Show moreA strong predisposition to engage in sexual intercourse likely evolved in humans because sex is crucial to reproduction. Given that meeting interpersonal preferences tends to promote positive relationship evaluations, sex within a relationship should be positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Nevertheless, prior research has been inconclusive in demonstrating such a link, with longitudinal and experimental studies showing no association between sexual frequency and relationship satisfaction. Crucially, though, all prior research has utilized explicit reports of satisfaction, which reflect deliberative processes that may override the more automatic implications of phylogenetically older evolved preferences. Accordingly, capturing the implications of sexual frequency for relationship evaluations may require implicit measurements that bypass deliberative reasoning. Consistent with this idea, one cross-sectional and one 3-year study of newlywed couples revealed a positive association between sexual frequency and automatic partner evaluations but not explicit satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of automatic measurements to understanding interpersonal relationships.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27084851, 10.1177/0956797616638650, PMC4899232, 27084851, 27084851, 0956797616638650
Format: Citation

Title: Evaluating the impact of feedback on elementary aged students' fluency growth in written expression: a randomized controlled trial..
Creator: Truckenmiller, Adrea J, Eckert, Tanya L, Codding, Robin S, Petscher, Yaacov
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate elementary-aged students' writing fluency growth in response to (a) instructional practices, (b) sex differences, and (c) student's initial level of writing fluency. Third-grade students (n=133) in three urban elementary schools were randomly assigned to either an individualized performance feedback condition (n=46), a practice-only condition (i.e., weekly writing practice; n=39), or an instructional control condition (n=48) for...
Show moreThe purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate elementary-aged students' writing fluency growth in response to (a) instructional practices, (b) sex differences, and (c) student's initial level of writing fluency. Third-grade students (n=133) in three urban elementary schools were randomly assigned to either an individualized performance feedback condition (n=46), a practice-only condition (i.e., weekly writing practice; n=39), or an instructional control condition (n=48) for 8weeks. Findings included support for use of performance feedback as an instructional component in general education classrooms (Hedges' g=0.66), whereas simple practice with curriculum-based measurement in written expression did not produce growth significantly greater than standard instructional practices. The hypothesis that girls write significantly more than boys was supported. However, girls and boys did not differ in their rate of growth. Finally, students' initial risk status in writing fluency did not differentially predict growth in writing fluency over the course of the study. Implications for incorporating feedback as a basic component of intervention in writing are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2014-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25432270, 10.1016/j.jsp.2014.09.001, PMC5046133, 25432270, 25432270, S0022-4405(14)00069-7
Format: Citation

Title: Exploring the Co-Development of Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study..
Creator: Little, Callie W, Hart, Sara A, Quinn, Jamie M, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Taylor, Jeanette, Schatschneider, Christopher
Abstract/Description: This study explores the co-development of two related but separate reading skills, reading fluency and reading comprehension, across Grades 1-4. A bivariate biometric dual change score model was applied to longitudinal data collected from 1,784 twin pairs between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Grade 1 skills were influenced by highly overlapping genetic and environmental factors. Growth in both skills was influenced by highly overlapping shared environmental factors. Cross-lagged parameters...
Show moreThis study explores the co-development of two related but separate reading skills, reading fluency and reading comprehension, across Grades 1-4. A bivariate biometric dual change score model was applied to longitudinal data collected from 1,784 twin pairs between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Grade 1 skills were influenced by highly overlapping genetic and environmental factors. Growth in both skills was influenced by highly overlapping shared environmental factors. Cross-lagged parameters indicated bidirectional effects, with stronger effects from fluency to comprehension change than from comprehension to fluency change.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27859016, 10.1111/cdev.12670, PMC5423830, 27859016, 27859016
Format: Citation

Title: Learning letter names and sounds: effects of instruction, letter type, and phonological processing skill..
Creator: Piasta, Shayne B, Wagner, Richard K
Abstract/Description: Preschool-age children (N=58) were randomly assigned to receive instruction in letter names and sounds, letter sounds only, or numbers (control). Multilevel modeling was used to examine letter name and sound learning as a function of instructional condition and characteristics of both letters and children. Specifically, learning was examined in light of letter name structure, whether letter names included cues to their respective sounds, and children's phonological processing skills....
Show morePreschool-age children (N=58) were randomly assigned to receive instruction in letter names and sounds, letter sounds only, or numbers (control). Multilevel modeling was used to examine letter name and sound learning as a function of instructional condition and characteristics of both letters and children. Specifically, learning was examined in light of letter name structure, whether letter names included cues to their respective sounds, and children's phonological processing skills. Consistent with past research, children receiving letter name and sound instruction were most likely to learn the sounds of letters whose names included cues to their sounds regardless of phonological processing skills. Only children with higher phonological skills showed a similar effect in the control condition. Practical implications are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2010-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_20097352, 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.12.008, PMC2978809, 20097352, 20097352, S0022-0965(09)00212-4
Format: Citation

Title: IRTs of the ABCs: children's letter name acquisition..
Creator: Phillips, Beth M, Piasta, Shayne B, Anthony, Jason L, Lonigan, Christopher J, Francis, David J
Abstract/Description: We examined the developmental sequence of letter name knowledge acquisition by children from 2 to five years of age. Data from 2 samples representing diverse regions, ethnicity, and socioeconomic backgrounds (ns = 1074 and 500) were analyzed using item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning techniques. Results from factor analyses indicated that letter name knowledge represented a unidimensional skill; IRT results yielded significant differences between letters in both...
Show moreWe examined the developmental sequence of letter name knowledge acquisition by children from 2 to five years of age. Data from 2 samples representing diverse regions, ethnicity, and socioeconomic backgrounds (ns = 1074 and 500) were analyzed using item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning techniques. Results from factor analyses indicated that letter name knowledge represented a unidimensional skill; IRT results yielded significant differences between letters in both difficulty and discrimination. Results also indicated an approximate developmental sequence in letter name learning for the simplest and most challenging to learn letters--but with no clear sequence between these extremes. Findings also suggested that children were most likely to first learn their first initial. We discuss implications for assessment and instruction.
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Date Issued: 2012-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_22710016, 10.1016/j.jsp.2012.05.002, PMC4322910, 22710016, 22710016, S0022-4405(12)00044-1
Format: Citation

Title: Comparing two forms of dynamic assessment and traditional assessment of preschool phonological awareness.
Creator: Thatcher Kantor, Patricia, Wagner, Richard K, Torgesen, Joseph K, Rashotte, Carol A
Abstract/Description: The goal of the current study was to compare two forms of dynamic assessment and standard assessment of preschool children's phonological awareness. The first form of dynamic assessment was a form of scaffolding in which item formats were modified in response to an error so as to make the task easier or more explicit. The second form of dynamic assessment was direct instruction of the phonological awareness tasks. The results indicate that preschool children's phonological awareness can be...
Show moreThe goal of the current study was to compare two forms of dynamic assessment and standard assessment of preschool children's phonological awareness. The first form of dynamic assessment was a form of scaffolding in which item formats were modified in response to an error so as to make the task easier or more explicit. The second form of dynamic assessment was direct instruction of the phonological awareness tasks. The results indicate that preschool children's phonological awareness can be assessed using standard assessment procedures, provided the items require processing units larger than the individual phoneme. No advantage was found in reliability or validity for either dynamic assessment condition relative to the standard assessment condition. Dynamic assessment does not appear to improve reliability or validity of phonological awareness assessments when preschool children are given tasks that they can perform using standard administration procedures.
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Date Issued: 2011-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_21685350, 10.1177/0022219411407861, PMC3179788, 21685350, 21685350, 0022219411407861
Format: Citation

Title: Balancing sex chromosome expression and satisfying the sexes.
Creator: Horabin, Jamila I
Abstract/Description: Equalizing sex chromosome expression between the sexes when they have largely differing gene content appears to be necessary, and across species, is accomplished in a variety of ways. Even in birds, where the process is less than complete, a mechanism to reduce the difference in gene dose between the sexes exists. In early development, while the dosage difference is unregulated and still in flux, it is frequently exploited by sex determination mechanisms. The Drosophila female sex...
Show moreEqualizing sex chromosome expression between the sexes when they have largely differing gene content appears to be necessary, and across species, is accomplished in a variety of ways. Even in birds, where the process is less than complete, a mechanism to reduce the difference in gene dose between the sexes exists. In early development, while the dosage difference is unregulated and still in flux, it is frequently exploited by sex determination mechanisms. The Drosophila female sex determination process is one clear example, determining the sexes based on X chromosome dose. Recent data show that in Drosophila, the female sex not only reads this gene balance difference, but at the same time usurps the moment. Taking advantage of the transient default state of male dosage compensation, the sex determination master-switch Sex-lethal which resides on the X, has its expression levels enhanced before it works to correct the gene imbalance. Intriguingly, key developmental genes which could create developmental havoc if their levels were unbalanced show more exquisite regulation, suggesting nature distinguishes them and ensures their expression is kept in the desirable range.
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Date Issued: 2012-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_22388008, 10.4161/fly.18822, PMC3365834, 22388008, 22388008, 18822
Format: Citation

