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Title: Key Attributes Of Patient Centered Medical Homes Associated With Patient Activation Of Diabetes Patients.
Creator: Bilello, Lori A., Hall, Allyson, Harman, Jeffrey, Scuderi, Christopher, Shah, Nipa, Mills, Jon C., Samuels, Shenae
Abstract/Description: Background: Approximately 24 million Americans are living with diabetes. Patient activation among individuals with diabetes is critical to successful diabetes management. The Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model holds promise for increasing patient activation in managing their health. However, what is not well understood is the extent to which individual components of the PCMH model, such as the quality of physician-patient interactions and organizational features of care, contribute to...
Show moreBackground: Approximately 24 million Americans are living with diabetes. Patient activation among individuals with diabetes is critical to successful diabetes management. The Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model holds promise for increasing patient activation in managing their health. However, what is not well understood is the extent to which individual components of the PCMH model, such as the quality of physician-patient interactions and organizational features of care, contribute to patient activation. This study's objective is to determine the relative importance of the PCMH constructs or domains to patient activation among individuals living with diabetes. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 1253 primary care patients surveyed with type II diabetes. The dependent variable, patient activation, was assessed using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM). Independent variables included 7 PCMH domains-organizational access, integration of care, comprehensive knowledge, office staff helpfulness, communication, interpersonal treatment and trust. Ordered logistic regression was performed to determine whether each PCMH domain was independently associated with patient activation, followed by a final ordered logistic regression that included all the PCMH domains in a single adjusted model. Results: Using the full adjusted model, the odds of patients reporting higher activation scores (PAM) were found to be significant in the domains that represented organizational access (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.31-1.85) and comprehensive knowledge (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13-1.85). Conclusions: Many practices have struggled with the challenge to develop fully functional patient-centered medical homes. In an effort to become more patient-centered, this study aimed to address what factors activated diabetic patients to adhere to diabetes management plan. Understanding these factors can help identify PCMH attributes that practices can prioritize and improve upon to assist their patients in improving health outcomes.
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Date Issued: 2018-01-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000419880900002, 10.1186/s12875-017-0704-3
Format: Citation

Title: The Detroit Young Adult Asthma Project: Proposal For A Multicomponent Technology Intervention For African American Emerging Adults With Asthma.
Creator: MacDonell, Karen, Naar, Sylvie, Gibson-Scipio, Wanda, Bruzzese, Jean-Marie, Wang, Bo, Brody, Aaron
Abstract/Description: Background: Racial and ethnic minority youth have poorer asthma status than white youth, even after controlling for socioeconomic variables. Proper use of asthma controller medications is critical in reducing asthma mortality and morbidity. The clinical consequences of poor asthma management include increased illness complications, excessive functional morbidity, and fatal asthma attacks. There are significant limitations in research on interventions to improve asthma management in racial...
Show moreBackground: Racial and ethnic minority youth have poorer asthma status than white youth, even after controlling for socioeconomic variables. Proper use of asthma controller medications is critical in reducing asthma mortality and morbidity. The clinical consequences of poor asthma management include increased illness complications, excessive functional morbidity, and fatal asthma attacks. There are significant limitations in research on interventions to improve asthma management in racial minority populations, particularly minority adolescents and young adults, although illness management tends to deteriorate after adolescence during emerging adulthood, the unique developmental period beyond adolescence but before adulthood. Objective: The objective of the pilot study was to test the feasibility, acceptability, and signals of efficacy of an intervention targeting adherence to controller medication in African American youth (ages 18-29) with asthma. All elements of the protocol were piloted in a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)-funded pilot study (1R34HL107664 MacDonell). Results suggested feasibility and acceptability of the protocol as well as proof of concept. We are now ready to test the intervention in a larger randomized clinical trial. Methods: The proposed study will include 192 African American emerging adults with moderate to severe persistent asthma and low controller medication adherence recruited from clinic, emergency department, and community settings. Half of the sample will be randomized to receive a multicomponent technology-based intervention targeting adherence to daily controller medication. The multicomponent technology-based intervention consists of 2 components: (1) 2 sessions of computer-delivered motivational interviewing targeting medication adherence and (2) individualized text messaging focused on medication adherence between the sessions. Text messages will be individualized based on ecological momentary assessment. The remaining participants will complete a series of computer-delivered asthma education modules matched for length, location, and method of delivery of the intervention session. Control participants will also receive text messages between intervention sessions. Message content will be the same for all control participants and contain general facts about asthma (not tailored). Results: It is hypothesized that youth randomized to multicomponent technology-based intervention will show improvements in medication adherence (primary outcome) and asthma control (secondary outcome) compared with comparison condition at all postintervention follow-ups (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). The proposed study was funded by NHLBI from September 1, 2016 through August 31, 2021. Conclusions: This project will test a brief, technology-based intervention specifically targeting adherence to asthma controller medications in an under-researched population, African American emerging adults. If successful, our multicomponent technology-based intervention aimed at improving adherence to asthma medications has the potential to improve quality of life of minority emerging adults with asthma at relatively low cost. It could eventually be integrated into clinical settings and practice to reach a large number of emerging adults with asthma.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000433883200011, 10.2196/resprot.8872
Format: Citation

Title: Pockets Of Progress Amidst Persistent Racial Disparities In Low Birthweight Rates.
Creator: Goldfarb, Samantha S., Houser, Kelsey, Wells, Brittny A., Brown, Joedrecka S., Beitsch, Speights Les, Rust, George
Abstract/Description: Racial disparities persist in adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birthweight (LBW), and infant mortality across the U.S. Although pervasive, these disparities are not universal. Some communities have experienced significant improvements in black (or African American) birth outcomes, both in absolute rates and in rate ratios relative to whites. This study assessed county-level progress on trends in black and white LBW rates as an indicator of progress toward more equal birth...
Show moreRacial disparities persist in adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birthweight (LBW), and infant mortality across the U.S. Although pervasive, these disparities are not universal. Some communities have experienced significant improvements in black (or African American) birth outcomes, both in absolute rates and in rate ratios relative to whites. This study assessed county-level progress on trends in black and white LBW rates as an indicator of progress toward more equal birth outcomes for black infants. County-level LBW data were obtained from the 2003 to 2013 U.S. Natality files. Black LBW rates, black-white rate ratios and percent differences over time were calculated. Trend lines were first assessed for significant differences in slope (i.e., converging, diverging, or parallel trend lines). For counties with parallel trend lines, intercepts were tested for statistically significant differences (sustained equality vs. persistent disparities). To assess progress, black LBW rates were compared to white LBW rates, and the trend lines were tested for significant decline. Each county's progress toward black-white equality was ultimately categorized into five possible trend patterns (n = 408): (1) converging LBW rates with reductions in the black LBW rate (decreasing disparities, n = 4, 1 %); (2) converging LBW rates due to worsening white LBW rates (n = 5, 1 %); (3) diverging LBW rates (increasing disparities, n = 9, 2%); (4) parallel LBW rates (persistent disparities, n = 373, 91%); and (5) overlapping trend lines (sustained equality, n = 18, 4%). Only four counties demonstrated improvement toward equality with decreasing black LBW rates. There is significant county-level variation in progress toward racial equality in adverse birth outcomes such as low birthweight. Still, some communities are demonstrating that more equitable outcomes are possible. Further research is needed in these positive exemplar communities to identify what works in accelerating progress toward more equal birth outcomes.
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Date Issued: 2018-07-31
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000440300500056, 10.1371/journal.pone.0201658
Format: Citation

Title: Neighborhood Built And Social Environments And Change In Weight Status Over The Summer In Low-income Elementary School Children.
Creator: Miles, Rebecca, Wang, Yuxia, Johnson, Suzanne Bennett
Abstract/Description: Neighborhoods can provide opportunities for children to maintain a healthy weight or encourage unhealthy weight gain. Which neighborhood characteristics matter most remains poorly understood. We investigated links between neighborhood characteristics and weight change over the summer in children from 12 elementary schools with a high proportion of children from low-income families, in a mid-sized city in the US South. Mixed models and objective measures of height and weight were used. Study...
Show moreNeighborhoods can provide opportunities for children to maintain a healthy weight or encourage unhealthy weight gain. Which neighborhood characteristics matter most remains poorly understood. We investigated links between neighborhood characteristics and weight change over the summer in children from 12 elementary schools with a high proportion of children from low-income families, in a mid-sized city in the US South. Mixed models and objective measures of height and weight were used. Study participants were 2770 children (average age 8.3, range 5.6-12.6 years). Older and female children and those who were already overweight were more likely to gain weight over the summer compared to younger, male, and normal weight children. Overweight children who lived near 2 or more small grocery stores gained less weight than overweight children who lived near 0 (weight change, p = 0.0468; body mass index (BMI) change, p = 0.0209) or 1 store (weight change, p = 0.0136; BMI change, p = 0.0033). Normal weight children living in neighborhoods with more large multifamily buildings gained more weight over the summer, although this association only approached significance. Additional efforts to understand which neighborhood factors have greater significance for overweight compared to normal weight children are warranted.
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Date Issued: 2018-06-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000436496900075, 10.3390/ijerph15061124
Format: Citation

Title: Cystic Fibrosis Kidney Disease: 10 Tips For Clinicians.
Creator: Nowakowski, Alexandra C. H.
Abstract/Description: Increased longevity in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) means that more people are surviving long enough to develop kidney complications. Nephrologists and their colleagues now face a steep learning curve as many of them encounter patients with CF related kidney disease (CFKD) for the first time. This article presents perspectives from a medical sociologist with CF on what renal health professionals should know about people with CFKD. It outlines challenges that people with CFKD as they age,...
Show moreIncreased longevity in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) means that more people are surviving long enough to develop kidney complications. Nephrologists and their colleagues now face a steep learning curve as many of them encounter patients with CF related kidney disease (CFKD) for the first time. This article presents perspectives from a medical sociologist with CF on what renal health professionals should know about people with CFKD. It outlines challenges that people with CFKD as they age, framing these struggles as opportunities for clinicians to help these unique patients achieve and maintain their best possible quality of life.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-28
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000442990600001, 10.3389/fmed.2018.00242
Format: Citation

Title: How And Why Weight Stigma Drives The Obesity 'epidemic' And Harms Health.
Creator: Tomiyama, A. Janet, Carr, Deborah, Granberg, Ellen M., Major, Brenda, Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina R., Brewis, Alexandra
Abstract/Description: Background: In an era when obesity prevalence is high throughout much of the world, there is a correspondingly pervasive and strong culture of weight stigma. For example, representative studies show that some forms of weight discrimination are more prevalent even than discrimination based on race or ethnicity. Discussion: In this Opinion article, we review compelling evidence that weight stigma is harmful to health, over and above objective body mass index. Weight stigma is prospectively...
Show moreBackground: In an era when obesity prevalence is high throughout much of the world, there is a correspondingly pervasive and strong culture of weight stigma. For example, representative studies show that some forms of weight discrimination are more prevalent even than discrimination based on race or ethnicity. Discussion: In this Opinion article, we review compelling evidence that weight stigma is harmful to health, over and above objective body mass index. Weight stigma is prospectively related to heightened mortality and other chronic diseases and conditions. Most ironically, it actually begets heightened risk of obesity through multiple obesogenic pathways. Weight stigma is particularly prevalent and detrimental in healthcare settings, with documented high levels of 'anti-fat' bias in healthcare providers, patients with obesity receiving poorer care and having worse outcomes, and medical students with obesity reporting high levels of alcohol and substance use to cope with internalized weight stigma. In terms of solutions, the most effective and ethical approaches should be aimed at changing the behaviors and attitudes of those who stigmatize, rather than towards the targets of weight stigma. Medical training must address weight bias, training healthcare professionals about how it is perpetuated and on its potentially harmful effects on their patients. Conclusion: Weight stigma is likely to drive weight gain and poor health and thus should be eradicated. This effort can begin by training compassionate and knowledgeable healthcare providers who will deliver better care and ultimately lessen the negative effects of weight stigma.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-15
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000441848000001, 10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5
Format: Citation

