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Title: A Study of the Timing Distribution of Events with a Photon and Large Missing E_T.
Creator: Zygala, Lara Gabrielle
Date Issued: 2017-04-28
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1493403642
Format: Thesis

Title: Dissolved Pb And Pb Isotopes In The North Atlantic From The Geovide Transect (geotraces Ga-01) And Their Decadal Evolution.
Creator: Zurbrick, Cheryl M., Boyle, Edward A., Kayser, Richard J., Reuer, Matthew K., Wu, Jinfeng, Planquette, Helene, Shelley, Rachel, Boutorh, Julia, Cheize, Marie, Contreira,...
Show moreZurbrick, Cheryl M., Boyle, Edward A., Kayser, Richard J., Reuer, Matthew K., Wu, Jinfeng, Planquette, Helene, Shelley, Rachel, Boutorh, Julia, Cheize, Marie, Contreira, Leonardo, Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas Menzel, Lacan, Francois, Sarthou, Geraldine
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Abstract/Description: During the 2014 GEOVIDE transect, seawater samples were collected for dissolved Pb and Pb isotope analysis. These samples provide a high-resolution "snapshot" of the source regions for the present Pb distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean. Some of these stations were previously occupied for Pb from as early as 1981, and we compare the 2014 data with these older data, some of which are reported here for the first time. Lead concentrations were highest in subsurface Mediterranean Water (MW)...
Show moreDuring the 2014 GEOVIDE transect, seawater samples were collected for dissolved Pb and Pb isotope analysis. These samples provide a high-resolution "snapshot" of the source regions for the present Pb distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean. Some of these stations were previously occupied for Pb from as early as 1981, and we compare the 2014 data with these older data, some of which are reported here for the first time. Lead concentrations were highest in subsurface Mediterranean Water (MW) near the coast of Portugal, which agrees well with other recent observations by the US GEOTRACES program (Noble et al., 2015). The recently formed Labrador Sea Water (LSW) between Greenland and Nova Scotia is much lower in Pb concentration than the older LSW found in the West European Basin due to decreases in Pb emissions into the atmosphere during the past 20 years. Comparison of North Atlantic data from 1989 to 2014 shows decreasing Pb concentrations consistent with decreased anthropogenic inputs, active scavenging, and advection/convection. Although the isotopic composition of northern North Atlantic seawater appears more homogenous compared to previous decades, a clear spatiotemporal trend in isotope ratios is evident over the past 15 years and implies that small changes to atmospheric Pb emissions continue. Emissions data indicate that the relative proportions of US and European Pb sources to the ocean have been relatively uniform during the past 2 decades, while aerosol data may suggest a greater relative proportion of natural mineral Pb. Using our measurements in conjunction with emissions inventories, we support the findings of previous atmospheric analyses that a significant portion of the Pb deposited to the ocean in 2014 was natural, although it is obscured by the much greater solubility of anthropogenic aerosols over natural ones.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-22
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000442399400004, 10.5194/bg-15-4995-2018
Format: Citation

Title: Cadherin 6 is activated by Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 to mediate EMT and metastasis as an interplay node of multiple pathways in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Creator: Zuo, L-L, Zhang, J, Liu, L-Z, Zhou, Q, Du, S-J, Xin, S-Y, Ning, Z-P, Yang, J, Yu, H-B, Yue, W-X, Wang, J, Zhu, F-X, Li, G-Y, Lu, J-H
Abstract/Description: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy, which is notorious among head-and-neck cancers with its metastatic feature. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection plays a fundamental role in NPC development with the mechanism is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that EBV oncoprotein LMP1 drives EMT and metastasis of NPC by reactivating the adhesion molecule, cadherin 6 (CDH6), which normally occurs in embryogenesis with unknown role in NPC. CDH6 was found to be upregulated in...
Show moreNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy, which is notorious among head-and-neck cancers with its metastatic feature. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection plays a fundamental role in NPC development with the mechanism is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that EBV oncoprotein LMP1 drives EMT and metastasis of NPC by reactivating the adhesion molecule, cadherin 6 (CDH6), which normally occurs in embryogenesis with unknown role in NPC. CDH6 was found to be upregulated in LMP1-positive NPC tissues, and was identified as a target of the epithelium-specific miR-203. LMP1-activated NF-κB transcriptionally repressed the miR-203 expression by binding to the promoter region of miR-203 gene. CDH6 activation in turn induced EMT and promoted metastasis in NPC. CDH6 depletion, NF-κB inhibitor and miR-203 overexpression were able to impair the EMT effects. The miR-203 downregulation in NPC tissues was strongly associated with metastasis clinically. The CDH6 activator, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), was also activated by EBV in the event. For both CDH6 and RUNX2 are components at TGF-β downstream, CDH6 became a node protein for the interplay of multiple signalings including NF-κB and TGF-β. Therefore, the switch-on of miR-203 was important for nasopharyngeal epithelial cells to maintain normal phenotype. This study demonstrates that EBV has evolved sophisticated strategies by driving epithelial cells to obtain malignant features, particularly in NPC metastasis, providing novel biomarkers for the therapy and prognosis of EBV-associated NPC.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-22
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29284791, 10.1038/s41389-017-0005-7, PMC5865538, 29284791, 29284791, 10.1038/s41389-017-0005-7
Format: Citation