Title: Bidirectional relations between phonological awareness and letter knowledge in preschool revisited: A growth curve analysis of the relation between two code-related skills..
Creator: Lerner, Matthew D, Lonigan, Christopher J
Abstract/Description: Despite the importance of phonological awareness for the development of reading in alphabetic languages, little attention has been paid to its developmental origins. In this study, dual-process, latent growth models were used to examine patterns of bidirectional relations between letter knowledge and phonological awareness during preschool. The sample comprised 358 children (mean age=48.60 months, SD=7.26). Growth models were used to quantify the unique longitudinal relations between the...
Show moreDespite the importance of phonological awareness for the development of reading in alphabetic languages, little attention has been paid to its developmental origins. In this study, dual-process, latent growth models were used to examine patterns of bidirectional relations between letter knowledge and phonological awareness during preschool. The sample comprised 358 children (mean age=48.60 months, SD=7.26). Growth models were used to quantify the unique longitudinal relations between the initial level of each skill and growth in the other skill during the preschool year, after controlling for initial level of the same skill, vocabulary, age, and growth in the code-related skill being used as a predictor. Letter-name knowledge and phonological awareness were bidirectionally related; the initial level of each uniquely predicted growth in the other. Initial letter-sound knowledge and phonological awareness growth were not uniquely related, and vocabulary was not related to growth in phonological awareness. These findings extend the evidence of the relation between letter knowledge and phonological awareness to supra-phonemic tasks, indicating that this bidirectional relation begins at an earlier point in the development of phonological awareness than previously reported. In addition, these findings help to rule out general growth in letter knowledge and phonological awareness as an alternative explanation for the bidirectional relation between these two code-related skills.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26745710, 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.09.023, PMC5225463, 26745710, 26745710, S0022-0965(15)00227-1
Format: Citation

Title: A randomized controlled trial of The Body Project: More Than Muscles for men with body dissatisfaction..
Creator: Brown, Tiffany A, Forney, K Jean, Pinner, Dennis, Keel, Pamela K
Abstract/Description: Pressures for men to conform to a lean, muscular ideal have, in part, contributed to eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms, yet few programs have been developed and empirically evaluated to help men. This study investigated the acceptability and efficacy of a cognitive dissonance-based (DB) intervention in reducing eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia risk factors in men with body dissatisfaction. Men were randomized to a two-session DB intervention (n = 52) or a waitlist control...
Show morePressures for men to conform to a lean, muscular ideal have, in part, contributed to eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms, yet few programs have been developed and empirically evaluated to help men. This study investigated the acceptability and efficacy of a cognitive dissonance-based (DB) intervention in reducing eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia risk factors in men with body dissatisfaction. Men were randomized to a two-session DB intervention (n = 52) or a waitlist control condition (n = 60). Participants completed validated measures assessing eating disorder risk factors preintervention, postintervention, and at 1-month follow-up. Program ratings indicated high acceptability. The DB condition demonstrated greater decreases in body-ideal internalization, dietary restraint, bulimic symptoms, drive for muscularity, and muscle dysmorphia symptoms compared with controls (p values < .02; between-condition Cohen's d = .30-1.11) from pre- to postintervention. At one-month follow-up, the DB condition demonstrated significantly lower scores for all variables (p values < .03; between-condition d = .29-1.16). Body-ideal internalization mediated intervention outcomes on bulimic and muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Results support the acceptability and efficacy of The Body Project: More Than Muscles up to 1-month postintervention and should be examined against active control conditions.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28481431, 10.1002/eat.22724, PMC5538920, 28481431, 28481431
Format: Citation

Title: The genetics of sex: exploring differences..
Creator: Arbeitman, Michelle N, Kopp, Artyom, Siegal, Mark L, Van Doren, Mark
Abstract/Description: In this commentary, Michelle Arbeitman et al., examine the topic of the Genetics of Sex as explored in this month's issues of GENETICS and G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics. These inaugural articles are part of a joint Genetics of Sex collection (ongoing) in the GSA journals.
Date Issued: 2014-06-17
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24939183, 10.1534/g3.114.011692, PMC4065266, 24939183, 24939183, 4/6/979
Format: Citation

Title: The utility and accuracy of oral reading fluency score types in predicting reading comprehension.
Creator: Petscher, Yaacov, Kim, Young-Suk
Abstract/Description: This study used data from the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS; Good & Kaminski, 2002) oral reading fluency (ORF) probes to examine variation among different ORF score types (i.e., the median of three passages, the mean of all three passages, the mean of passages 2 and 3, and the score from passage 3) in predicting reading comprehension as a function of student reading fluency level and to compare the screening accuracy of these score types in predicting student...
Show moreThis study used data from the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS; Good & Kaminski, 2002) oral reading fluency (ORF) probes to examine variation among different ORF score types (i.e., the median of three passages, the mean of all three passages, the mean of passages 2 and 3, and the score from passage 3) in predicting reading comprehension as a function of student reading fluency level and to compare the screening accuracy of these score types in predicting student reading comprehension. The results revealed that the relation between oral reading fluency and reading comprehension varied as a function of students' oral reading fluency and that different score types had varying predictive validity for year-end reading comprehension. The mean of all three passages demonstrated a marginally better balance in screening efficiency from September to December of grade one (especially for low-performing students), whereas in grades two and three, the median score was the best predictor. Furthermore, across all grades, increasing reading rates were observed for the three administered passages within an assessment period. The observed patterns mimicked previous experimental studies (Francis et al., 2008; Jenkins, Graff, & Miglioretti, 2009), suggesting that practice effects are an important consideration in the administration of multiple passages assessing oral reading fluency.
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Date Issued: 2011-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_21215838, 10.1016/j.jsp.2010.09.004, PMC4314721, 21215838, 21215838, S0022-4405(10)00064-6
Format: Citation

Title: Internalizing Symptoms, Peer Substance Use, and Substance Use Initiation.
Creator: Siennick, Sonja E, Widdowson, Alex O, Woessner, Mathew, Feinberg, Mark E
Abstract/Description: This study used longitudinal survey and social network data covering sixth through ninth grades to test whether internalizing symptoms make early adolescents more prone to (1) exposure to and (2) influence by substance-using peers. Random effects regressions revealed that increases in symptoms were significantly associated with increases in the proportion of friends who used cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana; some associations weakened across grades. Event history models revealed that the...
Show moreThis study used longitudinal survey and social network data covering sixth through ninth grades to test whether internalizing symptoms make early adolescents more prone to (1) exposure to and (2) influence by substance-using peers. Random effects regressions revealed that increases in symptoms were significantly associated with increases in the proportion of friends who used cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana; some associations weakened across grades. Event history models revealed that the effect of friends' smoking on smoking initiation decreased as internalizing symptoms increased; symptoms did not moderate the effects of friends' alcohol and marijuana use on alcohol and marijuana use initiation. These findings counter the influence hypothesis of the co-occurrence of internalizing symptoms with substance use and partly support the exposure hypothesis.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28070153, 10.1111/jora.12215, PMC5215896, 28070153, 28070153
Format: Citation

Title: Core vocabulary in written personal narratives of school-age children.
Creator: Wood, Carla, Appleget, Allyssa, Hart, Sara
Abstract/Description: This study aimed to describe core words of written personal narratives to inform the implementation of AAC supports for literacy instruction. Investigators analyzed lexical diversity, frequency of specific word use and types of words that made up 70% of the total words used in 211 written narrative samples from children in first grade (n = 94) and fourth grade (n = 117). Across grades, 191 different words made up 70% of the total words used in the 211 written narrative samples. The top 50...
Show moreThis study aimed to describe core words of written personal narratives to inform the implementation of AAC supports for literacy instruction. Investigators analyzed lexical diversity, frequency of specific word use and types of words that made up 70% of the total words used in 211 written narrative samples from children in first grade (n = 94) and fourth grade (n = 117). Across grades, 191 different words made up 70% of the total words used in the 211 written narrative samples. The top 50 words were comprised of content words (64%) and function words (36%). Grade differences were noted in diversity and types of words, including differences in the number of words comprising the core (132 words for children in first grade and 207 for fourth grade) and a higher proportion of abstract nouns for children in fourth grade based on the 200 most frequently occurring words for each grade.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27559987, 10.1080/07434618.2016.1216596, PMC5247772, 27559987, 27559987
Format: Citation