Title: Caregiver perceptions of childhood weight: demographic moderators and correlates..
Creator: Miller, D, Johnson, W, Miller, M, Miller, J, Sutin, A R
Abstract/Description: To examine whether ethnicity moderates the association between caregiver characteristics and perceptions of childhood weight and whether these perceptions are associated with their child's obesity status. Caregivers recruited from paediatricians' offices (n = 453) completed a survey about childhood health; nurses weighed and measured the children. Caregivers reported their own weight and height, demographic information about their family and made ratings of healthy weight for children in...
Show moreTo examine whether ethnicity moderates the association between caregiver characteristics and perceptions of childhood weight and whether these perceptions are associated with their child's obesity status. Caregivers recruited from paediatricians' offices (n = 453) completed a survey about childhood health; nurses weighed and measured the children. Caregivers reported their own weight and height, demographic information about their family and made ratings of healthy weight for children in general and for their own child in particular. African American caregivers were more likely to view heavier girls as healthier, but this association held only for lower income families or caregivers with higher body mass index. Hispanic caregivers were more likely to misperceive their own child's weight if either the caregiver or the child had a higher body mass index. Parents who perceived heavier weight as healthier or misperceived their own child's weight were more likely to have a child with obesity. This latter association held regardless of ethnicity. The association between ethnicity and perceptions of healthy childhood weight are complex. The relation between caregivers' perceptions of healthy weight and their own child's obesity status, however, was similar regardless of ethnicity.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26821665, 10.1111/cch.12318, PMC4841719, 26821665, 26821665
Format: Citation

Title: Allostatic Load and Personality: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study..
Creator: Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Dysregulation across multiple physiological systems, referred to as allostatic load, has pervasive consequences for an individual's health. The present study examined whether allostatic load is associated with personality and personality changes during a 4-year follow-up. A total of 5200 participants aged from 50 to 99 years (59.5% women, mean [standard deviation] age = 66.91 [8.88] years) from the Health and Retirement Study provided data on cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune markers at...
Show moreDysregulation across multiple physiological systems, referred to as allostatic load, has pervasive consequences for an individual's health. The present study examined whether allostatic load is associated with personality and personality changes during a 4-year follow-up. A total of 5200 participants aged from 50 to 99 years (59.5% women, mean [standard deviation] age = 66.91 [8.88] years) from the Health and Retirement Study provided data on cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune markers at baseline and personality both at baseline and at 4 years later. Higher allostatic load was related to higher neuroticism (β = 0.03, p = .042), lower extraversion (β = -0.06, p < .001), and lower conscientiousness (β = -0.06, p < .001) at baseline, and to declines in extraversion (β = -0.03, p = .007), conscientiousness (β = -0.04, p < .001), and agreeableness (β = -0.02, p = .020) over the 4-year period, controlling for demographic covariates. A significant quadratic relation between allostatic load and changes in openness (β = -0.03, p = .002) suggested that openness declines when individuals exceed a high level of cumulative physiological dysregulation. No association was found with changes in neuroticism. Allostatic load is associated with personality change across adulthood and old age. The findings indicate that physiological dysregulation across multiple systems challenges personality stability and is associated with accelerated personality traits change.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26716813, 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000281, PMC5481782, 26716813, 26716813
Format: Citation

Title: Asthma 101 for Schools: Successes and Challenges in Transitioning to Online Delivery..
Creator: Nowakowski, Alexandra Catherine Hayes, Carretta, Henry Joseph, Dudley, Julie Kurlfink, Forrest, Jamie R
Abstract/Description: Florida Asthma Program staff worked with evaluators from the Florida State University College of Medicine to assess participation and quality of the American Lung Association's Asthma 101 asthma management education program for school faculty and staff between 2011 and 2014. This included transitioning the program to an online training format for the 2013-2014 school year. Asthma 101 helps school personnel master the basics of asthma physiology and management, with content tailored...
Show moreFlorida Asthma Program staff worked with evaluators from the Florida State University College of Medicine to assess participation and quality of the American Lung Association's Asthma 101 asthma management education program for school faculty and staff between 2011 and 2014. This included transitioning the program to an online training format for the 2013-2014 school year. Asthma 101 helps school personnel master the basics of asthma physiology and management, with content tailored specifically for elementary and secondary educational settings. The program is assessed with questionnaires at multiple timepoints, yielding a quasi-experimental evaluation design. Evaluators reviewed quantitative data from pretests and qualitative and quantitative data from post-program satisfaction questionnaires. Program spreadsheets listing the dates for delivery and number of attendees were also reviewed. Overall, evaluation findings were positive. In the 2011-2012 program year, 16 different course sessions were offered, and more than half of enrolled participants came from Title I schools. A total of 228 people were trained. In the 2012-2013 program year, 19 different course sessions were offered. Enrollment totals (638) and matching pre- and posttest totals (562) soundly exceeded the target metric of 425. At least 170 (27%) of a total of 638 participants could be verified as coming from the target demographic of Title I school faculty and staff. In the 2013-2014 program year, the course was offered online on a rolling basis via the Florida TRAIN course management system. Enrollment remained high and learner outcomes remained consistently strong across all content areas for knowledge and satisfaction. A total of 406 people participated in the training; complete pre- and posttest data were available for 341 of these individuals; and satisfaction data were available for 325. Of the 406 trainees, 199 (49%) reported working for Title I schools. Evaluation yielded very positive results. An overwhelming majority of participants reported finding the course consistently strong across the board and highly impactful for their own ability to help students manage their asthma effectively. Most participants also reported that they would change/improve their asthma management behaviors in the workplace. Recommendations were developed to help expand future program reach.
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Date Issued: 2016-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26870724, 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00011, PMC4734208, 26870724, 26870724
Format: Citation

Title: Weight discrimination and unhealthy eating-related behaviors.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina, Robinson, Eric, Daly, Michael, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Individuals with obesity often experience unfair treatment because of their body weight. Such experiences are associated with binge eating, but less is known about its association with other eating-related behaviors and whether these relations are specific to discrimination based on weight or extend to other attributions for discrimination. The present research uses a large national sample (N = 5129) to examine whether weight discrimination is associated with diet and meal rhythmicity, in...
Show moreIndividuals with obesity often experience unfair treatment because of their body weight. Such experiences are associated with binge eating, but less is known about its association with other eating-related behaviors and whether these relations are specific to discrimination based on weight or extend to other attributions for discrimination. The present research uses a large national sample (N = 5129) to examine whether weight discrimination is associated with diet and meal rhythmicity, in addition to overeating, and whether these associations generalize to nine other attributions for discrimination. We found that in addition to overeating, weight discrimination was associated with more frequent consumption of convenience foods and less regular meal timing. These associations were generally similar across sex, age, and race. Discrimination based on ancestry, gender, age, religion, and physical disability were also associated with overeating, which suggests that overeating may be a general coping response to discrimination. Unfair treatment because of body weight is associated with unhealthy eating-related behaviors, which may be one pathway through which weight discrimination increases risk for weight gain and obesity.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26877216, 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.016, PMC4866877, 26877216, 26877216, S0195-6663(16)30051-4
Format: Citation

Title: Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium..
Creator: van den Berg, Stéphanie M, de Moor, Marleen H M, Verweij, Karin J H, Krueger, Robert F, Luciano, Michelle, Arias Vasquez, Alejandro, Matteson, Lindsay K, Derringer, Jaime, Esko,...
Show morevan den Berg, Stéphanie M, de Moor, Marleen H M, Verweij, Karin J H, Krueger, Robert F, Luciano, Michelle, Arias Vasquez, Alejandro, Matteson, Lindsay K, Derringer, Jaime, Esko, Tõnu, Amin, Najaf, Gordon, Scott D, Hansell, Narelle K, Hart, Amy B, Seppälä, Ilkka, Huffman, Jennifer E, Konte, Bettina, Lahti, Jari, Lee, Minyoung, Miller, Mike, Nutile, Teresa, Tanaka, Toshiko, Teumer, Alexander, Viktorin, Alexander, Wedenoja, Juho, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Abecasis, Goncalo R, Adkins, Daniel E, Agrawal, Arpana, Allik, Jüri, Appel, Katja, Bigdeli, Timothy B, Busonero, Fabio, Campbell, Harry, Costa, Paul T, Smith, George Davey, Davies, Gail, de Wit, Harriet, Ding, Jun, Engelhardt, Barbara E, Eriksson, Johan G, Fedko, Iryna O, Ferrucci, Luigi, Franke, Barbara, Giegling, Ina, Grucza, Richard, Hartmann, Annette M, Heath, Andrew C, Heinonen, Kati, Henders, Anjali K, Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Iacono, William G, Janzing, Joost, Jokela, Markus, Karlsson, Robert, Kemp, John P, Kirkpatrick, Matthew G, Latvala, Antti, Lehtimäki, Terho, Liewald, David C, Madden, Pamela A F, Magri, Chiara, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Marten, Jonathan, Maschio, Andrea, Mbarek, Hamdi, Medland, Sarah E, Mihailov, Evelin, Milaneschi, Yuri, Montgomery, Grant W, Nauck, Matthias, Nivard, Michel G, Ouwens, Klaasjan G, Palotie, Aarno, Pettersson, Erik, Polasek, Ozren, Qian, Yong, Pulkki-Råback, Laura, Raitakari, Olli T, Realo, Anu, Rose, Richard J, Ruggiero, Daniela, Schmidt, Carsten O, Slutske, Wendy S, Sorice, Rossella, Starr, John M, St Pourcain, Beate, Sutin, Angelina R, Timpson, Nicholas J, Trochet, Holly, Vermeulen, Sita, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Widen, Elisabeth, Wouda, Jasper, Wright, Margaret J, Zgaga, Lina, Porteous, David, Minelli, Alessandra, Palmer, Abraham A, Rujescu, Dan, Ciullo, Marina, Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Metspalu, Andres, Kaprio, Jaakko, Deary, Ian J, Räikkönen, Katri, Wilson, James F, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Bierut, Laura J, Hettema, John M, Grabe, Hans J, Penninx, Brenda W J H, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Evans, David M, Schlessinger, David, Pedersen, Nancy L, Terracciano, Antonio, McGue, Matt, Martin, Nicholas G, Boomsma, Dorret I
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Abstract/Description: Extraversion is a relatively stable and heritable personality trait associated with numerous psychosocial, lifestyle and health outcomes. Despite its substantial heritability, no genetic variants have been detected in previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies, which may be due to relatively small sample sizes of those studies. Here, we report on a large meta-analysis of GWA studies for extraversion in 63,030 subjects in 29 cohorts. Extraversion item data from multiple personality...
Show moreExtraversion is a relatively stable and heritable personality trait associated with numerous psychosocial, lifestyle and health outcomes. Despite its substantial heritability, no genetic variants have been detected in previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies, which may be due to relatively small sample sizes of those studies. Here, we report on a large meta-analysis of GWA studies for extraversion in 63,030 subjects in 29 cohorts. Extraversion item data from multiple personality inventories were harmonized across inventories and cohorts. No genome-wide significant associations were found at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level but there was one significant hit at the gene level for a long non-coding RNA site (LOC101928162). Genome-wide complex trait analysis in two large cohorts showed that the additive variance explained by common SNPs was not significantly different from zero, but polygenic risk scores, weighted using linkage information, significantly predicted extraversion scores in an independent cohort. These results show that extraversion is a highly polygenic personality trait, with an architecture possibly different from other complex human traits, including other personality traits. Future studies are required to further determine which genetic variants, by what modes of gene action, constitute the heritable nature of extraversion.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26362575, 10.1007/s10519-015-9735-5, PMC4751159, 26362575, 26362575, 10.1007/s10519-015-9735-5
Format: Citation