Title: The impact of education on sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of the evidence.
Creator: Zuilkowski, Stephanie, Jukes, Matthew C. H.
Abstract/Description: Many studies have attempted to determine the relationship between education and HIV status. However, a complete and causal understanding of this relationship requires analysis of its mediating pathways, focusing on sexual behaviors. We developed a series of hypotheses based on the differential effect of educational attainment on three sexual behaviors. We tested our predictions in a systematic literature review including 65 articles reporting associations between three specific sexual...
Show moreMany studies have attempted to determine the relationship between education and HIV status. However, a complete and causal understanding of this relationship requires analysis of its mediating pathways, focusing on sexual behaviors. We developed a series of hypotheses based on the differential effect of educational attainment on three sexual behaviors. We tested our predictions in a systematic literature review including 65 articles reporting associations between three specific sexual behaviors–sexual initiation, number of partners, and condom use–and educational attainment or school enrollment in sub-Saharan Africa. The patterns of associations varied by behavior. The findings for condom use were particularly convergent; none of the 44 studies using educational attainment as a predictor reviewed found that more educated people were significantly less likely to use condoms. Findings for sexual initiation and number of partners were more complex. The contrast between findings for condom use on the one hand and sexual initiation and number of partners on the other supports predictions based on our theoretical framework.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_edlp_faculty_publications-0006, 10.1080/09540121.2011.630351
Format: Citation

Title: School Persistence in the Wake of War: Wartime Experiences, Reintegration Supports, and Dropout in Sierra Leone.
Creator: Zuilkowski, Stephanie Simmons, Betancourt, Theresa S. (Theresa Stichick)
Abstract/Description: This article examines the relationship of wartime experience and reintegration supports to students' risk of school dropout. It draws on longitudinal, mixed-methods data collected among children and youth in Sierra Leone from 2002 through 2008. The study finds that family financial support and perceived social support are positively associated with lower risk of dropout over time.
Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_edlp_faculty_publications-0015, 10.1086/675905
Format: Citation

Title: Early Childhood Education, Child Development and School Readiness: Evidence from Zambia.
Creator: Zuilkowski, Stephanie, Fink, Günther, Moucheraud, Corrina, Matafwali, Beatrice
Abstract/Description: While early childhood education has received increasing attention in the developing world in recent years, relatively little evidence is available from sub-Saharan Africa on its effects on child development and subsequent school enrollment. We use a prospective case-control design to evaluate the developmental impact of a community-based early childhood center in an urban area in Zambia. Comparing 40 children attending the center to 40 children not attending the center from the same community...
Show moreWhile early childhood education has received increasing attention in the developing world in recent years, relatively little evidence is available from sub-Saharan Africa on its effects on child development and subsequent school enrollment. We use a prospective case-control design to evaluate the developmental impact of a community-based early childhood center in an urban area in Zambia. Comparing 40 children attending the center to 40 children not attending the center from the same community, we find that center attendance was associated with significantly better performance in an assessment of task orientation, and was also weakly associated with increased letter familiarity. We also observed higher performance among center students on tests of receptive language and pencil-related fine motor skills. These associations were, however, smaller and not statistically significant. We conducted a follow-up one year after the initial assessment, when children were seven years old and should have been in first grade. At follow-up, 27% of non-attendees were not yet enrolled in primary school, compared to just 11% of center students, suggesting that participation in early education encourages a timely transition into first grade.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_edlp_faculty_publications-0005X
Format: Citation