Title: Ocean acidification changes the male fitness landscape.
Creator: Campbell, Anna L, Levitan, Don R, Hosken, David J, Lewis, Ceri
Abstract/Description: Sperm competition is extremely common in many ecologically important marine taxa. Ocean acidification (OA) is driving rapid changes to the marine environments in which freely spawned sperm operate, yet the consequences of OA on sperm performance are poorly understood in the context of sperm competition. Here, we investigated the impacts of OA (+1000 μatm pCO2) on sperm competitiveness for the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Males with faster sperm had greater competitive fertilisation...
Show moreSperm competition is extremely common in many ecologically important marine taxa. Ocean acidification (OA) is driving rapid changes to the marine environments in which freely spawned sperm operate, yet the consequences of OA on sperm performance are poorly understood in the context of sperm competition. Here, we investigated the impacts of OA (+1000 μatm pCO2) on sperm competitiveness for the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Males with faster sperm had greater competitive fertilisation success in both seawater conditions. Similarly, males with more motile sperm had greater sperm competitiveness, but only under current pCO2 levels. Under OA the strength of this association was significantly reduced and there were male sperm performance rank changes under OA, such that the best males in current conditions are not necessarily best under OA. Therefore OA will likely change the male fitness landscape, providing a mechanism by which environmental change alters the genetic landscape of marine species.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-17
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27531458, 10.1038/srep31250, PMC4987666, 27531458, 27531458, srep31250
Format: Citation

Title: Patient Opinions About Screening for Suicide Risk in the Adult Medical Inpatient Unit.
Creator: Snyder, Deborah J, Ballard, Elizabeth D, Stanley, Ian H, Ludi, Erica, Kohn-Godbout, Julie, Pao, Maryland, Horowitz, Lisa M
Abstract/Description: As hospital clinicians and administrators consider implementing suicide risk screening on medical inpatient units, patient reactions to screening can provide essential input. This post hoc analysis examined patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the medical setting. This analysis includes a subsample of a larger quality improvement project designed to screen medically hospitalized patients for suicide risk. Fifty-three adult medical inpatients at a clinical research hospital...
Show moreAs hospital clinicians and administrators consider implementing suicide risk screening on medical inpatient units, patient reactions to screening can provide essential input. This post hoc analysis examined patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the medical setting. This analysis includes a subsample of a larger quality improvement project designed to screen medically hospitalized patients for suicide risk. Fifty-three adult medical inpatients at a clinical research hospital provided opinions about suicide risk screening. A qualitative analysis of responses to an opinion question about screening was conducted to identify major themes. Forty-three (81%) patients supported screening medical inpatients for suicide risk. Common themes emphasized asking patients directly about suicide, connection between mental/physical health, and the role of screening in suicide prevention. Adult medical inpatients supported screening for suicide risk on medical/surgical inpatient units. Behavioral health clinicians are uniquely poised to champion suicide detection and intervention in the general medical hospital setting. Patient opinions can be utilized to inform thoughtful implementation of universal suicide risk screening in the medical setting.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27072154, 10.1007/s11414-016-9498-7, PMC5199619, 27072154, 27072154, 10.1007/s11414-016-9498-7
Format: Citation

Title: Semantic Structure in Vocabulary Knowledge Interacts With Lexical and Sentence Processing in Infancy.
Creator: Borovsky, Arielle, Ellis, Erica M, Evans, Julia L, Elman, Jeffrey L
Abstract/Description: Although the size of a child's vocabulary associates with language-processing skills, little is understood regarding how this relation emerges. This investigation asks whether and how the structure of vocabulary knowledge affects language processing in English-learning 24-month-old children (N = 32; 18 F, 14 M). Parental vocabulary report was used to calculate semantic density in several early-acquired semantic categories. Performance on two language-processing tasks (lexical recognition and...
Show moreAlthough the size of a child's vocabulary associates with language-processing skills, little is understood regarding how this relation emerges. This investigation asks whether and how the structure of vocabulary knowledge affects language processing in English-learning 24-month-old children (N = 32; 18 F, 14 M). Parental vocabulary report was used to calculate semantic density in several early-acquired semantic categories. Performance on two language-processing tasks (lexical recognition and sentence processing) was compared as a function of semantic density. In both tasks, real-time comprehension was facilitated for higher density items, whereas lower density items experienced more interference. The findings indicate that language-processing skills develop heterogeneously and are influenced by the semantic network surrounding a known word.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27302575, 10.1111/cdev.12554, PMC5159320, 27302575, 27302575
Format: Citation

Title: In Wrong Anticipation - Miscalibrated Beliefs between Germans, Israelis, and Palestinians.
Creator: Goerg, Sebastian J, Hennig-Schmidt, Heike, Walkowitz, Gari, Winter, Eyal
Abstract/Description: The reconcilability of actions and beliefs in inter-country relationships, either in business or politics, is of vital importance as incorrect beliefs on foreigners' behavior can have serious implications. We study a typical inter-country interaction by means of a controlled laboratory investment game experiment in Germany, Israel and Palestine involving 400 student participants in total. An investor has to take a risky decision in a foreign country that involves transferring money to an...
Show moreThe reconcilability of actions and beliefs in inter-country relationships, either in business or politics, is of vital importance as incorrect beliefs on foreigners' behavior can have serious implications. We study a typical inter-country interaction by means of a controlled laboratory investment game experiment in Germany, Israel and Palestine involving 400 student participants in total. An investor has to take a risky decision in a foreign country that involves transferring money to an investee/allocator. We found a notable constellation of calibrated and un-calibrated beliefs. Within each country, transfer standards exist, which investees correctly anticipate within their country. However, across countries these standards differ. By attributing the standard of their own environment to the other countries investees are remarkably bad in predicting foreign investors' behavior. The tendency to ignore this potential difference can be a source of misinterpreting motives in cross-country interaction. Foreigners might perceive behavior as unfavorable or favorable differentiation, even though-unknown to them-investors actually treat fellow-country people and foreigners alike.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-16
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27311066, 10.1371/journal.pone.0156998, PMC4911115, 27311066, 27311066, PONE-D-15-27349
Format: Citation

Title: Evaluating the dimensionality of first-grade written composition.
Creator: Kim, Young-Suk, Al Otaiba, Stephanie, Folsom, Jessica S, Greulich, Luana, Puranik, Cynthia
Abstract/Description: This study examined dimensions of written composition by using multiple evaluative approaches such as an adapted 6 + 1 trait scoring, syntactic complexity measures, and productivity measures. It further examined unique relations of oral language and literacy skills to the identified dimensions of written composition. A large sample of 1st-grade students (N = 527) was assessed on their language, reading, spelling, letter writing automaticity, and writing in the spring. Data were analyzed using...
Show moreThis study examined dimensions of written composition by using multiple evaluative approaches such as an adapted 6 + 1 trait scoring, syntactic complexity measures, and productivity measures. It further examined unique relations of oral language and literacy skills to the identified dimensions of written composition. A large sample of 1st-grade students (N = 527) was assessed on their language, reading, spelling, letter writing automaticity, and writing in the spring. Data were analyzed using a latent variable approach, including confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The seven traits in the 6 + 1 trait system were best described as two constructs: substantive quality and spelling and writing conventions. When the other evaluation procedures such as productivity and syntactic complexity indicators were included, four dimensions emerged: substantive quality, productivity, syntactic complexity, and spelling and writing conventions. Language and literacy predictors were differentially related to each dimension in written composition. These four dimensions may be a useful guideline for evaluating developing beginning writers' compositions.
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Date Issued: 2014-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24687472, 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0152), PMC3972623, 24687472, 24687472, 1829925
Format: Citation

Title: Examining agreement and longitudinal stability among traditional and RTI-based definitions of reading disability using the affected-status agreement statistic.
Creator: Brown Waesche, Jessica S, Schatschneider, Christopher, Maner, Jon K, Ahmed, Yusra, Wagner, Richard K
Abstract/Description: Rates of agreement among alternative definitions of reading disability and their 1- and 2-year stabilities were examined using a new measure of agreement, the affected-status agreement statistic. Participants were 288,114 first through third grade students. Reading measures were Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Oral Reading Fluency and Nonsense Word Fluency, and six levels of severity of poor reading were examined (25th, 20th, 15th, 10th, 5th, and 3rd percentile ranks). Four...
Show moreRates of agreement among alternative definitions of reading disability and their 1- and 2-year stabilities were examined using a new measure of agreement, the affected-status agreement statistic. Participants were 288,114 first through third grade students. Reading measures were Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Oral Reading Fluency and Nonsense Word Fluency, and six levels of severity of poor reading were examined (25th, 20th, 15th, 10th, 5th, and 3rd percentile ranks). Four definitions were compared, including traditional unexpected low achievement and three response-to-intervention-based definitions: low achievement, low growth, and dual discrepancy. Rates of agreement were variable but only poor to moderate overall, with poorest agreement between unexpected low achievement and the other definitions. Longitudinal stability was poor, with poorest stability for the low growth definition. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2011-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_21252372, 10.1177/0022219410392048, PMC3248271, 21252372, 21252372, 0022219410392048
Format: Citation