Title: Perceived discrimination and personality development in adulthood.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Stephan, Yannick, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Perceived discrimination is common and a significant source of stress that may have implications for personality development across adulthood. In this study, we examined whether experiences with discrimination were associated with maladaptive changes in the 5 major dimensions of personality using 2 longitudinal samples that differed in age and follow-up interval. In the Health and Retirement Study, participants who perceived discrimination increased in their tendency to experience negative...
Show morePerceived discrimination is common and a significant source of stress that may have implications for personality development across adulthood. In this study, we examined whether experiences with discrimination were associated with maladaptive changes in the 5 major dimensions of personality using 2 longitudinal samples that differed in age and follow-up interval. In the Health and Retirement Study, participants who perceived discrimination increased in their tendency to experience negative emotions (neuroticism), decreased in their tendency to be trusting (agreeableness), and decreased in their tendency to be organized and disciplined (conscientiousness). These associations replicated using participants from the Midlife in the United States study. The findings indicate that social pathways, in addition to biological and developmental tasks, are important for adult personality development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2016-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26501729, 10.1037/dev0000069, PMC4941235, 26501729, 26501729, 2015-48441-001
Format: Citation

Title: Personality traits and body mass index: Modifiers and mechanisms..
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: To identify how demographic factors (sex, age, ethnicity) modify the association between personality traits and body mass index (BMI) and to test the extent that diet and physical activity account for the personality-BMI relations. Cross-sectional study with a diverse sample (N = 5150, 50% female, 19% African American, 15% Hispanic). Participants completed a measure of the five major dimensions of personality and reported on their physical activity, diet and food intake behaviour, and height...
Show moreTo identify how demographic factors (sex, age, ethnicity) modify the association between personality traits and body mass index (BMI) and to test the extent that diet and physical activity account for the personality-BMI relations. Cross-sectional study with a diverse sample (N = 5150, 50% female, 19% African American, 15% Hispanic). Participants completed a measure of the five major dimensions of personality and reported on their physical activity, diet and food intake behaviour, and height and weight. BMI and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). High Neuroticism was associated with higher BMI and risk for obesity, whereas Conscientiousness and, to a lesser extent, Extraversion and Openness were protective. These associations were generally stronger among women and older participants; there was less evidence for ethnicity as a moderator. Personality had similar relations with the behavioural factors, and physical activity, diet and regular meal rhythms accounted for approximately 50% of the association between Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and BMI. This study supports the links between personality traits and BMI and suggests that physical activity, more than diet, is a key factor in these associations.
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Date Issued: 2016-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26274568, 10.1080/08870446.2015.1082561, PMC4827155, 26274568, 26274568
Format: Citation

Title: Predicting Later Study Withdrawal in Participants Active in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study for 1 Year: The TEDDY Study..
Creator: Johnson, Suzanne Bennett, Lynch, Kristian F, Baxter, Judith, Lernmark, Barbro, Roth, Roswith, Simell, Tuula, Smith, Laura
Abstract/Description: To identify predictors of later study withdrawal among participants active in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) for 1 year. Multiple logistic regression was used to discriminate 3,042 children active in TEDDY for the first 3 years from 432 children who withdrew in Years 2 or 3. Predictor variables were tested in blocks-demographic, maternal lifestyle behaviors, stress and child illness, maternal reactions to child's increased diabetes risk, in-study behaviors...
Show moreTo identify predictors of later study withdrawal among participants active in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) for 1 year. Multiple logistic regression was used to discriminate 3,042 children active in TEDDY for the first 3 years from 432 children who withdrew in Years 2 or 3. Predictor variables were tested in blocks-demographic, maternal lifestyle behaviors, stress and child illness, maternal reactions to child's increased diabetes risk, in-study behaviors-and a final best model developed. Few demographic factors predicted study withdrawal. Maternal lifestyle behaviors, accuracy of the mother's risk perception, and in-study behaviors were more important. Frequent child illnesses were associated with greater study retention. Demographic measures are insufficient predictors of later study withdrawal among those active in a study for at least 1 year; behavioral/psychological factors offer improved prediction and guidance for the development of retention strategies.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26412232, 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv092, PMC5013835, 26412232, 26412232, jsv092
Format: Citation

Title: Mediation analysis of relationships between chronic inflammation and quality of life in older adults.
Creator: Nowakowski, Alexandra C H, Graves, Katelyn Y, Sumerau, J E
Abstract/Description: This article summarizes exploratory analyses of relationships between chronic inflammation, its physical consequences, and quality of life (QoL). It summarizes key findings from preliminary analyses, and contextualizes these results with extant sociomedical literature to recommend directions for future research. Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were used to explore these relationships. Inflammation was assessed via the biomarker C-reactive...
Show moreThis article summarizes exploratory analyses of relationships between chronic inflammation, its physical consequences, and quality of life (QoL). It summarizes key findings from preliminary analyses, and contextualizes these results with extant sociomedical literature to recommend directions for future research. Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were used to explore these relationships. Inflammation was assessed via the biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined associations between CRP levels and two different domains of QoL: happiness with life in general and happiness with intimate relationships. We used ordinal logistic regression with companion OLS models and Sobel-Goodman tests to assess potential mediation, and also conducted a variety of sensitivity analyses. Findings suggest that mediation pathways for the overall association between chronic inflammation and QoL may differ markedly across particular outcome constructs. Specifically, it shows mediation potential for the clinical sequelae of chronic inflammation in frameworks using happiness as an outcome measure, but not in those using relationship satisfaction. Disability appears to mediate the effect of inflammation by 27 %; chronic pain appears to exert a similar mediation effect of 21 %. Pain and disability linked to chronic inflammation appear to play a small but significant mediating role in the overall reduction in QoL observed among older adults with biomarker evidence of chronic inflammation. We note that these patterns are best framed as dynamic elements of a complex causal fabric, rather than powerful determinants that override other factors contributing to QoL. Hypotheses for further exploration using longitudinal data from the NSHAP are thus offered, pending availability of Wave III data in future years.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-22
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27001461, 10.1186/s12955-016-0452-4, PMC4802844, 27001461, 27001461, 10.1186/s12955-016-0452-4
Format: Citation

Title: Parental Perception of Weight Status and Weight Gain Across Childhood.
Creator: Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina R
Abstract/Description: Parents of children who are overweight often fail to accurately identify their child's weight status. Although these misperceptions are presumed to be a major public health concern, little research has examined whether parental perceptions of child weight status are protective against weight gain during childhood. Our objective was to examine whether parental perceptions of child weight status are associated with weight gain across childhood. Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian...
Show moreParents of children who are overweight often fail to accurately identify their child's weight status. Although these misperceptions are presumed to be a major public health concern, little research has examined whether parental perceptions of child weight status are protective against weight gain during childhood. Our objective was to examine whether parental perceptions of child weight status are associated with weight gain across childhood. Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used to assess parental perceptions of child weight status and to examine changes in researcher measured child BMI z scores across childhood, from 4 to 13 years old. Participants included 3557 Australian children and their parents. Children whose parents perceived their weight as being "overweight," as opposed to "about the right weight," gained more weight (increase in BMI z score) from baseline to follow-up in all analyses. This finding did not depend on the actual weight of the child; the association between perceiving one's child as being overweight and future weight gain was similar among children whose parents accurately and inaccurately believed their child was overweight. Contrary to popular belief, parental identification of child overweight is not protective against further weight gain. Rather, it is associated with more weight gain across childhood. Further research is needed to understand how parental perceptions of child weight may counterintuitively contribute to obesity.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27244811, 10.1542/peds.2015-3957, PMC4845878, 27244811, 27244811, peds.2015-3957
Format: Citation

Title: A Mismatch Between the Educational Pipeline and Public Health Workforce: Can It Be Reconciled?.
Creator: Yeager, Valerie A, Beitsch, Leslie M, Hasbrouck, LaMar
Date Issued: 2016-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27252573, 10.1177/003335491613100318, PMC4869094, 27252573, 27252573
Format: Citation

Title: Parental Estimation of Their Child's Increased Type 1 Diabetes Risk During the First 2 Years of Participation in an International Observational Study: Results From the TEDDY study..
Creator: Swartling, Ulrica, Lynch, Kristian, Smith, Laura, Johnson, Suzanne Bennett
Abstract/Description: This study assessed mothers' and fathers' perception of their child's risk of getting type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the first 2 years of their participation in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. TEDDY parents were informed of their child's increased genetic risk for T1D at study inception. Parent perception of the child's risk was assessed at 3, 6, 15, and 27 months of age. In families with no history of T1D, underestimation of the child's T1D risk was...
Show moreThis study assessed mothers' and fathers' perception of their child's risk of getting type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the first 2 years of their participation in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. TEDDY parents were informed of their child's increased genetic risk for T1D at study inception. Parent perception of the child's risk was assessed at 3, 6, 15, and 27 months of age. In families with no history of T1D, underestimation of the child's T1D risk was common in mothers (>38%) and more so in fathers (>50%). The analyses indicated that parental education, country of residence, family history of T1D, household crowding, ethnic minority status, and beliefs that the child's T1D risk can be reduced were factors associated with parental risk perception accuracy. Even when given extensive information about their child's T1D risk, parents often fail to accurately grasp the information provided. This is particularly true for fathers, families from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and those with no family history of T1D. It is important to develop improved tools for risk communication tailored to individual family needs.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27241873, 10.1177/1556264616648589, PMC4917467, 27241873, 27241873, 1556264616648589
Format: Citation

Title: Feeling Older and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.
Creator: Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Subjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement...
Show moreSubjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Measures of subjective age, cognition, and covariates were obtained at baseline, and follow-up cognition was assessed over a 2- to 4-year period. Only participants without cognitive impairment were included at baseline. At follow-up, participants were classified into one of the three categories: normal functioning, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and dementia. An older subjective age at baseline was associated with higher likelihood of CIND (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 1.09-1.28) and dementia (OR = 1.29; 1.02-1.63) at follow-up, controlling for chronological age, other demographic factors, and baseline cognition. Physical inactivity and depressive symptoms partly accounted for these associations. An older subjective age is a marker of individuals' risk of subsequent cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27436103, 10.1093/geronb/gbw085, PMC5927095, 27436103, 27436103, gbw085
Format: Citation

Title: Prevalence and Factors Associated With Statin Use Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012..
Creator: Adedinsewo, Demilade, Taka, Nchang, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Sachdeva, Rajesh, Rust, George, Onwuanyi, Anekwe
Abstract/Description: The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend statins for adults age ≤75 years who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (IA) and adults age 40 to 75 years with diabetes mellitus and LDL-C 70-189 mg/dl (IA). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and likelihood of statin use among selected statin benefit groups. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012, we examined 5319 adults age ≥20 years...
Show moreThe 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend statins for adults age ≤75 years who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (IA) and adults age 40 to 75 years with diabetes mellitus and LDL-C 70-189 mg/dl (IA). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and likelihood of statin use among selected statin benefit groups. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012, we examined 5319 adults age ≥20 years. We estimated weighted frequencies and prevalence of statin use for adults with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥70 mg/dL), defined as statin benefit group 1 (SBG1); and for adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, defined as statin benefit group 2 (SBG2). We constructed a logistic regression model to estimate odds of statin use in SBG1. Overall, an estimated 38.6 million Americans are on a statin. In adjusted models, uninsured and Hispanic adults were less likely to be on a statin compared with white adults; 59.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.0-66.1) of all adults in SBG1, 58.8% (95% CI: 51.5-66.1) of adults age 40 to 75 in SBG1, and 63.5% (95% CI: 55.6-71.4) of all adults in SBG2 were on a statin. Although the prevalence of statin use has increased over time, Hispanic ethnicity and lack of insurance remain barriers to statin use. Black-white racial disparities were not significant. Our study provides a baseline estimate of statin use in the noninstitutionalized population just prior to introduction of the new guidelines and provides a reference for evaluating the impact of the new guidelines on statin utilization.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27505443, 10.1002/clc.22577, PMC5030167, 27505443, 27505443
Format: Citation

