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Five-Factor Model Personality Profiles of Drug Users
Title
Five-Factor Model Personality Profiles of Drug Users.
Creator
Terracciano, Antonio, Löckenhoff, Corinna, Crum, Rosa, Bienvenu, O. Joseph, Costa, Paul
Abstract/Description
BACKGROUND: Personality traits are considered risk factors for drug use, and, in turn, the psychoactive substances impact individuals' traits. Furthermore, there is increasing interest in developing treatment approaches that match an individual's personality profile. To advance our knowledge of the role of individual differences in drug use, the present study compares the personality profile of tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin users and non-users using the wide spectrum Five-Factor...
Show moreBACKGROUND: Personality traits are considered risk factors for drug use, and, in turn, the psychoactive substances impact individuals' traits. Furthermore, there is increasing interest in developing treatment approaches that match an individual's personality profile. To advance our knowledge of the role of individual differences in drug use, the present study compares the personality profile of tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin users and non-users using the wide spectrum Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality in a diverse community sample. METHOD: Participants (N = 1,102; mean age = 57) were part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program in Baltimore, MD, USA. The sample was drawn from a community with a wide range of socio-economic conditions. Personality traits were assessed with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), and psychoactive substance use was assessed with systematic interview. RESULTS: Compared to never smokers, current cigarette smokers score lower on Conscientiousness and higher on Neuroticism. Similar, but more extreme, is the profile of cocaine/heroin users, which score very high on Neuroticism, especially Vulnerability, and very low on Conscientiousness, particularly Competence, Achievement-Striving, and Deliberation. By contrast, marijuana users score high on Openness to Experience, average on Neuroticism, but low on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. CONCLUSION: In addition to confirming high levels of negative affect and impulsive traits, this study highlights the links between drug use and low Conscientiousness. These links provide insight into the etiology of drug use and have implications for public health interventions.
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Date Issued
2008
Identifier
FSU_migr_geriatrics_faculty_publications-0027, 10.1186/1471-244X-8-22
Format
Citation
Meta-Analysis and Imputation Refines the Association of 15q25 with Smoking Quantity
Title
Meta-Analysis and Imputation Refines the Association of 15q25 with Smoking Quantity.
Creator
Liu, Jason, Tozzi, Federica, Waterworth, Dawn, Pillai, Sreekumar, Muglia, Pierandrea, Middleton, Lefkos, Berrettini, Wade, Knouff, Christopher, Yuan, Xin, Waeber, Gérard,...
Show moreLiu, Jason, Tozzi, Federica, Waterworth, Dawn, Pillai, Sreekumar, Muglia, Pierandrea, Middleton, Lefkos, Berrettini, Wade, Knouff, Christopher, Yuan, Xin, Waeber, Gérard, Vollenweider, Peter, Preisig, Martin, Wareham, Nicholas, Zhao, Jing, Loos, Ruth, Barroso, Inês, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Grundy, Scott M., Barter, Philip, Mahley, Robert, Kesaniemi, Antero, McPherson, Ruth, Vincent, John, Strauss, John, Kennedy, James, Farmer, Anne, McGuffin, Peter, Day, Richard, Matthews, Keith, Bakke, Per, Gulsvik, A. (Amund), Lucae, Susanne, Ising, Marcus, Brueckl, Tanja, Horstmann, Sonja, Wichmann, H.-Erich (Heinz-Erich), Rawal, Rajesh, Dahmen, Norbert, Lamina, Claudia, Polasek, Ozren, Zgaga, Lina, Huffman, Jennifer, Campbell, Susan, Kooner, Jaspal, Chambers, John, Burnett, Mary, Devaney, Joseph, Pichard, Augusto, Kent, Kenneth, Satler, Lowell, Lindsay, Joseph, Waksman, Ron, Epstein, Stephen, Wilson, James F. (James Flett), Wild, Sarah, Campbell, Harry, Vitart, Veronique, Reilly, Muredach, Li, Mingyao, Qu, Liming, Wilensky, Robert, Matthai, William, Hakonarson, Hakon, Rader, Daniel, Franke, Andre, Wittig, Michael, Schäfer, Arne, Uda, Manuela, Terracciano, Antonio, Xiao, Xiangjun, Busonero, Fabio, Scheet, Paul A. (Paul Anthony), Schlessinger, David, St Clair, David, Rujescu, Dan, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Grabe, Hans, Teumer, Alexander, Völzke, Henry, Petersmann, Astrid, John, Ulrich, Rudan, Igor, Hayward, Caroline, Wright, Alan, Kolcic, Ivana, Wright, Benjamin, Thompson, John, Balmforth, Anthony, Hall, A. S. (Alistair Scott), Samani, Nilesh J., Anderson, Carl, Ahmad, Tariq, Mathew, Christopher, Parkes, Miles, Satsangi, Jack, Caulfield, Mark, Munroe, Patricia, Farrall, Martin, Dominiczak, A. F., Worthington, Jane, Thomson, Wendy, Eyre, Steve, Barton, Anne, Mooser, Vincent, Francks, Clyde, Marchini, Jonathan