Title: Factor structure and utility of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version.
Creator: Spiegel, Jamie A, Lonigan, Christopher J, Phillips, Beth M
Abstract/Description: Executive function (EF) is a domain general cognitive construct associated with a number of important developmental outcomes. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P) is intended to assess 5 distinct components of EF in preschool age children. In this study, a series of factor analyses was conducted with teacher-reported EF of 2,367 preschool students to assess the structure of the BRIEF-P, and the predictive relations between the resulting factors and...
Show moreExecutive function (EF) is a domain general cognitive construct associated with a number of important developmental outcomes. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P) is intended to assess 5 distinct components of EF in preschool age children. In this study, a series of factor analyses was conducted with teacher-reported EF of 2,367 preschool students to assess the structure of the BRIEF-P, and the predictive relations between the resulting factors and children's academic abilities and behavioral self-regulation were assessed to test the construct and convergent validity of the BRIEF-P scores. Results yielded mixed findings concerning the structure of the BRIEF-P and validity of its resultant scores. Results of the factor analyses indicated that the items of the BRIEF-P did not map onto factors in the way that would be expected based on its item-to-subscale mapping. The best solutions were a 4-factor and a bifactor model. The 4-factor solution revealed substantial correlations between factors, and although the bifactor solution identified a General Self-Regulation factor that explained variance in responses across items, this general factor did not account for all of the overlap among specific factors. Analyses of the relations for the factors from the correlated-factors and the bifactor models indicated that the majority of the factors had limited convergent validity with academic ability or with a measure of behavior self-regulation. Overall, these findings call into question the validity of aspects of BRIEF-P. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27148785, 10.1037/pas0000324, PMC5097689, 27148785, 27148785, 2016-22451-001
Format: Citation

Title: Gender and agreement processing in children with developmental language disorder.
Creator: Rakhlin, Natalia, Kornilov, Sergey A, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Two experiments tested whether Russian-speaking children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are sensitive to gender agreement when performing a gender decision task. In Experiment 1, the presence of overt gender agreement between verbs and/or adjectival modifiers and postverbal subject nouns memory was varied. In Experiment 2, agreement violations were introduced and the targets varied between words, pseudo-words, or pseudo-words with derivational suffixes. In both experiments,...
Show moreTwo experiments tested whether Russian-speaking children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are sensitive to gender agreement when performing a gender decision task. In Experiment 1, the presence of overt gender agreement between verbs and/or adjectival modifiers and postverbal subject nouns memory was varied. In Experiment 2, agreement violations were introduced and the targets varied between words, pseudo-words, or pseudo-words with derivational suffixes. In both experiments, children with DLD did not differ from typically developing children in their reaction time or sensitivity to agreement features. In both groups, trials with feminine gender resulted in a higher error rate. Children with DLD displayed lower overall accuracy, which was related to differences in phonological memory in both experiments. Furthermore, in Experiment 1 group differences were not maintained after phonological memory was entered as a covariate. The results are discussed with respect to various processing and linguistic theories of DLD.
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Date Issued: 2014-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23390959, 10.1017/S030500091200058X, PMC4573562, 23390959, 23390959, S030500091200058X
Format: Citation

Title: Gender Differences in Reading Impairment and in the Identification of Impaired Readers: Results From a Large-Scale Study of At-Risk Readers..
Creator: Quinn, Jamie M, Wagner, Richard K
Abstract/Description: Reading impairment is more common in males, but the magnitude and origin of this gender difference are debated. In a large-scale study of reading impairment among 491,103 beginning second-graders, gender differences increased with greater severity of reading impairment, peaking at a ratio of 2.4:1 for a broad measure of fluency and a ratio of 1.6:1 for a narrow measure of decoding. Results from three tests indicate that gender differences in reading impairment are attributable primarily to...
Show moreReading impairment is more common in males, but the magnitude and origin of this gender difference are debated. In a large-scale study of reading impairment among 491,103 beginning second-graders, gender differences increased with greater severity of reading impairment, peaking at a ratio of 2.4:1 for a broad measure of fluency and a ratio of 1.6:1 for a narrow measure of decoding. Results from three tests indicate that gender differences in reading impairment are attributable primarily to male vulnerability rather than ascertainment bias. Correspondence between identification as an impaired reader by our study criteria and school identification as learning disabled was poor overall and worse for girls: Only 1 out of 4 boys and 1 out of 7 girls identified as reading impaired in our study was school identified as learning disabled.
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Date Issued: 2015-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24153403, 10.1177/0022219413508323, PMC3997651, 24153403, 24153403, 0022219413508323
Format: Citation

Title: Examining the factor structure and etiology of prosociality.
Creator: Mikolajewski, Amy J, Chavarria, Jesus, Moltisanti, Allison, Hart, Sara A, Taylor, Jeanette
Abstract/Description: Prosociality is one construct included in the developmental propensity model proposed by Lahey and Waldman (2003, 2005) to explain the development of conduct problems in childhood and adolescence. Findings from previous literature on 2 facets of prosociality, dispositional sympathy and respect for rules, suggest that both may have genetic and nonshared environmental influences, but only the latter may have shared environmental influence. The goal of the current article was to explore the...
Show moreProsociality is one construct included in the developmental propensity model proposed by Lahey and Waldman (2003, 2005) to explain the development of conduct problems in childhood and adolescence. Findings from previous literature on 2 facets of prosociality, dispositional sympathy and respect for rules, suggest that both may have genetic and nonshared environmental influences, but only the latter may have shared environmental influence. The goal of the current article was to explore the structure of the prosociality disposition from a measurement perspective as well as to examine the etiology of this construct. The sample consisted of 686 twin pairs ages 7 to 13. Parents rated their children's prosociality using the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale. The factor structure of the prosociality scale was examined using confirmatory factor analysis to compare a 1-factor model with a 2-factor model. Twin analyses were used to examine the proportion of variance associated with genetic and environmental effects on the latent factor(s) from the best fitting model. Results of the current study suggest that prosociality is a disposition that can be conceptualized as 2 related factors rather than a unitary dimension. These 2 factors map onto the subscales of the prosociality dimension (dispositional sympathy and respect for rules). Both factors had significant genetic and nonshared environmental influences, but only respect for rules had significant shared environmental influences. Examining the dispositional sympathy and respect for rules facets of prosociality separately allowed for the discovery that shared environmental factors may have more impact on respect for rules than sympathy.
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Date Issued: 2014-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24885847, 10.1037/a0037132, PMC4254383, 24885847, 24885847, 2014-22379-001
Format: Citation

Title: Acoustic Measures of Voice and Physiologic Measures of Autonomic Arousal during Speech as a Function of Cognitive Load.
Creator: MacPherson, Megan K, Abur, Defne, Stepp, Cara E
Abstract/Description: This study aimed to determine the relationship among cognitive load condition and measures of autonomic arousal and voice production in healthy adults. A prospective study design was conducted. Sixteen healthy young adults (eight men, eight women) produced a sentence containing an embedded Stroop task in each of two cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. In both conditions, participants said the font color of the color words instead of the word text. In the incongruent...
Show moreThis study aimed to determine the relationship among cognitive load condition and measures of autonomic arousal and voice production in healthy adults. A prospective study design was conducted. Sixteen healthy young adults (eight men, eight women) produced a sentence containing an embedded Stroop task in each of two cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. In both conditions, participants said the font color of the color words instead of the word text. In the incongruent condition, font color differed from the word text, creating an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which font color and word text matched. Three physiologic measures of autonomic arousal (pulse volume amplitude, pulse period, and skin conductance response amplitude) and four acoustic measures of voice (sound pressure level, fundamental frequency, cepstral peak prominence, and low-to-high spectral energy ratio) were analyzed for eight sentence productions in each cognitive load condition per participant. A logistic regression model was constructed to predict the cognitive load condition (congruent or incongruent) using subject as a categorical predictor and the three autonomic measures and four acoustic measures as continuous predictors. It revealed that skin conductance response amplitude, cepstral peak prominence, and low-to-high spectral energy ratio were significantly associated with cognitive load condition. During speech produced under increased cognitive load, healthy young adults show changes in physiologic markers of heightened autonomic arousal and acoustic measures of voice quality. Future work is necessary to examine these measures in older adults and individuals with voice disorders.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27939119, 10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.10.021, PMC6081741, 27939119, 27939119, S0892-1997(16)30302-2
Format: Citation

Title: Sex differences in anxiety and depression: role of testosterone..
Creator: McHenry, Jenna, Carrier, Nicole, Hull, Elaine, Kabbaj, Mohamed
Abstract/Description: Compelling evidence exists for pervasive sex differences in pathological conditions, including anxiety and depressive disorders, with females more than twice as likely to be afflicted. Gonadal hormones may be a major factor in this disparity, given that women are more likely to experience mood disturbances during times of hormonal flux, and testosterone may have protective benefits against anxiety and depression. In this review we focus on the effects of testosterone in males and females,...
Show moreCompelling evidence exists for pervasive sex differences in pathological conditions, including anxiety and depressive disorders, with females more than twice as likely to be afflicted. Gonadal hormones may be a major factor in this disparity, given that women are more likely to experience mood disturbances during times of hormonal flux, and testosterone may have protective benefits against anxiety and depression. In this review we focus on the effects of testosterone in males and females, revealed in both human and animal studies. We also present possible neurobiological mechanisms underlying testosterone's mostly protective benefits, including the brain regions, neural circuits, and cellular and molecular pathways involved. While the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear, both activational and organizational effects of testosterone appear to contribute to these effects. Future clinical studies are necessary in order to better understand when and how testosterone therapy may be effective in both sexes.
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Date Issued: 2014-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24076484, 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.09.001, PMC3946856, 24076484, 24076484, S0091-3022(13)00057-5
Format: Citation