Title: Developing Asthma-Friendly Childcare Centers with Online Training and Evaluation.
Creator: Nowakowski, Alexandra Catherine Hayes, Carretta, Henry Joseph, Pineda, Nicole, Dudley, Julie Kurlfink, Forrest, Jamie R
Abstract/Description: In 2011, the Florida Asthma Coalition (FAC) began offering its Asthma-Friendly Childcare Center (AFCC) training online. This course teaches childcare center employees the fundamentals of effective asthma management. It covers basic asthma physiology, ways to recognize asthma attacks, techniques to help children experiencing attacks, and strategies to create healthy environments for asthmatics. A team of health services researchers evaluated both years of the online training. Evaluators used a...
Show moreIn 2011, the Florida Asthma Coalition (FAC) began offering its Asthma-Friendly Childcare Center (AFCC) training online. This course teaches childcare center employees the fundamentals of effective asthma management. It covers basic asthma physiology, ways to recognize asthma attacks, techniques to help children experiencing attacks, and strategies to create healthy environments for asthmatics. A team of health services researchers evaluated both years of the online training. Evaluators used a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessment. Questions measured knowledge gain and retention, user satisfaction, and implementation of management strategies. Over 650 people from nearly all 67 Florida counties took AFCC training online between 2011 and 2013. Test scores improved by a minimum of 11% points in all program years evaluated. Gains in both knowledge and confidence were substantial and highly significant across years. While individual trainees did forget some content on follow-up, they seemed to retain the specific messages most relevant for their own workplaces. Most trainees also planned to implement multiple management strategies recommended by the training. A large majority of participants rated the training as excellent on all quality metrics, including relevance of content and time efficiency of the online format. Nearly all respondents perceived the training as useful for both providing improved care and fulfilling licensure or certification requirements. Many participants also indicated that their centers would pursue formal certification as AFCCs via the program offered by FAC. The online AFCC course performed strongly in its first years, yielding both high participant satisfaction and substantial improvement in workplace asthma management activity. This training holds promise for introducing and improving multidimensional asthma management strategies at childcare facilities nationwide.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-16
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27014676, 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00039, PMC4792866, 27014676, 27014676
Format: Citation

Title: Utilization of Alcohol Treatment Among HIV-Positive Women with Hazardous Drinking.
Creator: Hu, Xingdi, Harman, Jeffrey, Winterstein, Almut G, Zhong, Yue, Wheeler, Amber L, Taylor, Tonya N, Plankey, Michael, Rubtsova, Anna, Cropsey, Karen, Cohen, Mardge H, Adimora,...
Show moreHu, Xingdi, Harman, Jeffrey, Winterstein, Almut G, Zhong, Yue, Wheeler, Amber L, Taylor, Tonya N, Plankey, Michael, Rubtsova, Anna, Cropsey, Karen, Cohen, Mardge H, Adimora, Adaora A, Milam, Joel, Adedimeji, Adebola, Cook, Robert L
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Abstract/Description: Hazardous alcohol consumption has been frequently reported among women with HIV infection and is associated with a variety of negative health consequences. Treatments to reduce alcohol use may bring in health benefits. However, little is known regarding the utilization of alcohol treatment services among HIV+ women with hazardous drinking. Using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), this study assessed utilization of any alcohol treatment in the past 6 months and performed...
Show moreHazardous alcohol consumption has been frequently reported among women with HIV infection and is associated with a variety of negative health consequences. Treatments to reduce alcohol use may bring in health benefits. However, little is known regarding the utilization of alcohol treatment services among HIV+ women with hazardous drinking. Using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), this study assessed utilization of any alcohol treatment in the past 6 months and performed multivariable logistic regression to determine correlates of receipt of any alcohol treatment. Among 474 HIV+ women reporting recent hazardous drinking, less than one in five (19%) reported recent utilization of any alcohol treatment. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) was the most commonly reported (12.9%), followed by inpatient detoxification (9.9%) and outpatient alcohol treatment program (7.0%). Half (51%) receiving any alcohol treatment reported utilization of multiple treatments. Multivariable analyses found alcohol treatment was more often utilized by those who had social support (odds ratio [OR]=1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00 to 2.83), fewer economic resources (income ≤$12,000 vs. >$12,000, OR=3.10, 95% CI=1.53 to 6.27), higher levels of drinking (16-35 drinks/week vs. 12-15 drinks/week, OR=3.02, 95% CI=1.47 to 6.21; 36+ drinks/week vs. 12-15 drinks/week, OR=4.41, 95% CI=2.03 to 9.59), and those who reported any illicit drug use (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.44 to 5.34). More efforts are needed to enhance the utilization of alcohol treatment. Our findings highlight the unique profile of those who utilized alcohol treatment. Such information is vital to improve treatment delivery to address unmet need in this particular population.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26961420, 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.01.011, PMC4943324, 26961420, 26961420, S0740-5472(16)00043-X
Format: Citation

Title: Maternal residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and birth defects in a 2003 to 2005 North Carolina birth cohort.
Creator: Rappazzo, Kristen M, Warren, Joshua L, Meyer, Robert E, Herring, Amy H, Sanders, Alison P, Brownstein, Naomi C, Luben, Thomas J
Abstract/Description: Birth defects are responsible for a large proportion of disability and infant mortality. Exposure to a variety of pesticides have been linked to increased risk of birth defects. We conducted a case-control study to estimate the associations between a residence-based metric of agricultural pesticide exposure and birth defects. We linked singleton live birth records for 2003 to 2005 from the North Carolina (NC) State Center for Health Statistics to data from the NC Birth Defects Monitoring...
Show moreBirth defects are responsible for a large proportion of disability and infant mortality. Exposure to a variety of pesticides have been linked to increased risk of birth defects. We conducted a case-control study to estimate the associations between a residence-based metric of agricultural pesticide exposure and birth defects. We linked singleton live birth records for 2003 to 2005 from the North Carolina (NC) State Center for Health Statistics to data from the NC Birth Defects Monitoring Program. Included women had residence at delivery inside NC and infants with gestational ages from 20 to 44 weeks (n = 304,906). Pesticide exposure was assigned using a previously constructed metric, estimating total chemical exposure (pounds of active ingredient) based on crops within 500 meters of maternal residence, specific dates of pregnancy, and chemical application dates based on the planting/harvesting dates of each crop. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for four categories of exposure (<10(th) , 10-50(th) , 50-90(th) , and >90(th) percentiles) compared with unexposed. Models were adjusted for maternal race, age at delivery, education, marital status, and smoking status. We observed elevated ORs for congenital heart defects and certain structural defects affecting the gastrointestinal, genitourinary and musculoskeletal systems (e.g., OR [95% confidence interval] [highest exposure vs. unexposed] for tracheal esophageal fistula/esophageal atresia = 1.98 [0.69, 5.66], and OR for atrial septal defects: 1.70 [1.34, 2.14]). Our results provide some evidence of associations between residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and several birth defects phenotypes. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:240-249, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26970546, 10.1002/bdra.23479, PMC4833532, 26970546, 26970546
Format: Citation

Title: Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses.
Creator: Okbay, Aysu, Baselmans, Bart M L, De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel, Turley, Patrick, Nivard, Michel G, Fontana, Mark Alan, Meddens, S Fleur W, Linnér, Richard Karlsson, Rietveld, Cornelius...
Show moreOkbay, Aysu, Baselmans, Bart M L, De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel, Turley, Patrick, Nivard, Michel G, Fontana, Mark Alan, Meddens, S Fleur W, Linnér, Richard Karlsson, Rietveld, Cornelius A, Derringer, Jaime, Gratten, Jacob, Lee, James J, Liu, Jimmy Z, de Vlaming, Ronald, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S, Buchwald, Jadwiga, Cavadino, Alana, Frazier-Wood, Alexis C, Furlotte, Nicholas A, Garfield, Victoria, Geisel, Marie Henrike, Gonzalez, Juan R, Haitjema, Saskia, Karlsson, Robert, van der Laan, Sander W, Ladwig, Karl-Heinz, Lahti, Jari, van der Lee, Sven J, Lind, Penelope A, Liu, Tian, Matteson, Lindsay, Mihailov, Evelin, Miller, Michael B, Minica, Camelia C, Nolte, Ilja M, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis, van der Most, Peter J, Oldmeadow, Christopher, Qian, Yong, Raitakari, Olli, Rawal, Rajesh, Realo, Anu, Rueedi, Rico, Schmidt, Börge, Smith, Albert V, Stergiakouli, Evie, Tanaka, Toshiko, Taylor, Kent, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Wedenoja, Juho, Wellmann, Juergen, Westra, Harm-Jan, Willems, Sara M, Zhao, Wei, Amin, Najaf, Bakshi, Andrew, Bergmann, Sven, Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Boyle, Patricia A, Cherney, Samantha, Cox, Simon R, Davies, Gail, Davis, Oliver S P, Ding, Jun, Direk, Nese, Eibich, Peter, Emeny, Rebecca T, Fatemifar, Ghazaleh, Faul, Jessica D, Ferrucci, Luigi, Forstner, Andreas J, Gieger, Christian, Gupta, Richa, Harris, Tamara B, Harris, Juliette M, Holliday, Elizabeth G, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, De Jager, Philip L, Kaakinen, Marika A, Kajantie, Eero, Karhunen, Ville, Kolcic, Ivana, Kumari, Meena, Launer, Lenore J, Franke, Lude, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Liewald, David C, Koini, Marisa, Loukola, Anu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Montgomery, Grant W, Mosing, Miriam A, Paternoster, Lavinia, Pattie, Alison, Petrovic, Katja E, Pulkki-Råback, Laura, Quaye, Lydia, Räikkönen, Katri, Rudan, Igor, Scott, Rodney J, Smith, Jennifer A, Sutin, Angelina R, Trzaskowski, Maciej, Vinkhuyzen, Anna E, Yu, Lei, Zabaneh, Delilah, Attia, John R, Bennett, David A, Berger, Klaus, Bertram, Lars, Boomsma, Dorret I, Snieder, Harold, Chang, Shun-Chiao, Cucca, Francesco, Deary, Ian J, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Eriksson, Johan G, Bültmann, Ute, de Geus, Eco J C, Groenen, Patrick J F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hansen, Torben, Hartman, Catharine A, Haworth, Claire M A, Hayward, Caroline, Heath, Andrew C, Hinds, David A, Hyppönen, Elina, Iacono, William G, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kardia, Sharon L R, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Kraft, Peter, Kubzansky, Laura D, Lehtimäki, Terho, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Martin, Nicholas G, McGue, Matt, Metspalu, Andres, Mills, Melinda, de Mutsert, Renée, Oldehinkel, Albertine J, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Pedersen, Nancy L, Plomin, Robert, Polasek, Ozren, Power, Christine, Rich, Stephen S, Rosendaal, Frits R, den Ruijter, Hester M, Schlessinger, David, Schmidt, Helena, Svento, Rauli, Schmidt, Reinhold, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Spector, Tim D, Starr, John M, Stefansson, Kari, Steptoe, Andrew, Terracciano, Antonio, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thurik, A Roy, Timpson, Nicholas J, Tiemeier, Henning, Uitterlinden, André G, Vollenweider, Peter, Wagner, Gert G, Weir, David R, Yang, Jian, Conley, Dalton C, Smith, George Davey, Hofman, Albert, Johannesson, Magnus, Laibson, David I, Medland, Sarah E, Meyer, Michelle N, Pickrell, Joseph K, Esko, Tõnu, Krueger, Robert F, Beauchamp, Jonathan P, Koellinger, Philipp D, Benjamin, Daniel J, Bartels, Meike, Cesarini, David
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Abstract/Description: Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with...
Show moreVery few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (|ρ^| ≈ 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27089181, 10.1038/ng.3552, PMC4884152, 27089181, 27089181, ng.3552
Format: Citation