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Abstract/Description
Smoking is a leading global cause of disease and mortality. We established the Oxford-GlaxoSmithKline study (Ox-GSK) to perform a genome-wide meta-analysis of SNP association with smoking-related behavioral traits. Our final data set included 41,150 individuals drawn from 20 disease, population and control cohorts. Our analysis confirmed an effect on smoking quantity at a locus on 15q25 (P = 9.45 x 10(-19)) that includes CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4, three genes encoding neuronal nicotinic...
Show moreSmoking is a leading global cause of disease and mortality. We established the Oxford-GlaxoSmithKline study (Ox-GSK) to perform a genome-wide meta-analysis of SNP association with smoking-related behavioral traits. Our final data set included 41,150 individuals drawn from 20 disease, population and control cohorts. Our analysis confirmed an effect on smoking quantity at a locus on 15q25 (P = 9.45 x 10(-19)) that includes CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4, three genes encoding neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits. We used data from the 1000 Genomes project to investigate the region using imputation, which allowed for analysis of virtually all common SNPs in the region and offered a fivefold increase in marker density over HapMap2 (ref. 2) as an imputation reference panel. Our fine-mapping approach identified a SNP showing the highest significance, rs55853698, located within the promoter region of CHRNA5. Conditional analysis also identified a secondary locus (rs6495308) in CHRNA3.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
FSU_migr_geriatrics_faculty_publications-0018, 10.1038/ng.572
Format
Citation
Smoking and the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Title
Smoking and the Five-Factor Model of Personality.
Creator
Terracciano, Antonio, Costa, Paul
Abstract/Description
AIMS: Investigating the association between personality traits and smoking status using a comprehensive model of personality, the Five-Factor Model (FFM). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. Setting Baltimore, MD, USA. Participants Adult elderly Americans (n = 1638). MEASUREMENTS: A self-administered survey on cigarette smoking and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). FINDINGS: Current smokers scored higher than never smokers on neuroticism and lower on agreeableness and...
Show moreAIMS: Investigating the association between personality traits and smoking status using a comprehensive model of personality, the Five-Factor Model (FFM). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. Setting Baltimore, MD, USA. Participants Adult elderly Americans (n = 1638). MEASUREMENTS: A self-administered survey on cigarette smoking and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). FINDINGS: Current smokers scored higher than never smokers on neuroticism and lower on agreeableness and conscientiousness; former smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions. Neuroticism was related to smoking particularly among individuals with low conscientiousness, as indicated by an interaction effect between the two factors. There were no differences on extraversion and openness to experience. At the lower-order facet level, smokers were characterized by inability to resist cravings (high impulsiveness), search for stimulation (high excitement-seeking), lack of perseverance (low self-discipline) and lack of careful consideration of the consequences of their actions (low deliberation). CONCLUSIONS: At the higher-order factor level, this study replicates and extends previous studies using a comprehensive model of personality (FFM). The greater specificity provided by the facet-level analysis appears to explain some of the conflicting results in the literature, and the use of an older sample provides insight especially into the former smokers group. Personality research may lead to a deeper understanding of cigarette smoking and can potentially contribute to policies and programs of smoking prevention and cessation.
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Date Issued
2004
Identifier
FSU_migr_geriatrics_faculty_publications-0039, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00687.x
Format
Citation