Title: Self-Fertilization and Inbreeding in the Simultaneous Hermaphrodite Bugula neritina.
Creator: Zubek, Zachary Andrew
Abstract/Description: Plants and animals that are simultaneous hermaphrodites and have short dispersal distances have a high potential for inbreeding. Simultaneous hermaphrodites have the potential to self-fertilize, and short dispersal distances increase the chance of mating with kin. Hermaphroditism, self-fertilization, and inbreeding have been studied extensively in plants, but very little is known about the extent to which they increase or decrease fitness in animals. In particular, the degree to which...
Show morePlants and animals that are simultaneous hermaphrodites and have short dispersal distances have a high potential for inbreeding. Simultaneous hermaphrodites have the potential to self-fertilize, and short dispersal distances increase the chance of mating with kin. Hermaphroditism, self-fertilization, and inbreeding have been studied extensively in plants, but very little is known about the extent to which they increase or decrease fitness in animals. In particular, the degree to which bryozoans produce viable offspring through self-fertilization or other forms of inbreeding remains unresolved. Therefore, I assessed the patterns and consequences of larval settlement and inbreeding in Bugula neritina, an arborescent marine bryozoan. The overall research objective was to examine the consequences of mating with self, kin, and unrelated individuals through manipulative laboratory experiments where colonies were reared in the lab with different mating partners. There were three treatments: 1) a dish with a single settler (solitary treatment), 2) a dish with settlers from parents collected within 3m of each other (near treatment), and 3) a dish with two settlers from parents collected within 300m of each other (far treatment). There were no differences in the growth rate of colonies between the treatments after two weeks, but colonies in the solitary treatment were larger than in the near and far treatments after seven weeks. The proportion of colonies with unfertilized ovicells, and the total number of unfertilized ovicells per colony, at week seven did not differ between treatments, suggesting that zooids had become female and were capable of supporting an embryo. However, colonies grown in isolation never produced fertilized ovicells, but colonies grown with another colony produced fertilized ovicells and viable offspring (i.e., a next generation of settlers). Based on this evidence, it was concluded that B. neritina does not self-fertilize. Furthermore, short dispersal distances (~3m) in the field might not have negative effects on subsequent mating success in the population studied. An important next step is to repeat this experiment and genotype both parents and offspring to determine whether self-fertilization occurs in the paired colonies, as might occur if extrinsic sperm cues trigger sperm release. Together, these results contribute to a better understanding of mating systems in sessile marine invertebrates.
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Date Issued: 2017-04-28
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1493398780
Format: Thesis

Title: The Hox proteins Ubx and AbdA collaborate with the transcription pausing factor M1BP to regulate gene transcription.
Creator: Zouaz, Amel, Auradkar, Ankush, Delfini, Marie Claire, Macchi, Meiggie, Barthez, Marine, Ela Akoa, Serge, Bastianelli, Leila, Xie, Gengqiang, Deng, Wu-Min, Levine, Stuart S,...
Show moreZouaz, Amel, Auradkar, Ankush, Delfini, Marie Claire, Macchi, Meiggie, Barthez, Marine, Ela Akoa, Serge, Bastianelli, Leila, Xie, Gengqiang, Deng, Wu-Min, Levine, Stuart S, Graba, Yacine, Saurin, Andrew J
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Abstract/Description: In metazoans, the pausing of RNA polymerase II at the promoter (paused Pol II) has emerged as a widespread and conserved mechanism in the regulation of gene transcription. While critical in recruiting Pol II to the promoter, the role transcription factors play in transitioning paused Pol II into productive Pol II is, however, little known. By studying how Hox transcription factors control transcription, we uncovered a molecular mechanism that increases productive transcription. We found that...
Show moreIn metazoans, the pausing of RNA polymerase II at the promoter (paused Pol II) has emerged as a widespread and conserved mechanism in the regulation of gene transcription. While critical in recruiting Pol II to the promoter, the role transcription factors play in transitioning paused Pol II into productive Pol II is, however, little known. By studying how Hox transcription factors control transcription, we uncovered a molecular mechanism that increases productive transcription. We found that the Hox proteins AbdA and Ubx target gene promoters previously bound by the transcription pausing factor M1BP, containing paused Pol II and enriched with promoter-proximal Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins, yet lacking the classical H3K27me3 PcG signature. We found that AbdA binding to M1BP-regulated genes results in reduction in PcG binding, the release of paused Pol II, increases in promoter H3K4me3 histone marks and increased gene transcription. Linking transcription factors, PcG proteins and paused Pol II states, these data identify a two-step mechanism of Hox-driven transcription, with M1BP binding leading to Pol II recruitment followed by AbdA targeting, which results in a change in the chromatin landscape and enhanced transcription.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-02
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28871058, 10.15252/embj.201695751, PMC5623858, 28871058, 28871058, embj.201695751
Format: Citation