Title: Marijuana use and viral suppression in persons receiving medical care for HIV-infection.
Creator: Okafor, Chukwuemeka N, Zhou, Zhi, Burrell, Larry E, Kelso, Natalie E, Whitehead, Nicole E, Harman, Jeffery S, Cook, Christa L, Cook, Robert L
Abstract/Description: Marijuana use is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), but studies on its effect on HIV clinical outcomes are limited. We determined the association between marijuana use and HIV viral suppression among PLWH. Data came from five repeated cross-sections (2009-2013) of the Florida Medical Monitoring Project, a population-based sample of PLWH in Florida. Data were obtained via interview and medical record abstraction (MRA). Weighted logistic regression models were used to determine the...
Show moreMarijuana use is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), but studies on its effect on HIV clinical outcomes are limited. We determined the association between marijuana use and HIV viral suppression among PLWH. Data came from five repeated cross-sections (2009-2013) of the Florida Medical Monitoring Project, a population-based sample of PLWH in Florida. Data were obtained via interview and medical record abstraction (MRA). Weighted logistic regression models were used to determine the association between marijuana use (past 12 months) and durable viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA value of ≤ 200 copies/milliliter in all measurements within the past 12 months). Of the 1,902 PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, completed an interview, and had a linked MRA, 20% reported marijuana use (13% less than daily and 7% daily use) and 73% achieved durable viral suppression. In multivariable analysis, marijuana use was not significantly associated with durable viral suppression in daily [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 1.33] or in less than daily [AOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.37] users as compared to non-users when adjusting for sociodemographic factors, time since HIV diagnosis, depressive symptoms, alcohol, cigarette and other substance use. In this sample of PLWH receiving medical care in Florida, there was no statistically significant association between marijuana use and viral suppression. However, as the limits of the confidence intervals include effects that may be considered to be clinically important, there is a need for additional evidence from other samples and settings that include more marijuana users.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27398989, 10.1080/00952990.2016.1191505, PMC5226929, 27398989, 27398989
Format: Citation

Title: A value proposition for early physical therapist management of neck pain: a retrospective cohort analysis..
Creator: Horn, Maggie E, Brennan, Gerard P, George, Steven Z, Harman, Jeffrey S, Bishop, Mark D
Abstract/Description: Neck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a...
Show moreNeck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a primary complaint of non-specific neck pain from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 were identified from the Rehabilitation Outcomes Management System (ROMS) database at Intermountain Healthcare. Patients reporting duration of symptoms less than 4 weeks were designated as undergoing "early" management and patients with duration of symptoms greater than 4 weeks were designated as receiving "delayed" management. These groups were compared using binary logistic regression to examine odds of achieving Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Separate generalized linear modeling examined the effect of timing of physical therapist management on the metrics of value and efficiency. Patients who received early physical therapist management had increased odds of achieving MCID on the NDI (aOR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.57, 2.56) and MCID on the NPRS (aOR = 1.82, 95 % CI 1.42, 2.38), when compared to patients receiving delayed management. Patients who received early management demonstrated the greatest value in decreasing disability with a 2.27 percentage point change in NDI score per 100 dollars, best value in decreasing pain with a 0.38 point change on the NPRS per 100 dollars. Finally, patients receiving early management were managed more efficiently with a 3.44 percentage point change in NDI score per visit and 0.57 point change in NPRS score per visit. These findings suggest that healthcare systems that provide pathways for patients to receive early physical therapist management of neck pain may realize improved patient outcomes, greater value and higher efficiency in decreasing disability and pain compared to delayed management. Further research is needed to confirm this assertion.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-12
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27405318, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5, PMC4942887, 27405318, 27405318, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5
Format: Citation

Title: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for HIV Management in the State of Florida: Medical Monitoring Project..
Creator: Kelso-Chichetto, Natalie E, Okafor, Chukwuemeka N, Harman, Jeffrey S, Canidate, Shantrel S, Cook, Christa L, Cook, Robert L
Abstract/Description: The aims of this study were to describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and to assess the relationships between CAM use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA viral load suppression among a sample of persons living with HIV (PLWH) engaged in care in the state of Florida. The Florida Medical Monitoring Project (n = 803) collected repeated cross-sectional data for surveillance of clinical outcomes among PLWH from 2009 to 2010. Past...
Show moreThe aims of this study were to describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and to assess the relationships between CAM use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA viral load suppression among a sample of persons living with HIV (PLWH) engaged in care in the state of Florida. The Florida Medical Monitoring Project (n = 803) collected repeated cross-sectional data for surveillance of clinical outcomes among PLWH from 2009 to 2010. Past-year CAM use specifically for the management of HIV was measured via self-report. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess the effect of CAM use on ART adherence and viral load suppression, controlling for demographic and clinical factors using backwards stepwise deletion of factors with a p-value of >0.25. CAM use was reported in 53.3% (n = 428). In bivariate analysis, CAM use was the highest among those 40-49 years of age (61%; p < 0.05), males (56%; p < 0.01), whites (61%; p = 0.001), and those educated beyond high school (59%; p < 0.05). Among those using CAM, 63% and 37% reported one and two or more CAM modalities, respectively. CAM modalities included biologically based therapies (89%), mind-body medicine/manipulative body-based therapies (30%), spiritual healing (23%), energy therapies (6%), and whole medical systems (6%). In multivariable analyses, any CAM use and number of CAM methods used were not associated with ART adherence. Any CAM use was not associated with detectable viral load (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-1.12; p = 0.20). Those using two or more methods had significantly decreased risk for detectable viral load (aOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.39-0.92; p < 0.02). CAM use was not associated with negative effects on ART adherence. CAM users were less likely to have detectable viral load compared with non-users. Future research should focus on CAM use among PLWH not engaged in HIV care and the longitudinal patterns of CAM use and possible effects of long-term health outcomes.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27631385, 10.1089/acm.2016.0190, PMC5116687, 27631385, 27631385
Format: Citation

Title: Practice-based Research Networks (PBRNs) Bridging the Gaps between Communities, Funders, and Policymakers.
Creator: Gaglioti, Anne H, Werner, James J, Rust, George, Fagnan, Lyle J, Neale, Anne Victoria
Abstract/Description: In this commentary, we propose that practice-based research networks (PBRNs) engage with funders and policymakers by applying the same engagement strategies they have successfully used to build relationships with community stakeholders. A community engagement approach to achieve new funding streams for PBRNs should include a strategy to engage key stakeholders from the communities of funders, thought leaders, and policymakers using collaborative principles and methods. PBRNs that implement...
Show moreIn this commentary, we propose that practice-based research networks (PBRNs) engage with funders and policymakers by applying the same engagement strategies they have successfully used to build relationships with community stakeholders. A community engagement approach to achieve new funding streams for PBRNs should include a strategy to engage key stakeholders from the communities of funders, thought leaders, and policymakers using collaborative principles and methods. PBRNs that implement this strategy would build a robust network of engaged partners at the community level, across networks, and would reach state and federal policymakers, academic family medicine departments, funding bodies, and national thought leaders in the redesign of health care delivery.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27613796, 10.3122/jabfm.2016.05.160080, PMC5030066, 27613796, 27613796, 29/5/630
Format: Citation

Title: Perceived weight discrimination mediates the prospective relation between obesity and depressive symptoms in U.S. and U.K. adults.
Creator: Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina, Daly, Michael
Abstract/Description: Obesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the...
Show moreObesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the United States (1995/1996-2004/2005), were used to examine associations between obesity, perceived weight discrimination, and depressive symptoms among 20,286 U.S. and U.K. adults. Across all 3 studies, Class II and III obesity were reliably associated with increases in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Perceived weight-based discrimination predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time and mediated the prospective association between obesity and depressive symptoms in all 3 studies. Persons with Class II and III obesity were more likely to report experiencing weight-based discrimination, and this explained approximately 31% of the obesity-related increase in depressive symptoms on average across the 3 studies. In U.S. and U.K. samples, the prospective association between obesity (defined using body mass index) and increases in depressive symptoms in adulthood may in part be explained by perceived weight discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27748611, 10.1037/hea0000426, PMC5267562, 27748611, 27748611, 2016-49908-001
Format: Citation

Title: A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study.
Creator: Haghighi, Mona, Johnson, Suzanne Bennett, Qian, Xiaoning, Lynch, Kristian F., Vehik, Kendra, Huang, Shuai
Abstract/Description: Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper...
Show moreRegression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-26
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000381966300001, 10.1038/srep30828
Format: Citation

Title: A Value Proposition For Early Physical Therapist Management Of Neck Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Creator: Horn, Maggie E., Brennan, Gerard P., George, Steven Z., Harman, Jeffrey S., Bishop, Mark D.
Abstract/Description: Background: Neck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. Methods: One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist...
Show moreBackground: Neck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. Methods: One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a primary complaint of non-specific neck pain from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 were identified from the Rehabilitation Outcomes Management System (ROMS) database at Intermountain Healthcare. Patients reporting duration of symptoms less than 4 weeks were designated as undergoing "early" management and patients with duration of symptoms greater than 4 weeks were designated as receiving "delayed" management. These groups were compared using binary logistic regression to examine odds of achieving Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Separate generalized linear modeling examined the effect of timing of physical therapist management on the metrics of value and efficiency. Results: Patients who received early physical therapist management had increased odds of achieving MCID on the NDI (aOR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.57, 2.56) and MCID on the NPRS (aOR = 1.82, 95 % CI 1.42, 2.38), when compared to patients receiving delayed management. Patients who received early management demonstrated the greatest value in decreasing disability with a 2.27 percentage point change in NDI score per 100 dollars, best value in decreasing pain with a 0.38 point change on the NPRS per 100 dollars. Finally, patients receiving early management were managed more efficiently with a 3.44 percentage point change in NDI score per visit and 0.57 point change in NPRS score per visit. Conclusions: These findings suggest that healthcare systems that provide pathways for patients to receive early physical therapist management of neck pain may realize improved patient outcomes, greater value and higher efficiency in decreasing disability and pain compared to delayed management. Further research is needed to confirm this assertion.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-12
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000379459400004, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5
Format: Citation

Title: Parent-Reported Bullying and Child Weight Gain between Ages 6 and 15.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Robinson, Eric, Daly, Michael, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Childhood bullying has long-term negative mental and physical health correlates, including weight gain and symptoms of depression. The purpose of this research is to examine whether bullying in the first year of school is associated with greater weight gain by early adolescence and whether adolescent depressive symptoms mediate this association. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Children (N = 3929) were measured every 2 years; BMI and waist circumference were...
Show moreChildhood bullying has long-term negative mental and physical health correlates, including weight gain and symptoms of depression. The purpose of this research is to examine whether bullying in the first year of school is associated with greater weight gain by early adolescence and whether adolescent depressive symptoms mediate this association. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Children (N = 3929) were measured every 2 years; BMI and waist circumference were available from ages 4 to 15. Parents reported on bullying at age 6. Children reported on their depressive symptoms at ages 12-13. Participants who weighed in the obese category at age 4 had an over 50% increased risk of being bullied in school at age 6. Being bullied at age 6 was associated with excess weight gain between ages 6 and 15, defined as either BMI or waist circumference. Depressive symptoms at age 12 partially explained the association between bullying and increases in adiposity. None of the associations varied by gender. Similar to other forms of peer victimization, bullying early in school is associated with greater weight gain through early adolescence; depressive symptom is one mechanism that contributes to this association.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27710013, 10.1089/chi.2016.0185, PMC5107668, 27710013, 27710013
Format: Citation