Title: Methodological issues in the use of individual brain measures to index trait liabilities: The example of noise-probe P3..
Creator: Perkins, Emily R, Yancey, James R, Drislane, Laura E, Venables, Noah C, Balsis, Steve, Patrick, Christopher J
Abstract/Description: Recent research initiatives have called for an increased use of biological concepts and measures in defining and studying mental health problems, but important measurement-related challenges confront efforts in this direction. This article highlights some of these challenges with reference to an intriguing measure of neural reactivity: the probe P3 response, a mid-latency brain potential evoked by an intense, unexpected acoustic-probe stimulus. Using data for a large adult sample (N=418), we...
Show moreRecent research initiatives have called for an increased use of biological concepts and measures in defining and studying mental health problems, but important measurement-related challenges confront efforts in this direction. This article highlights some of these challenges with reference to an intriguing measure of neural reactivity: the probe P3 response, a mid-latency brain potential evoked by an intense, unexpected acoustic-probe stimulus. Using data for a large adult sample (N=418), we report evidence that amplitude of probe P3 response to unwarned noise bursts occurring in a picture-viewing task exhibits robust, independent associations with two distinct trait constructs: weak inhibitory control (or disinhibition; DIS) and threat sensitivity (THT). Additionally, we report a selective association for THT with attentional suppression of probe P3 response during viewing of aversive pictures compared to neutral. These results point to separable elements of variance underlying the probe P3 response, including one element reflecting DIS-related variations in cognitive-elaborative processing, and others reflecting THT-related variations in aversive foreground engagement and abrupt defensive reorientation. Key measurement issues are considered in relation to these specific findings, and methodological and statistical approaches for addressing these issues are discussed in relation to advancement of a quantitatively sound, biologically informed science of psychopathology.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27856400, 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.11.012, PMC5222687, 27856400, 27856400, S0167-8760(16)30798-X
Format: Citation

Title: Does Suicidal Ideation Influence Memory? A Study of the Role of Violent Daydreaming in the Relationship Between Suicidal Ideation and Everyday Memory.
Creator: Chu, Carol, Podlogar, Matthew C, Rogers, Megan L, Buchman-Schmitt, Jennifer M, Negley, Jacob H, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: Individuals at risk for suicide experience periods of emotional, enduring, and vivid thoughts about their death by suicide and frequently report violent daydreams about death. Daydreaming is associated with forgetfulness and memory impairments. However, no studies have examined whether suicidal ideation is associated with deficits in everyday memory capabilities and whether violent daydreaming may influence these relationships. This study tested these hypotheses in a sample of 512 young...
Show moreIndividuals at risk for suicide experience periods of emotional, enduring, and vivid thoughts about their death by suicide and frequently report violent daydreams about death. Daydreaming is associated with forgetfulness and memory impairments. However, no studies have examined whether suicidal ideation is associated with deficits in everyday memory capabilities and whether violent daydreaming may influence these relationships. This study tested these hypotheses in a sample of 512 young adults. Self-report measures of subjective everyday memory capabilities, violent daydreaming, and suicidal ideation were administered. Results indicated that suicidal ideation and violent daydreaming were each significantly associated with greater impairments in everyday memory retrieval and everyday memory encoding (i.e., attentional tracking). Furthermore, violent daydreaming accounted for the relationship between suicidal ideation and impairments in everyday memory retrieval and memory encoding. Notably, findings remained after controlling for gender and depressive symptoms, a robust predictor of memory impairments. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26798081, 10.1177/0145445515625189, PMC4956597, 26798081, 26798081, 0145445515625189
Format: Citation

Title: Depressive symptoms in third-grade teachers: relations to classroom quality and student achievement..
Creator: McLean, Leigh, McDonald Connor, Carol
Abstract/Description: This study investigated associations among third-grade teachers' (N = 27) symptoms of depression, quality of the classroom-learning environment (CLE), and students' (N = 523, Mage = 8.6 years) math and literacy performance. teachers' depressive symptoms in the winter negatively predicted students' spring mathematics achievement. This depended on students' fall mathematics scores; students who began the year with weaker math skills and were in classrooms where teachers reported more...
Show moreThis study investigated associations among third-grade teachers' (N = 27) symptoms of depression, quality of the classroom-learning environment (CLE), and students' (N = 523, Mage = 8.6 years) math and literacy performance. teachers' depressive symptoms in the winter negatively predicted students' spring mathematics achievement. This depended on students' fall mathematics scores; students who began the year with weaker math skills and were in classrooms where teachers reported more depressive symptoms achieved smaller gains than did peers whose teachers reported fewer symptoms. teachers' depressive symptoms were negatively associated with quality of CLE, and quality of CLE mediated the association between depressive symptoms and student achievement. The findings point to the importance of teachers' mental health, with implications for policy and practice.
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Date Issued: 2015-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25676719, 10.1111/cdev.12344, PMC4428950, 25676719, 25676719
Format: Citation

Title: Developmental relations between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension: a latent change score modeling study..
Creator: Quinn, Jamie M, Wagner, Richard K, Petscher, Yaacov, Lopez, Danielle
Abstract/Description: The present study followed a sample of first-grade (N = 316, Mage = 7.05 at first test) through fourth-grade students to evaluate dynamic developmental relations between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension. Using latent change score modeling, competing models were fit to the repeated measurements of vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension to test for the presence of leading and lagging influences. Univariate models indicated growth in vocabulary knowledge, and reading...
Show moreThe present study followed a sample of first-grade (N = 316, Mage = 7.05 at first test) through fourth-grade students to evaluate dynamic developmental relations between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension. Using latent change score modeling, competing models were fit to the repeated measurements of vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension to test for the presence of leading and lagging influences. Univariate models indicated growth in vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension was determined by two parts: constant yearly change and change proportional to the previous level of the variable. Bivariate models indicated previous levels of vocabulary knowledge acted as leading indicators of reading comprehension growth, but the reverse relation was not found. Implications for theories of developmental relations between vocabulary and reading comprehension are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2015-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25201552, 10.1111/cdev.12292, PMC4331220, 25201552, 25201552
Format: Citation

Title: The medical complications associated with purging.
Creator: Forney, K Jean, Buchman-Schmitt, Jennifer M, Keel, Pamela K, Frank, Guido K W
Abstract/Description: Purging behaviors, including self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, and diuretic abuse, are present across many of the eating disorders. Here we review the major medical complications of these behaviors. Although we identified over 100 scholarly articles describing medical complications associated with purging, most papers involved case studies or small, uncontrolled samples. Given the limited evidence base, we conducted a qualitative (rather than systematic) review to identify medical...
Show morePurging behaviors, including self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, and diuretic abuse, are present across many of the eating disorders. Here we review the major medical complications of these behaviors. Although we identified over 100 scholarly articles describing medical complications associated with purging, most papers involved case studies or small, uncontrolled samples. Given the limited evidence base, we conducted a qualitative (rather than systematic) review to identify medical complications that have been attributed to purging behaviors. Medical conditions affecting the teeth, esophagus, gastrointestinal system, kidneys, skin, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal system were identified, with self-induced vomiting causing the most medical complications. Purging behavior can be associated with severe medical complications across all body systems. Mental health professionals should refer patients with purging behaviors to medical providers for screening and treatment as needed. The medical work-up for individuals with eating disorders should include a comprehensive metabolic panel, complete blood count, and a full body exam including the teeth to prevent severe complications. Medical providers should screen patients for purging behaviors and associated medical complications, even in the absence of an eating disorder diagnosis, to increase the detection of eating disorders. Recognizing the link between purging and medical complications can aid in identifying potential eating disorders, particularly those that often elude detection such as purging disorder.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26876429, 10.1002/eat.22504, PMC4803618, 26876429, 26876429
Format: Citation

Title: A Quantile Regression Approach to Understanding the Relations Among Morphological Awareness, Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension in Adult Basic Education Students.
Creator: Tighe, Elizabeth L, Schatschneider, Christopher
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the joint and unique contributions of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at five reading comprehension levels in adult basic education (ABE) students. We introduce the statistical technique of multiple quantile regression, which enabled us to assess the predictive utility of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at multiple points (quantiles) along the continuous distribution of reading comprehension. To demonstrate the...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the joint and unique contributions of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at five reading comprehension levels in adult basic education (ABE) students. We introduce the statistical technique of multiple quantile regression, which enabled us to assess the predictive utility of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at multiple points (quantiles) along the continuous distribution of reading comprehension. To demonstrate the efficacy of our multiple quantile regression analysis, we compared and contrasted our results with a traditional multiple regression analytic approach. Our results indicated that morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge accounted for a large portion of the variance (82%-95%) in reading comprehension skills across all quantiles. Morphological awareness exhibited the greatest unique predictive ability at lower levels of reading comprehension whereas vocabulary knowledge exhibited the greatest unique predictive ability at higher levels of reading comprehension. These results indicate the utility of using multiple quantile regression to assess trajectories of component skills across multiple levels of reading comprehension. The implications of our findings for ABE programs are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25351773, 10.1177/0022219414556771, PMC4558398, 25351773, 25351773, 0022219414556771
Format: Citation