Title: Abandoning the Dead Donor Rule?: A National Survey of Public Views on Death and Organ Donation.
Creator: Nair-Collins, Michael, Green, Sydney, Sutin, Angelina
Abstract/Description: Brain dead organ donors are the principal source of transplantable organs. However, it is controversial whether brain death is the same as biological death. Therefore, it is unclear whether organ removal in brain death is consistent with the 'dead donor rule', which states that organ removal must not cause death. Our aim was to evaluate the public's opinion about organ removal if explicitly described as causing the death of a donor in irreversible apneic coma. We conducted a cross-sectional...
Show moreBrain dead organ donors are the principal source of transplantable organs. However, it is controversial whether brain death is the same as biological death. Therefore, it is unclear whether organ removal in brain death is consistent with the 'dead donor rule', which states that organ removal must not cause death. Our aim was to evaluate the public's opinion about organ removal if explicitly described as causing the death of a donor in irreversible apneic coma. We conducted a cross-sectional internet survey of the American public (n=1096). Questionnaire domains included opinions about a hypothetical scenario of organ removal described as causing the death of a patient in irreversible coma, and items measuring willingness to donate organs after death. Some 71% of the sample agreed that it should be legal for patients to donate organs in the scenario described and 67% agreed that they would want to donate organs in a similar situation. Of the 85% of the sample who agreed that they were willing to donate organs after death, 76% agreed that they would donate in the scenario of irreversible coma with organ removal causing death. There appears to be public support for organ donation in a scenario explicitly described as violating the dead donor rule. Further, most but not all people who would agree to donate when organ removal is described as occurring after death would also agree to donate when organ removal is described as causing death in irreversible coma.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0040, 10.1136/medethics-2014-102229
Format: Citation

Title: Facets of Personality Linked to Underweight and Overweight.
Creator: Terracciano, Antonio, Sutin, Angelina, McCrae, Robert R., Deiana, Barbara, Ferrucci, Luigi, Schlessinger, David, Uda, Manuela, Costa, Paul
Abstract/Description: OBJECTIVE: Personality traits underlie maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive and emotional disturbances that contribute to major preventable causes of global disease burden. This study examines detailed personality profiles of underweight, normal, and overweight individuals to provide insights into the causes and treatments of abnormal weight. METHODS: More than half of the population from four towns in Sardinia, Italy (n = 5693; age = 14-94 years; mean +/- standard deviation = 43 +/- 17 years...
Show moreOBJECTIVE: Personality traits underlie maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive and emotional disturbances that contribute to major preventable causes of global disease burden. This study examines detailed personality profiles of underweight, normal, and overweight individuals to provide insights into the causes and treatments of abnormal weight. METHODS: More than half of the population from four towns in Sardinia, Italy (n = 5693; age = 14-94 years; mean +/- standard deviation = 43 +/- 17 years) were assessed on multiple anthropometric measures and 30 facets that comprehensively cover the five major dimensions of personality, using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. RESULTS: High Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness were associated with being underweight and obese, respectively. High Impulsiveness (specifically eating-behavior items) and low Order were associated with body mass index categories of overweight and obese, and with measures of abdominal adiposity (waist and hip circumference). Those scoring in the top 10% of Impulsiveness were about 4 kg heavier than those in the bottom 10%, an effect independent and larger than the FTO genetic variant. Prospective analyses confirmed that Impulsiveness and Order were significant predictors of general and central measures of adiposity assessed 3 years later. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obese individuals have difficulty resisting cravings and lack methodical and organized behaviors that might influence diet and weight control. Although individuals' traits have limited impact on the current obesogenic epidemic, personality traits can improve clinical assessment, suggest points of intervention, and help tailor prevention and treatment approaches.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0033, 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a2925b
Format: Citation

Title: Eyes on the Prize: The Longitudinal Benefits of Goal Focus on Progress Toward a Weight Loss Goal.
Creator: Conlon, Kyle, Ehrlinger, Joyce, Eibach, Richard, Crescioni, A. Will (Albert William), Alquist, Jessica, Gerend, Mary, Dutton, Gareth
Abstract/Description: Past research suggests that focusing on what has not yet been accomplished (goal focus) signals a lack of progress towards one's high commitment goals and inspires greater motivation than does focusing on what has already been accomplished (accomplishment focus). The present investigation extends this research to a longitudinal, important domain by exploring the consequences of focusing on one's goals versus accomplishments when pursuing a weight loss goal. Participants were tracked over the...
Show morePast research suggests that focusing on what has not yet been accomplished (goal focus) signals a lack of progress towards one's high commitment goals and inspires greater motivation than does focusing on what has already been accomplished (accomplishment focus). The present investigation extends this research to a longitudinal, important domain by exploring the consequences of focusing on one's goals versus accomplishments when pursuing a weight loss goal. Participants were tracked over the course of a 12-week weight loss program that utilized weekly group discussions and a companion website to direct participants' focus toward their end weight loss goal or toward what they had already achieved. Goal-focused participants reported higher levels of commitment to their goal and, ultimately, lost more weight than did accomplishment-focused and no focus control participants. Accomplishment-focused participants did not differ from controls on any measure.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0007, 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.02.005
Format: Citation

Title: Genetics of Serum BDNF: Meta-analysis of the Val66Met and Genome-wide Association Study.
Creator: Terracciano, Antonio, Piras, Maria, Lobina, Monia, Mulas, Antonella, Meirelles, Osorio, Sutin, Angelina, Chan, Wayne, Sanna, Serena, Uda, Manuela, Crisponi, Laura, Schlessinger,...
Show moreTerracciano, Antonio, Piras, Maria, Lobina, Monia, Mulas, Antonella, Meirelles, Osorio, Sutin, Angelina, Chan, Wayne, Sanna, Serena, Uda, Manuela, Crisponi, Laura, Schlessinger, David
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Abstract/Description: Abstract Objectives. Lower levels of serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the best known biomarkers of depression. To identify genetic variants associated with serum BDNF, we tested the Val66Met (rs6265) functional variant and conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS). Methods. In a community-based sample (N = 2054; aged 19-101, M = 51, SD = 15) from Sardinia, Italy, we measured serum BDNF concentration and conducted a GWAS. Results. We estimated the heritability of...
Show moreAbstract Objectives. Lower levels of serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the best known biomarkers of depression. To identify genetic variants associated with serum BDNF, we tested the Val66Met (rs6265) functional variant and conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS). Methods. In a community-based sample (N = 2054; aged 19-101, M = 51, SD = 15) from Sardinia, Italy, we measured serum BDNF concentration and conducted a GWAS. Results. We estimated the heritability of serum BDNF to be 0.48 from sib-pairs. There was no association between serum BDNF and Val66Met in the SardiNIA sample and in a meta-analysis of published studies (k = 13 studies, total n = 4727, P = 0.92). Although no genome-wide significant associations were identified, some evidence of association was found in the BDNF gene (rs11030102, P = 0.001) and at two loci (rs7170215, P = 4.8 × 10(-5) and rs11073742 P = 1.2 × 10(-5)) near and within NTRK3 gene, a neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor. Conclusions. Our study and meta-analysis of the literature indicate that the BDNF Val66Met variant is not associated with serum BDNF, but other variants in the BDNF and NTRK3 genes might regulate the level of serum BDNF.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0014, 10.3109/15622975.2011.616533
Format: Citation

Title: Genome-Wide Association Scan of Trait Depression.
Creator: Terracciano, Antonio, Tanaka, Toshiko, Sutin, Angelina, Sanna, Serena, Deiana, Barbara, Lai, Sandra, Uda, Manuela, Schlessinger, David, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Ferrucci, Luigi, Costa...
Show moreTerracciano, Antonio, Tanaka, Toshiko, Sutin, Angelina, Sanna, Serena, Deiana, Barbara, Lai, Sandra, Uda, Manuela, Schlessinger, David, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Ferrucci, Luigi, Costa, Paul
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Abstract/Description: BACKGROUND: Independent of temporal circumstances, some individuals have greater susceptibility to depressive affects, such as feelings of guilt, sadness, hopelessness, and loneliness. Identifying the genetic variants that contribute to these individual differences can point to biological pathways etiologically involved in psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Genome-wide association scans for the depression scale of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory in community-based samples from a...
Show moreBACKGROUND: Independent of temporal circumstances, some individuals have greater susceptibility to depressive affects, such as feelings of guilt, sadness, hopelessness, and loneliness. Identifying the genetic variants that contribute to these individual differences can point to biological pathways etiologically involved in psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Genome-wide association scans for the depression scale of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory in community-based samples from a genetically homogeneous area of Sardinia, Italy (n = 3972) and from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging in the United States (n = 839). RESULTS: Meta-analytic results for genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms indicate that the strongest association signals for trait depression were found in RORA (rs12912233; p = 6 × 10⁻⁷·), a gene involved in circadian rhythm. A plausible biological association was also found with single nucleotide polymorphisms within GRM8 (rs17864092; p = 5 × 10⁻⁶), a metabotropic receptor for glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest shared genetic basis underlying the continuum from personality traits to psychopathology.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0023, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.030
Format: Citation

Title: First 200 Robotic General Surgery Cases in a Community Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Creator: Oviedo, Rodolfo, Brownstein, Naomi, Smith, SchMiyah, Robertson, Jarrod, Nair-Collins, Sangeeta
Abstract/Description: Background and Objectives: A retrospective series and learning curve of the first 101 robotic general surgery cases from a single surgeon in a small community hospital has been previously reported. This study serves as a continuation and offers a more detailed statistical analysis while demonstrating the efficacy and safety of a general surgery robotics program in a community hospital with quality assessment measures. Methods: Measurements included total operative time, console time,...
Show moreBackground and Objectives: A retrospective series and learning curve of the first 101 robotic general surgery cases from a single surgeon in a small community hospital has been previously reported. This study serves as a continuation and offers a more detailed statistical analysis while demonstrating the efficacy and safety of a general surgery robotics program in a community hospital with quality assessment measures. Methods: Measurements included total operative time, console time, conversion rates, complications, surgical site infections, surgical site occurrences, length of stay, and patient demographics. Descriptive statistics were included for all variables. Linear regression was used to test the hypothesis of a learning curve, reflected by a decrease in console time with experience. Results: Between March 2014 and February 2017, 200 robotic general surgery cases were performed by a single surgeon in a 266-bed community hospital, including laparoscopic cholecystectomies; ventral, incisional, and umbilical hernia repairs; colorectal; foregut and bariatric; inguinal hernia repairs; and miscellaneous procedures. One hundred and ninety-eight of the cases (99%) were completed robotically. Thirteen patients were readmitted within 30 days, and 21 had complications (11%). There were no mortalities, and all complications were resolved positively. The mean operative and console times of all 200 cases were 214.8 and 105.7 minutes, respectively. Decreased console time was significantly associated with increasing case load, even after controlling for surgery type. Conclusion: With increased operative volume, general surgeons who utilize the robotic platform can improve operative outcomes, decrease operative times and perform increasingly complicated procedures while maintaining low complication rates.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536177251_40501fac
Format: Citation

Title: Factors associated with longitudinal food record compliance in a paediatric cohort study.
Creator: Yang, Jimin, Lynch, Kristian F., Uusitalo, Ulla M., Foterek, Kristina, Hummel, Sandra, Silvis, Katherine, Aronsson, Carin Andren, Riikonen, Anne, Rewers, Marian, She, Jin-Xiong,...
Show moreYang, Jimin, Lynch, Kristian F., Uusitalo, Ulla M., Foterek, Kristina, Hummel, Sandra, Silvis, Katherine, Aronsson, Carin Andren, Riikonen, Anne, Rewers, Marian, She, Jin-Xiong, Ziegler, Anette G., Simell, Olli G., Toppari, Jorma, Hagopian, William A., Lernmark, Ake, Akolkar, Beena, Krischer, Jeffrey P., Norris, Jill M., Virtanen, Suvi M., Johnson, Suzanne B.
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Abstract/Description: Objective Non-compliance with food record submission can induce bias in nutritional epidemiological analysis and make it difficult to draw inference from study findings. We examined the impact of demographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors on such non-compliance during the first 3 years of participation in a multidisciplinary prospective paediatric study. Design The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study collects a 3 d food record quarterly during the first year...
Show moreObjective Non-compliance with food record submission can induce bias in nutritional epidemiological analysis and make it difficult to draw inference from study findings. We examined the impact of demographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors on such non-compliance during the first 3 years of participation in a multidisciplinary prospective paediatric study. Design The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study collects a 3 d food record quarterly during the first year of life and semi-annually thereafter. High compliance with food record completion was defined as the participating families submitting one or more days of food record at every scheduled clinic visit. Setting Three centres in the USA (Colorado, Georgia/Florida and Washington) and three in Europe (Finland, Germany and Sweden). Subjects Families who finished the first 3 years of TEDDY participation (n 8096). Results High compliance was associated with having a single child, older maternal age, higher maternal education and father responding to study questionnaires. Families showing poor compliance were more likely to be living far from the study centres, from ethnic minority groups, living in a crowded household and not attending clinic visits regularly. Postpartum depression, maternal smoking behaviour and mother working outside the home were also independently associated with poor compliance. Conclusions These findings identified specific groups for targeted strategies to encourage completion of food records, thereby reducing potential bias in multidisciplinary collaborative research.
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Date Issued: 2016-04
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000372820100005, 10.1017/S1368980015001883
Format: Citation

Title: Fear, Anger, Fruits, and Veggies: Interactive Effects of Emotion and Message Framing on Health Behavior.
Creator: Gerend, Mary, Maner, Jon
Abstract/Description: Objective: Message framing is a theoretically grounded health communication strategy designed to motivate action by emphasizing the benefits of engaging in a particular behavior (gains) or the costs of failing to engage in the behavior (losses). This study investigated whether the effectiveness of a framed message depends on the emotional state of the message recipient. We examined effects of fear versus anger, emotions that frequently occur within the context of health decision-making....
Show moreObjective: Message framing is a theoretically grounded health communication strategy designed to motivate action by emphasizing the benefits of engaging in a particular behavior (gains) or the costs of failing to engage in the behavior (losses). This study investigated whether the effectiveness of a framed message depends on the emotional state of the message recipient. We examined effects of fear versus anger, emotions that frequently occur within the context of health decision-making. Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 133) were randomly assigned to complete a fear or anger induction task after which they read a gain- or loss-framed pamphlet promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Fruit and vegetable intake (servings per day) was subsequently assessed over the following two weeks. Results: As predicted, a significant frame by emotion interaction was observed, such that participants in the fear condition reported eating more servings of fruits and vegetables after exposure to a loss-framed message than to a gain-framed message. In contrast, participants in the anger condition reported eating (marginally) more servings of fruits and vegetables after exposure to a gain-framed message than to a loss-framed message. That is, greater increases in fruit and vegetable intake from baseline to follow-up were observed when frame was matched to participants' emotional state than when it was mismatched. Conclusion: The effectiveness of framed health communications depends on the message recipient's current emotional state. Affective factors that are incidental to the behavior recommended in a health communication can affect the relative success of gain- and loss-framed appeals.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0006, 10.1037/a0021981
Format: Citation

Title: Macros to Conduct Tests of Multimodality in SAS.
Creator: Neville, Zacharia, Brownstein, Naomi
Abstract/Description: The Dip Test of Unimodality and Silverman's Critical Bandwidth Test are two popular tests to determine if an unknown density contains more than one mode. While the tests can be easily run in R, they are not included in SAS software. We provide implementations of the Dip Test and Silverman Test as macros in the SAS software, capitalizing on the capability of SAS to execute R code internally. Descriptions of the macro parameters, installation steps, and sample macro calls are provided, along...
Show moreThe Dip Test of Unimodality and Silverman's Critical Bandwidth Test are two popular tests to determine if an unknown density contains more than one mode. While the tests can be easily run in R, they are not included in SAS software. We provide implementations of the Dip Test and Silverman Test as macros in the SAS software, capitalizing on the capability of SAS to execute R code internally. Descriptions of the macro parameters, installation steps, and sample macro calls are provided, along with an appendix for troubleshooting. We illustrate the use of the macros on data simulated from one or more Gaussian distributions as well as on the famous iris dataset.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536176489_9919aa26, 10.1080/00949655.2018.1509979
Format: Citation

Title: Hypothalamic-Pituitary Function in Brain Death: A Review.
Creator: Nair-Collins, Michael, Northrup, Jesse, Olcese, James
Abstract/Description: The Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) states that an individual is dead when "all functions of the entire brain" have ceased irreversibly. However, it has been questioned whether some functions of the hypothalamus, particularly osmoregulation, can continue after the clinical diagnosis of brain death (BD). In order to learn whether parts of the hypothalamus can continue to function after the diagnosis of BD, we performed 2 separate systematic searches of the MEDLINE database,...
Show moreThe Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) states that an individual is dead when "all functions of the entire brain" have ceased irreversibly. However, it has been questioned whether some functions of the hypothalamus, particularly osmoregulation, can continue after the clinical diagnosis of brain death (BD). In order to learn whether parts of the hypothalamus can continue to function after the diagnosis of BD, we performed 2 separate systematic searches of the MEDLINE database, corresponding to the functions of the posterior and anterior pituitary. No meta-analysis is possible due to nonuniformity in the clinical literature. However, some modest generalizations can reasonably be drawn from a narrative review and from anatomic considerations that explain why these findings should be expected. We found evidence suggesting the preservation of hypothalamic function, including secretion of hypophysiotropic hormones, responsiveness to anterior pituitary stimulation, and osmoregulation, in a substantial proportion of patients declared dead by neurological criteria. We discuss several possible explanations for these findings. We conclude by suggesting that additional clinical research with strict inclusion criteria is necessary and further that a more nuanced and forthright public dialogue is needed, particularly since standard diagnostic practices and the UDDA may not be entirely in accord.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0041, 10.1177/0885066614527410
Format: Citation

Title: Incidence Of Diabetes Mellitus And Obesity And The Overlap Of Comorbidities In Hiv Plus Hispanics Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.
Creator: Gomes, Angelina, Reyes, Emily V., Garduno, L. Sergio, Rojas, Rita, Mir Mesejo, Geraldine, Del Rosario, Eliza, Jose, Lina, Javier, Carmen, Vaughan, Catherine, Donastorg, Yeycy,...
Show moreGomes, Angelina, Reyes, Emily V., Garduno, L. Sergio, Rojas, Rita, Mir Mesejo, Geraldine, Del Rosario, Eliza, Jose, Lina, Javier, Carmen, Vaughan, Catherine, Donastorg, Yeycy, Hammer, Scott, Brudney, Karen, Taylor, Barbara S.
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Abstract/Description: Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading health threat for HIV+ patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART); cardiometabolic comorbidities are key predictors of risk. Data are limited on incidence of metabolic comorbidities in HIV+ individuals initiating ART in low and middle income countries (LMICs), particularly for Hispanics. We examined incidence of diabetes and obesity in a prospective cohort of those initiating ART in the Dominican Republic. Methods Participants >= 18 years,...
Show moreBackground Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading health threat for HIV+ patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART); cardiometabolic comorbidities are key predictors of risk. Data are limited on incidence of metabolic comorbidities in HIV+ individuals initiating ART in low and middle income countries (LMICs), particularly for Hispanics. We examined incidence of diabetes and obesity in a prospective cohort of those initiating ART in the Dominican Republic. Methods Participants >= 18 years, initiating ART <90 days prior to study enrollment, were examined for incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes mellitus (DM), overweight, and obesity. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 100-125mg/dl defined IFG; FPG >= 126 mg/dl, diagnosis per medical record, or use of hypoglycemic medication defined DM. Overweight and obesity were BMI 25-30 and >= 30kg/m2, respectively. Dyslipidemia was total cholesterol >= 240mg/dl or use of lipid-lowering medication. Framingham risk equation was used to determine ten-year CVD risk at the end of observation. Results Of 153 initiating ART, 8 (6%) had DM and 23 (16%) had IFG at baseline, 6 developed DM (28/1000 person-years follow up [PYFU]) and 46 developed IFG (329/1000 PYFU). At baseline, 24 (18%) were obese and 36 (27%) were overweight, 15 became obese (69/1000 PYFU) and 22 became overweight (163/1000 PYFU). Median observation periods for the diabetes and obesity analyses were 23.5 months and 24.3 months, respectively. Increased CVD risk (>= 10% 10-year Framingham risk score) was present for 13% of the cohort; 79% of the cohort had >= 1 cardiometabolic comorbidity, 48% had >= 2, and 13% had all three. Conclusions In this Hispanic cohort in an LMIC, incidences of IFG/DM and overweight/obesity were similar to or higher than that found in high income countries, and cardiometabolic disorders affected three-quarters of those initiating ART. Care models incorporating cardiovascular risk reduction into HIV treatment programs are needed to prevent CVD-associated mortality in this vulnerable population.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-10
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000381380400055, 10.1371/journal.pone.0160797
Format: Citation

Title: High Neuroticism and Low Conscientiousness Are Associated with Interleukin-6.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina, Terracciano, Antonio, Deiana, Barbara, Naitza, Silvia, Ferrucci, Luigi, Uda, Manuela, Schlessinger, David, Costa, Paul
Abstract/Description: BACKGROUND: High Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness are frequently implicated in health-risk behaviors, such as smoking and overeating, as well as health outcomes, including mortality. Their associations with physiological markers of morbidity and mortality, such as inflammation, are less well documented. The present research examines the association between the five major dimensions of personality and interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine often elevated in patients with...
Show moreBACKGROUND: High Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness are frequently implicated in health-risk behaviors, such as smoking and overeating, as well as health outcomes, including mortality. Their associations with physiological markers of morbidity and mortality, such as inflammation, are less well documented. The present research examines the association between the five major dimensions of personality and interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine often elevated in patients with chronic morbidity and frailty. METHOD: A population-based sample (n=4923) from four towns in Sardinia, Italy, had their levels of IL-6 measured and completed a comprehensive personality questionnaire, the NEO-PI-R. Analyses controlled for factors known to have an effect on IL-6: age; sex; smoking; weight; aspirin use; disease burden. RESULTS: High Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness were both associated with higher levels of IL-6. The findings remained significant after controlling for the relevant covariates. Similar results were found for C-reactive protein, a related marker of chronic inflammation. Further, smoking and weight partially mediated the association between impulsivity-related traits and higher IL-6 levels. Finally, logistic regressions revealed that participants either in the top 10% of the distribution of Neuroticism or the bottom 10% of conscientiousness had an approximately 40% greater risk of exceeding clinically relevant thresholds of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the literature on personality and self-reported health, individuals high on Neuroticism or low on Conscientiousness show elevated levels of this inflammatory cytokine. Identifying critical medical biomarkers associated with personality may help to elucidate the physiological mechanisms responsible for the observed connections between personality traits and physical health.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0026, 10.1017/S0033291709992029
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Title: Impulsivity-Related Traits Are Associated with Higher White Blood Cell Counts.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina, Milaneschi, Yuri, Cannas, Alessandra, Ferrucci, Luigi, Uda, Manuela, Schlessinger, David, Zonderman, Alan, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: A chronically elevated white blood cell (WBC) count is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The present research tests whether facets of impulsivity-impulsiveness, excitement-seeking, self-discipline, and deliberation-are associated with chronically elevated WBC counts. Community-dwelling participants (N = 5,652) from Sardinia, Italy, completed a standard personality questionnaire and provided blood samples concurrently and again 3 years later. Higher scores on impulsivity, in...
Show moreA chronically elevated white blood cell (WBC) count is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The present research tests whether facets of impulsivity-impulsiveness, excitement-seeking, self-discipline, and deliberation-are associated with chronically elevated WBC counts. Community-dwelling participants (N = 5,652) from Sardinia, Italy, completed a standard personality questionnaire and provided blood samples concurrently and again 3 years later. Higher scores on impulsivity, in particular impulsiveness and excitement-seeking, were related to higher total WBC counts and higher lymphocyte counts at both time points. Impulsiveness was a predictor of chronic inflammation: for every standard deviation difference in this trait, there was an almost 25% higher risk of elevated WBC counts at both time points (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.10-1.38). These associations were mediated, in part, by smoking and body mass index. The findings demonstrate that links between psychological processes and immunity are not limited to acute stressors; stable personality dispositions are associated with a chronic inflammatory state.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0013, 10.1007/s10865-011-9390-0
Format: Citation