Title: Expectations for future relationship satisfaction: Unique sources and critical implications for commitment..
Creator: Baker, Levi R, McNulty, James K, VanderDrift, Laura E
Abstract/Description: Contemporary perspectives on relationship commitment posit that intimates decide whether or not to maintain a relationship based on their commitment to that relationship, and that they base such commitment partially on their current satisfaction with that relationship. Nevertheless, given that ending a relationship requires knowing about both the current state of the relationship and the likely future state of the relationship, we propose that people base their commitment to a relationship...
Show moreContemporary perspectives on relationship commitment posit that intimates decide whether or not to maintain a relationship based on their commitment to that relationship, and that they base such commitment partially on their current satisfaction with that relationship. Nevertheless, given that ending a relationship requires knowing about both the current state of the relationship and the likely future state of the relationship, we propose that people base their commitment to a relationship more on their expected future satisfaction with the relationship than on their current satisfaction with that relationship. Six studies provided evidence for these ideas. Study 1 demonstrated that expected satisfaction is shaped by not only current satisfaction but also several unique indicators of the likelihood of future satisfaction, including anticipated life events, plans to improve the relationship, and individual differences. Then, using a combination of cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal methods, Studies 2 through 6 demonstrated that (a) expected satisfaction was a stronger predictor of relationship commitment, maintenance behaviors, and/or divorce than was current satisfaction and (b) expected satisfaction mediated the association between current satisfaction and these outcomes. These findings highlight not only the need to incorporate expected satisfaction into extent perspectives on commitment, but also the importance of expectations for decision-making processes more broadly. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28368196, 10.1037/xge0000299, PMC5411291, 28368196, 28368196, 2017-14899-001
Format: Citation

Title: Subjective Age and Dementia.
Creator: Jaconelli, Alban, Terracciano, Antonio, Sutin, Angelina R, Sarrazin, Philippe, Raffard, Stéphane, Stephan, Yannick
Abstract/Description: Existing evidence indicates that a younger subjective age is a marker of successful aging, including better health and cognition. Building upon this evidence, it is likely that individuals with dementia might feel older. However, subjective evaluation of age might not be affected by dementia because these individuals tend to be anosognosic and report positive health-related quality of life. Data from two cross-sectional samples from France and the United States were used to compare the...
Show moreExisting evidence indicates that a younger subjective age is a marker of successful aging, including better health and cognition. Building upon this evidence, it is likely that individuals with dementia might feel older. However, subjective evaluation of age might not be affected by dementia because these individuals tend to be anosognosic and report positive health-related quality of life. Data from two cross-sectional samples from France and the United States were used to compare the subjective age ratings of individuals with and without dementia. Results from both samples revealed that individuals with dementia felt younger than their age but did not differ from the controls, even after controlling for sex, chronological age, education, and self-rated health. The present study suggests that there are no large differences in the subjective experience of age between healthy individuals and those with dementia.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28452675, 10.1080/07317115.2016.1187695, PMC5412589, 28452675, 28452675
Format: Citation

Title: Do Undiagnosed Suicide Decedents Have Symptoms of a Mental Disorder?.
Creator: Joiner, Thomas E, Buchman-Schmitt, Jennifer M, Chu, Carol
Abstract/Description: Psychological autopsy studies consistently report that the rate of detected mental disorders among suicide decedents is below 100%. This implies three possibilities: (a) a subset of suicide decedents did not have a mental disorder at the time of death; (b) all suicide decedents suffered from a mental disorder, but some were undetected due to methodological limitations; and/or (c) suicide decedents with an undetected mental disorder displayed significant and perhaps subclinical features of a...
Show morePsychological autopsy studies consistently report that the rate of detected mental disorders among suicide decedents is below 100%. This implies three possibilities: (a) a subset of suicide decedents did not have a mental disorder at the time of death; (b) all suicide decedents suffered from a mental disorder, but some were undetected due to methodological limitations; and/or (c) suicide decedents with an undetected mental disorder displayed significant and perhaps subclinical features of a mental disorder. In this article, we examined these possibilities by evaluating the differences in symptoms and stressors between suicide decedents who were undiagnosed and those diagnosed with a mental disorder at the time of death. We reviewed 130 case studies of community-based suicide decedents originally described in Robins' (1981) psychological autopsy study. Without exception, suicide decedents in Robins' sample suffered either from a clearly diagnosable mental disorder or displayed features indicative of a significant, even if subclinical, presentation of a mental disorder. Undiagnosed and diagnosed suicide decedents did not significantly differ with regards to demographics, violence of suicide method, suicide attempt history, the number and intensity of stressful life events preceding death, and whether their death was a murder-suicide. Although clearly not all who suffer from mental disorders will die by suicide, these findings imply that all who die by suicide appear to exhibit, at minimum, subclinical psychiatric symptoms with the great majority showing prominent clinical symptoms. We conclude with clinical implications and recommendations for future study.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28685838, 10.1002/jclp.22498, PMC5690847, 28685838, 28685838
Format: Citation

Title: Looking behind the score: Skill structure explains sex differences in skilled video game performance..
Creator: Harwell, Kyle W, Boot, Walter R, Ericsson, K Anders
Abstract/Description: Some have explained large sex differences in visuospatial abilities by genetic adaptations to different roles in primitive hunter-gatherer societies and the interaction of innate biological differences and environmental factors. We explored the extent to which variations in behavior and acquired skills can provide alternative accounts for sex differences in the performance of a complex spatially-demanding video game (Space Fortress). Men and women with limited video game experience were given...
Show moreSome have explained large sex differences in visuospatial abilities by genetic adaptations to different roles in primitive hunter-gatherer societies and the interaction of innate biological differences and environmental factors. We explored the extent to which variations in behavior and acquired skills can provide alternative accounts for sex differences in the performance of a complex spatially-demanding video game (Space Fortress). Men and women with limited video game experience were given 30 hours of training, and latent curve analyses examined the development of their ship control performance and behavior. Men had significantly better control performance than women before and after training, but differences diminished substantially over the training period. An analysis of participants' joystick behaviors revealed that initially men and women relied on different patterns of control behaviors, but changes in these behaviors over time accounted for the reduced sex differences in performance. When we controlled for these differences in behavior, sex effects after training were no longer significant. Finally, examining the development of control performance and control behaviors of men and women categorized as initially high and low performers revealed the lower-performing women may have been controlling their ship using an approach that was very different from the men and higher-performing women. The potential problems of analyzing men and women's spatial performance as homogenous groups are discussed, as well as how these issues may account for sex differences in skilled video game performance and perhaps other domains involving spatial abilities.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29847565, 10.1371/journal.pone.0197311, PMC5976164, 29847565, 29847565, PONE-D-17-30687
Format: Citation

Title: When power shapes interpersonal behavior: Low relationship power predicts men's aggressive responses to low situational power..
Creator: Overall, Nickola C, Hammond, Matthew D, McNulty, James K, Finkel, Eli J
Abstract/Description: When does power in intimate relationships shape important interpersonal behaviors, such as psychological aggression? Five studies tested whether possessing low relationship power was associated with aggressive responses, but (a) only within power-relevant relationship interactions when situational power was low, and (b) only by men because masculinity (but not femininity) involves the possession and demonstration of power. In Studies 1 and 2, men lower in relationship power exhibited greater...
Show moreWhen does power in intimate relationships shape important interpersonal behaviors, such as psychological aggression? Five studies tested whether possessing low relationship power was associated with aggressive responses, but (a) only within power-relevant relationship interactions when situational power was low, and (b) only by men because masculinity (but not femininity) involves the possession and demonstration of power. In Studies 1 and 2, men lower in relationship power exhibited greater aggressive communication during couples' observed conflict discussions, but only when they experienced low situational power because they were unable to influence their partner. In Study 3, men lower in relationship power reported greater daily aggressive responses toward their partner, but only on days when they experienced low situational power because they were either (a) unable to influence their partner or (b) dependent on their partner for support. In Study 4, men who possessed lower relationship power exhibited greater aggressive responses during couples' support-relevant discussions, but only when they had low situational power because they needed high levels of support. Study 5 provided evidence for the theoretical mechanism underlying men's aggressive responses to low relationship power. Men who possessed lower relationship power felt less manly on days they faced low situational power because their partner was unwilling to change to resolve relationship problems, which in turn predicted greater aggressive behavior toward their partner. These results demonstrate that fully understanding when and why power is associated with interpersonal behavior requires differentiating between relationship and situational power. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2016-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27442766, 10.1037/pspi0000059, PMC5069702, 27442766, 27442766, 2016-35676-001
Format: Citation

Title: Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neurocognitive predictors of peer, family, and academic functioning..
Creator: Kofler, Michael J, Sarver, Dustin E, Spiegel, Jamie A, Day, Taylor N, Harmon, Sherelle L, Wells, Erica L
Abstract/Description: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in peer, family, and academic functioning. Although impairment is required for diagnosis, children with ADHD vary significantly in the areas in which they demonstrate clinically significant impairment. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms and processes underlying these individual differences. The current study examined neurocognitive predictors of heterogeneity in peer, family, and...
Show moreChildhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in peer, family, and academic functioning. Although impairment is required for diagnosis, children with ADHD vary significantly in the areas in which they demonstrate clinically significant impairment. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms and processes underlying these individual differences. The current study examined neurocognitive predictors of heterogeneity in peer, family, and academic functioning in a well-defined sample of 44 children with ADHD aged 8-13 years (M = 10.31, SD = 1.42; 31 boys, 13 girls; 81% Caucasian). Reliable change analysis indicated that 98% of the sample demonstrated objectively-defined impairment on at least one assessed outcome measure; 65% were impaired in two or all three areas of functioning. ADHD children with quantifiable deficits in academic success and family functioning performed worse on tests of working memory (d = 0.68 to 1.09), whereas children with impaired parent-reported social functioning demonstrated slower processing speed (d = 0.53). Dimensional analyses identified additional predictors of peer, family, and academic functioning. Working memory abilities were associated with individual differences in all three functional domains, processing speed predicted social functioning, and inhibitory control predicted family functioning. These results add to a growing literature implicating neurocognitive abilities not only in explaining behavioral differences between ADHD and non-ADHD groups, but also in the substantial heterogeneity in ecologically-valid functional outcomes associated with the disorder.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27472007, 10.1080/09297049.2016.1205010, PMC6083022, 27472007, 27472007
Format: Citation

Title: Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Effects of Climatic Variables on Dugong Calf Production.
Creator: Fuentes, Mariana M P B, Delean, Steven, Grayson, Jillian, Lavender, Sally, Logan, Murray, Marsh, Helene
Abstract/Description: Knowledge of the relationships between environmental forcing and demographic parameters is important for predicting responses from climatic changes and to manage populations effectively. We explore the relationships between the proportion of sea cows (Dugong dugon) classified as calves and four climatic drivers (rainfall anomaly, Southern Oscillation El Niño Index [SOI], NINO 3.4 sea surface temperature index, and number of tropical cyclones) at a range of spatially distinct locations in...
Show moreKnowledge of the relationships between environmental forcing and demographic parameters is important for predicting responses from climatic changes and to manage populations effectively. We explore the relationships between the proportion of sea cows (Dugong dugon) classified as calves and four climatic drivers (rainfall anomaly, Southern Oscillation El Niño Index [SOI], NINO 3.4 sea surface temperature index, and number of tropical cyclones) at a range of spatially distinct locations in Queensland, Australia, a region with relatively high dugong density. Dugong and calf data were obtained from standardized aerial surveys conducted along the study region. A range of lagged versions of each of the focal climatic drivers (1 to 4 years) were included in a global model containing the proportion of calves in each population crossed with each of the lagged versions of the climatic drivers to explore relationships. The relative influence of each predictor was estimated via Gibbs variable selection. The relationships between the proportion of dependent calves and the climatic drivers varied spatially and temporally, with climatic drivers influencing calf counts at sub-regional scales. Thus we recommend that the assessment of and management response to indirect climatic threats on dugongs should also occur at sub-regional scales.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-29
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27355367, 10.1371/journal.pone.0155675, PMC4927176, 27355367, 27355367, PONE-D-15-52097
Format: Citation

Title: A value proposition for early physical therapist management of neck pain: a retrospective cohort analysis..
Creator: Horn, Maggie E, Brennan, Gerard P, George, Steven Z, Harman, Jeffrey S, Bishop, Mark D
Abstract/Description: Neck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a...
Show moreNeck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a primary complaint of non-specific neck pain from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 were identified from the Rehabilitation Outcomes Management System (ROMS) database at Intermountain Healthcare. Patients reporting duration of symptoms less than 4 weeks were designated as undergoing "early" management and patients with duration of symptoms greater than 4 weeks were designated as receiving "delayed" management. These groups were compared using binary logistic regression to examine odds of achieving Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Separate generalized linear modeling examined the effect of timing of physical therapist management on the metrics of value and efficiency. Patients who received early physical therapist management had increased odds of achieving MCID on the NDI (aOR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.57, 2.56) and MCID on the NPRS (aOR = 1.82, 95 % CI 1.42, 2.38), when compared to patients receiving delayed management. Patients who received early management demonstrated the greatest value in decreasing disability with a 2.27 percentage point change in NDI score per 100 dollars, best value in decreasing pain with a 0.38 point change on the NPRS per 100 dollars. Finally, patients receiving early management were managed more efficiently with a 3.44 percentage point change in NDI score per visit and 0.57 point change in NPRS score per visit. These findings suggest that healthcare systems that provide pathways for patients to receive early physical therapist management of neck pain may realize improved patient outcomes, greater value and higher efficiency in decreasing disability and pain compared to delayed management. Further research is needed to confirm this assertion.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-12
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27405318, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5, PMC4942887, 27405318, 27405318, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5
Format: Citation

Title: Perceived weight discrimination mediates the prospective relation between obesity and depressive symptoms in U.S. and U.K. adults.
Creator: Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina, Daly, Michael
Abstract/Description: Obesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the...
Show moreObesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the United States (1995/1996-2004/2005), were used to examine associations between obesity, perceived weight discrimination, and depressive symptoms among 20,286 U.S. and U.K. adults. Across all 3 studies, Class II and III obesity were reliably associated with increases in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Perceived weight-based discrimination predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time and mediated the prospective association between obesity and depressive symptoms in all 3 studies. Persons with Class II and III obesity were more likely to report experiencing weight-based discrimination, and this explained approximately 31% of the obesity-related increase in depressive symptoms on average across the 3 studies. In U.S. and U.K. samples, the prospective association between obesity (defined using body mass index) and increases in depressive symptoms in adulthood may in part be explained by perceived weight discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27748611, 10.1037/hea0000426, PMC5267562, 27748611, 27748611, 2016-49908-001
Format: Citation

Title: Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations.
Creator: Tybur, Joshua M, Inbar, Yoel, Aarøe, Lene, Barclay, Pat, Barlow, Fiona Kate, de Barra, Mícheál, Becker, D Vaughn, Borovoi, Leah, Choi, Incheol, Choi, Jong An, Consedine, Nathan...
Show moreTybur, Joshua M, Inbar, Yoel, Aarøe, Lene, Barclay, Pat, Barlow, Fiona Kate, de Barra, Mícheál, Becker, D Vaughn, Borovoi, Leah, Choi, Incheol, Choi, Jong An, Consedine, Nathan S, Conway, Alan, Conway, Jane Rebecca, Conway, Paul, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Demirci, Dilara Ekin, Fernández, Ana María, Ferreira, Diogo Conque Seco, Ishii, Keiko, Jakšić, Ivana, Ji, Tingting, van Leeuwen, Florian, Lewis, David M G, Li, Norman P, McIntyre, Jason C, Mukherjee, Sumitava, Park, Justin H, Pawlowski, Boguslaw, Petersen, Michael Bang, Pizarro, David, Prodromitis, Gerasimos, Prokop, Pavol, Rantala, Markus J, Reynolds, Lisa M, Sandin, Bonifacio, Sevi, Bariş, De Smet, Delphine, Srinivasan, Narayanan, Tewari, Shruti, Wilson, Cameron, Yong, Jose C, Žeželj, Iris
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Abstract/Description: People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogen-neutralizing properties. The...
Show morePeople who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogen-neutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup account, holds that these same relationships are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups, who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members. Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the intragroup account than with the intergroup account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (SDO; an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to SDO within the 30 nations.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27791090, 10.1073/pnas.1607398113, PMC5098626, 27791090, 27791090, 1607398113
Format: Citation