Title: HIV Screening Rates among Medicaid Enrollees Diagnosed with Other Sexually Transmitted Infections.
Creator: Adekeye, Oluwatoyosi A., Abara, Winston E., Xu, Junjun, Lee, Joel M., Rust, George, Satcher, David
Abstract/Description: Introduction Approximately 20 million new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diagnosed yearly in the United States costing the healthcare system an estimated $16 billion in direct medical expenses. The presence of other STIs increases the risk of HIV transmission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has long recommended routine HIV screening for individuals with a diagnosed STI. Unfortunately, HIV screening prevalence among STI diagnosed patients are still sub-optimal...
Show moreIntroduction Approximately 20 million new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diagnosed yearly in the United States costing the healthcare system an estimated $16 billion in direct medical expenses. The presence of other STIs increases the risk of HIV transmission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has long recommended routine HIV screening for individuals with a diagnosed STI. Unfortunately, HIV screening prevalence among STI diagnosed patients are still sub-optimal in many healthcare settings. Objective To determine the proportion of STI-diagnosed persons in the Medicaid population who are screened for HIV, examine correlates of HIV screening, and to suggest critical intervention points to increase HIV screening in this population. Methods A retrospective database analysis was conducted to examine the prevalence and correlates of HIV screening among participants. Participant eligibility was restricted to Medicaid enrollees in 29 states with a primary STI diagnosis (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis) or pelvic inflammatory disease claim in 2009. HIV-positive persons were excluded from the study. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were conducted to characterize the sample in general and by STI diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to estimate unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratio respectively and the 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate logistic regression models that included the independent variables (race, STI diagnosis, and healthcare setting) and covariates (gender, residential status, age, and state) were analyzed to examine independent associations with HIV screening. Results About 43% of all STI-diagnosed study participants were screened for HIV. STI-diagnosed persons that were between 20-24 years, female, residing in a large metropolitan area and with a syphilis diagnosis were more likely to be screened for HIV. Participants who received their STI diagnosis in the emergency department were less likely to be screened for HIV than those diagnosed in a physician's office. Conclusion This study showed that HIV screening prevalence among persons diagnosed with an STI are lower than expected based on the CDC's recommendations. These suboptimal HIV screening prevalence present "missed opportunities" for HIV screening in at-risk populations. Measures and incentives to increase HIV screening among all STI-diagnosed persons are vital to the timely identification of HIV infection, linkage to HIV care, and mitigating further HIV transmission.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-24
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382258100052, 10.1371/journal.pone.0161560
Format: Citation

Title: Mediation Analysis of Relationships Between Chronic Inflammation and Quality of Life in Older Adults.
Creator: Nowakowski, Alexandra Catherine Hayes, Graves, Katelyn Y., Sumerau, J. E.
Abstract/Description: Background: This article summarizes exploratory analyses of relationships between chronic inflammation, its physical consequences, and quality of life (QoL). It summarizes key findings from preliminary analyses, and contextualizes these results with extant sociomedical literature to recommend directions for future research. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were used to explore these relationships. Inflammation was assessed via the...
Show moreBackground: This article summarizes exploratory analyses of relationships between chronic inflammation, its physical consequences, and quality of life (QoL). It summarizes key findings from preliminary analyses, and contextualizes these results with extant sociomedical literature to recommend directions for future research. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were used to explore these relationships. Inflammation was assessed via the biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined associations between CRP levels and two different domains of QoL: happiness with life in general and happiness with intimate relationships. We used ordinal logistic regression with companion OLS models and Sobel-Goodman tests to assess potential mediation, and also conducted a variety of sensitivity analyses. Results: Findings suggest that mediation pathways for the overall association between chronic inflammation and QoL may differ markedly across particular outcome constructs. Specifically, it shows mediation potential for the clinical sequelae of chronic inflammation in frameworks using happiness as an outcome measure, but not in those using relationship satisfaction. Disability appears to mediate the effect of inflammation by 27 %; chronic pain appears to exert a similar mediation effect of 21 %. Conclusions: Pain and disability linked to chronic inflammation appear to play a small but significant mediating role in the overall reduction in QoL observed among older adults with biomarker evidence of chronic inflammation. We note that these patterns are best framed as dynamic elements of a complex causal fabric, rather than powerful determinants that override other factors contributing to QoL. Hypotheses for further exploration using longitudinal data from the NSHAP are thus offered, pending availability of Wave III data in future years.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-22
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1459967552, 10.1186/s12955-016-0452-4
Format: Citation

Title: The Nature and Implementation of Representation in Biological Systems.
Creator: Nair-Collins, Michael
Abstract/Description: I defend a theory of mental representation that satisfies naturalistic constraints. Briefly, we begin by distinguishing (i) what makes something a representation from (ii) given that a thing is a representation, what determines what it represents. Representations are states of biological organisms, so we should expect a unified theoretical framework for explaining both what it is to be a representation as well as what it is to be a heart or a kidney. I follow Millikan in explaining (i) in...
Show moreI defend a theory of mental representation that satisfies naturalistic constraints. Briefly, we begin by distinguishing (i) what makes something a representation from (ii) given that a thing is a representation, what determines what it represents. Representations are states of biological organisms, so we should expect a unified theoretical framework for explaining both what it is to be a representation as well as what it is to be a heart or a kidney. I follow Millikan in explaining (i) in terms of teleofunction, explicated in terms of natural selection. To explain (ii), we begin by recognizing that representational states do not have content, that is, they are neither true nor false except insofar as they both "point to" or "refer" to something, as well as "say" something regarding whatever it is they are about. To distinguish veridical from false representations, there must be a way for these separate aspects to come apart; hence, we explain (ii) by providing independent theories of what I call f-reference and f-predication (the 'f' simply connotes 'fundamental', to distinguish these things from their natural language counterparts). Causal theories of representation typically founder on error, or on what Fodor has called the disjunction problem. Resemblance or isomorphism theories typically founder on what I've called the non-uniqueness problem, which is that isomorphisms and resemblance are practically unconstrained and so representational content cannot be uniquely determined. These traditional problems provide the motivation for my theory, the structural preservation theory, as follows. F-reference, like reference, is a specific, asymmetric relation, as is causation. F-predication, like predication, is a non-specific relation, as predicates typically apply to many things, just as many relational systems can be isomorphic to any given relational system. Putting these observations together, a promising strategy is to explain f-reference via causal history and f-predication via something like isomorphism between relational systems. This dissertation should be conceptualized as having three parts. After motivating and characterizing the problem in chapter 1, the first part is the negative project, where I review and critique Dretske's, Fodor's, and Millikan's theories in chapters 2-4. Second, I construct my theory about the nature of representation in chapter 5 and defend it from objections in chapter 6. In chapters 7-8, which constitute the third and final part, I address the question of how representation is implemented in biological systems. In chapter 7 I argue that single-cell intracortical recordings taken from awake Macaque monkeys performing a cognitive task provide empirical evidence for structural preservation theory, and in chapter 8 I use the empirical results to illustrate, clarify, and refine the theory.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0039
Format: Citation

Title: Meta-analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies Identifies Common Variants in CTNNA2 Associated with Excitement-seeking.
Creator: Terracciano, Antonio, Esko, Tönu, Sutin, Angelina, de Moor, Marleen, Meirelles, Osorio, Zhu, G., Tanaka, Toshiko, Giegling, Ina, Nutile, Teresa, Realo, Anu, Allik, J., Hansell,...
Show moreTerracciano, Antonio, Esko, Tönu, Sutin, Angelina, de Moor, Marleen, Meirelles, Osorio, Zhu, G., Tanaka, Toshiko, Giegling, Ina, Nutile, Teresa, Realo, Anu, Allik, J., Hansell, Narelle, Wright, Margeret, Montgomery, G., Willemsen, Gonneke, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Friedl, M., Ruggiero, D., Sorice, R., Sanna, Serena, Cannas, Alessandra, Räikkönen, K., Widen, Elisabeth, Palotie, Aarno, Eriksson, Johan, Cucca, Francesco, Krueger, Robert F., Lahti, Jari, Luciano, Michelle, Smoller, Jordan W., van Duijn, Cornelia, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Boomsma, Dorret, Ciullo, Marina, Costa, Paul, Ferrucci, Luigi, Martin, Nicholas G., Metspalu, Andres, Rujescu, Dan, Schlessinger, David, Uda, Manuela
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Abstract/Description: The tendency to seek stimulating activities and intense sensations define excitement-seeking, a personality trait akin to some aspects of sensation-seeking. This trait is a central feature of extraversion and is a component of the multifaceted impulsivity construct. Those who score high on measures of excitement-seeking are more likely to smoke, use other drugs, gamble, drive recklessly, have unsafe/unprotected sex and engage in other risky behaviors of clinical and social relevance. To...
Show moreThe tendency to seek stimulating activities and intense sensations define excitement-seeking, a personality trait akin to some aspects of sensation-seeking. This trait is a central feature of extraversion and is a component of the multifaceted impulsivity construct. Those who score high on measures of excitement-seeking are more likely to smoke, use other drugs, gamble, drive recklessly, have unsafe/unprotected sex and engage in other risky behaviors of clinical and social relevance. To identify common genetic variants associated with the Excitement-Seeking scale of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, we performed genome-wide association studies in six samples of European ancestry (N=7860), and combined the results in a meta-analysis. We identified a genome-wide significant association between the Excitement-Seeking scale and rs7600563 (P=2 × 10(-8)). This single-nucleotide polymorphism maps within the catenin cadherin-associated protein, alpha 2 (CTNNA2) gene, which encodes for a brain-expressed α-catenin critical for synaptic contact. The effect of rs7600563 was in the same direction in all six samples, but did not replicate in additional samples (N=5105). The results provide insight into the genetics of excitement-seeking and risk-taking, and are relevant to hyperactivity, substance use, antisocial and bipolar disorders.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0018, 10.1038/tp.2011.42
Format: Citation

Title: The Neural Correlates of Neuroticism Differ by Sex Prospectively Mediate Depressive Symptoms Among Older Women.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina, Beason-Held, Lori, Dotson, Vonetta, Resnick, Susan M., Costa, Paul
Abstract/Description: BACKGROUND: Mood disorders in old age increase the risk of morbidity and mortality for individuals and healthcare costs for society. Trait Neuroticism, a strong risk factor for such disorders into old age, shares common genetic variance with depression, but the more proximal biological mechanisms that mediate this connection are not well understood. Further, whether sex differences in the neural correlates of Neuroticism mirror sex differences in behavioral measures is unknown. The present...
Show moreBACKGROUND: Mood disorders in old age increase the risk of morbidity and mortality for individuals and healthcare costs for society. Trait Neuroticism, a strong risk factor for such disorders into old age, shares common genetic variance with depression, but the more proximal biological mechanisms that mediate this connection are not well understood. Further, whether sex differences in the neural correlates of Neuroticism mirror sex differences in behavioral measures is unknown. The present research identifies sex differences in the stable neural activity associated with Neuroticism and tests whether this activity prospectively mediates Neuroticism and subsequent depressive symptoms. METHODS: A total of 100 (46 female) older participants (>55years) underwent a resting-state PET scan twice, approximately two years apart, and completed measures of Neuroticism and depressive symptoms twice. RESULTS: Replicating at both time points, Neuroticism correlated positively with resting-state regional cerebral blood-flow activity in the hippocampus and midbrain in women and the middle temporal gyrus in men. For women, hippocampal activity mediated the association between Neuroticism at baseline and depressive symptoms at follow-up. The reverse mediational model was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroticism was associated with stable neural activity in regions implicated in emotional processing and regulation for women but not men. Among women, Neuroticism prospectively predicted depressive symptoms through greater activity in the right hippocampus, suggesting one neural mechanism between Neuroticism and depression for women. Identifying responsible mechanisms for the association between Neuroticism and psychiatric disorders may help guide research on pharmacological interventions for such disorders across the lifespan.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_mhs-0021, 10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.004
Format: Citation

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