Title: Tensile biomechanical properties of human temporomandibular joint disc: Effects of direction, region and sex..
Creator: Wright, Gregory J, Coombs, Matthew C, Hepfer, R Glenn, Damon, Brooke J, Bacro, Thierry H, Lecholop, Michael K, Slate, Elizabeth H, Yao, Hai
Abstract/Description: Approximately 30% of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders include degenerative changes to the articular disc, with sex-specific differences in prevalence and severity. Limited tensile biomechanical properties of human TMJ discs have been reported. Stress relaxation tests were conducted on TMJ disc specimens harvested bilaterally from six males and six females (68.9±7.9 years), with step-strain increments of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%, at 1% strain-per-second. Stress versus strain plots were...
Show moreApproximately 30% of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders include degenerative changes to the articular disc, with sex-specific differences in prevalence and severity. Limited tensile biomechanical properties of human TMJ discs have been reported. Stress relaxation tests were conducted on TMJ disc specimens harvested bilaterally from six males and six females (68.9±7.9 years), with step-strain increments of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%, at 1% strain-per-second. Stress versus strain plots were constructed, and Young׳s Modulus, Instantaneous Modulus and Relaxed Modulus were determined. The effects of direction, region, and sex were examined. Regional effects were significant (p<0.01) for Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus. Anteroposteriorly, the central region was significantly stiffer than medial and lateral regions. Mediolaterally, the posterior region was significantly stiffer than central and anterior regions. In the central region, anteroposteriorly directed specimens were significantly stiffer compared to mediolateral specimens (p<0.04). TMJ disc stiffness, indicated by Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus, was higher in directions corresponding to high fiber alignment. Additionally, human TMJ discs were stiffer for females compared to males, with higher Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus, and female TMJ discs relaxed less. However, sex effects were not statistically significant. Using second-harmonic generation microscopy, regional collagen fiber organization was identified as a potentially significant factor in determining the biomechanical properties for any combination of direction and region. These findings establish structure-function relationships between collagen fiber direction and organization with biomechanical response to tensile loading, and may provide insights into the prevalence of TMJ disorders among women.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-08
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27743627, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.033, PMC5164967, 27743627, 27743627, S0021-9290(16)31040-5
Format: Citation

Title: Examining the Factor Structure and Structural Invariance of the PANAS Across Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.
Creator: Allan, Nicholas P, Lonigan, Christopher J, Phillips, Beth M
Abstract/Description: It is unclear what factor structure best represents the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) from childhood to adulthood. The PANAS structure was examined in a sample of 555 children (M age = 11.66, SD = 1.24), 608 adolescents (M age = 15.45, SD = 1.09), and 553 young adults (M age = 18.75, SD = 1.00). A partially invariant model consisting of Positive Affect, Fear, and Distress factors best represented the PANAS across all age groups, indicating that the underlying constructs are...
Show moreIt is unclear what factor structure best represents the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) from childhood to adulthood. The PANAS structure was examined in a sample of 555 children (M age = 11.66, SD = 1.24), 608 adolescents (M age = 15.45, SD = 1.09), and 553 young adults (M age = 18.75, SD = 1.00). A partially invariant model consisting of Positive Affect, Fear, and Distress factors best represented the PANAS across all age groups, indicating that the underlying constructs are the same across age but that the factors become increasingly interrelated with increasing age.
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Date Issued: 2015-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25975209, 10.1080/00223891.2015.1038388, PMC4609236, 25975209, 25975209
Format: Citation

Title: Expanding the environment: gene × school-level SES interaction on reading comprehension..
Creator: Hart, Sara A, Soden, Brooke, Johnson, Wendy, Schatschneider, Christopher, Taylor, Jeanette
Abstract/Description: Influential work has explored the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) as an environmental moderator of genetic and environmental influences on cognitive outcomes. This work has provided evidence that socioeconomic circumstances differentially impact the heritability of cognitive abilities, generally supporting the bioecological model in that genetic influences are greater at higher levels of family SES. The present work expanded consideration of the environment, using school-level SES...
Show moreInfluential work has explored the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) as an environmental moderator of genetic and environmental influences on cognitive outcomes. This work has provided evidence that socioeconomic circumstances differentially impact the heritability of cognitive abilities, generally supporting the bioecological model in that genetic influences are greater at higher levels of family SES. The present work expanded consideration of the environment, using school-level SES as a moderator of reading comprehension. The sample included 577 pairs of twins from the Florida Twin Project on Reading, Behavior and Environment. Reading comprehension was measured by the Florida Comprehensive Achievement Test (FCAT) Reading in third or fourth grade. School-level SES was measured by the mean Free and Reduced Lunch Status (FRLS) of the schoolmates of the twins. The best-fitting univariate G × E moderation model indicated greater genetic influences on reading comprehension when fewer schoolmates qualified for FRLS (i.e., 'higher' school-level SES). There was also an indication of moderation of the shared environment; there were greater shared environmental influences on reading comprehension at higher school-level SES. The results supported the bioecological model; greater genetic variance was found in school environments in which student populations experienced less poverty. In general, 'higher' school-level SES allowed genetic and probably shared environmental variance to contribute as sources of individual differences in reading comprehension outcomes. Poverty suppresses these influences.
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Date Issued: 2013-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23725549, 10.1111/jcpp.12083, PMC3766464, 23725549, 23725549
Format: Citation

Title: Exploring dimensionality of effortful control using hot and cool tasks in a sample of preschool children.
Creator: Allan, Nicholas P, Lonigan, Christopher J
Abstract/Description: Effortful control (EC) is an important developmental construct associated with academic performance, socioemotional growth, and psychopathology. EC, defined as the ability to inhibit or delay a prepotent response typically in favor of a subdominant response, undergoes rapid development during children's preschool years. Research involving EC in preschool children can be aided by ensuring that the measured model of EC matches the latent structure of EC. Extant research indicates that EC may be...
Show moreEffortful control (EC) is an important developmental construct associated with academic performance, socioemotional growth, and psychopathology. EC, defined as the ability to inhibit or delay a prepotent response typically in favor of a subdominant response, undergoes rapid development during children's preschool years. Research involving EC in preschool children can be aided by ensuring that the measured model of EC matches the latent structure of EC. Extant research indicates that EC may be multidimensional, consisting of hot (affectively salient) and cool (affectively neutral) dimensions. However, there are several untested assumptions regarding the defining features of hot EC. Confirmatory factor analysis was used in a sample of 281 preschool children (Mage=55.92months, SD=4.16; 46.6% male and 53.4% female) to compare a multidimensional model composed of hot and cool EC factors with a unidimensional model. Hot tasks were created by adding affective salience to cool tasks so that hot and cool tasks varied only by this aspect of the tasks. Tasks measuring EC were best described by a single factor and not distinct hot and cool factors, indicating that affective salience alone does not differentiate between hot and cool EC. EC shared gender-invariant associations with academic skills and externalizing behavior problems.
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Date Issued: 2014-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24518050, 10.1016/j.jecp.2013.11.013, PMC4349403, 24518050, 24518050, S0022-0965(13)00250-6
Format: Citation

Title: Exploring how nature and nurture affect the development of reading: an analysis of the Florida Twin Project on reading..
Creator: Hart, Sara A, Logan, Jessica A R, Soden-Hensler, Brooke, Kershaw, Sarah, Taylor, Jeanette, Schatschneider, Christopher
Abstract/Description: Research on the development of reading skills through the primary school years has pointed to the importance of individual differences in initial ability as well as the growth of those skills. Additionally, it has been theorized that reading skills develop incrementally. The present study examined the genetic and environmental influences on 2 developmental models representing these parallel ideas, generalizing the findings to explore the processes of reading development. Participants were...
Show moreResearch on the development of reading skills through the primary school years has pointed to the importance of individual differences in initial ability as well as the growth of those skills. Additionally, it has been theorized that reading skills develop incrementally. The present study examined the genetic and environmental influences on 2 developmental models representing these parallel ideas, generalizing the findings to explore the processes of reading development. Participants were drawn from the Florida Twin Project on Reading, with a total of 2,370 pairs of twins representative of the state of Florida. Twins' oral reading fluency scores from school progress monitoring records collected in the fall of Grades 1-5 were used to model development. Results suggested that genetic influences on the development of reading are general, shared across the early school years, as well as novel, with new genetic influences introduced at each of the first 3 years of school. The shared environment estimates suggest a pattern of general influences only, suggesting environmental effects that are moderate and stable across development.
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Date Issued: 2013-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23294149, 10.1037/a0031348, PMC3758396, 23294149, 23294149, 2013-00029-001
Format: Citation

Department of Psychology (91)	+ -
Florida Learning Disability Research Center (71)	+ -
Department of Biomedical Sciences (64)	+ -
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine (40)	+ -
Program in Neuroscience (22)	+ -

Department of Biological Science (15)	+ -
Department of Geriatrics (14)	+ -
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences (9)	+ -
Florida Center for Reading Research (8)	+ -
Department of Clinical Sciences (7)	+ -
Department of Family and Child Sciences (7)	+ -
Institute of Molecular Biophysics (7)	+ -
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (6)	+ -
Department of Statistics (6)	+ -
School of Communication Science and Disorders (6)	+ -
College of Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)	+ -
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Department of Scientific Computing (3)	+ -
College of Social Work (2)	+ -
Department of Family Medicine and Rural Health (2)	+ -
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National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (1)	+ -
Askew School of Public Administration and Policy (1)	+ -
Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine (1)	+ -
College of Medicine (1)	+ -
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Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science (1)	+ -
Department of Economics (1)	+ -
Department of Geography (1)	+ -
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