Title: Coordinated Upregulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Dynamin Related Protein-1 and Implication for Breast Cancer Treatment..
Creator: Zou, Peng, Liu, Longhua, Zheng, Louise D, Payne, Kyle K, Manjili, Masoud H, Idowu, Michael O, Zhang, Jinfeng, Schmelz, Eva M, Cheng, Zhiyong
Abstract/Description: Overactive mitochondrial fission was shown to promote cell transformation and tumor growth. It remains elusive how mitochondrial quality is regulated in such conditions. Here, we show that upregulation of mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin related protein-1 (Drp1), was accompanied with increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1, NRF1, and Tfam) in breast cancer cells. However, mitochondrial number was reduced, which was associated with lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity in...
Show moreOveractive mitochondrial fission was shown to promote cell transformation and tumor growth. It remains elusive how mitochondrial quality is regulated in such conditions. Here, we show that upregulation of mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin related protein-1 (Drp1), was accompanied with increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1, NRF1, and Tfam) in breast cancer cells. However, mitochondrial number was reduced, which was associated with lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity in breast cancer cells. This contrast might be owing to enhanced mitochondrial turnover through autophagy, because an increased population of autophagic vacuoles engulfing mitochondria was observed in the cancer cells. Consistently, BNIP3 (a mitochondrial autophagy marker) and autophagic flux were significantly upregulated, indicative of augmented mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). The upregulation of Drp1 and BNIP3 was also observed in vivo (human breast carcinomas). Importantly, inhibition of Drp1 significantly suppressed mitochondrial autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer cell viability. Together, this study reveals coordinated increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in which Drp1 plays a central role regulating breast cancer cell metabolism and survival. Given the emerging evidence of PGC1 contributing to tumor growth, it will be of critical importance to target both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy for effective cancer therapeutics.
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Date Issued: 2016-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27746856, 10.1155/2016/4085727, PMC5056295, 27746856, 27746856
Format: Citation

Title: Coordinated Upregulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells.
Creator: Zou, Peng, Liu, Longhua, Zheng, Louise D., Payne, Kyle K., Manjili, Masoud H., Idowu, Michael O., Zhang, Jinfeng, Schmelz, Evam, Cheng, Zhiyong
Abstract/Description: Overactive mitochondrial fission was shown to promote cell transformation and tumor growth. It remains elusive how mitochondrial quality is regulated in such conditions. Here, we show that upregulation of mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin related protein-1 (Drp1), was accompanied with increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1 alpha, NRF1, and Tfam) in breast cancer cells. However, mitochondrial number was reduced, which was associated with lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity in...
Show moreOveractive mitochondrial fission was shown to promote cell transformation and tumor growth. It remains elusive how mitochondrial quality is regulated in such conditions. Here, we show that upregulation of mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin related protein-1 (Drp1), was accompanied with increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1 alpha, NRF1, and Tfam) in breast cancer cells. However, mitochondrial number was reduced, which was associated with lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity in breast cancer cells. This contrast might be owing to enhanced mitochondrial turnover through autophagy, because an increased population of autophagic vacuoles engulfing mitochondria was observed in the cancer cells. Consistently, BNIP3 (a mitochondrial autophagy marker) and autophagic flux were significantly upregulated, indicative of augmented mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). The upregulation of Drp1 and BNIP3 was also observed in vivo (human breast carcinomas). Importantly, inhibition of Drp1 significantly suppressed mitochondrial autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer cell viability. Together, this study reveals coordinated increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in which Drp1 plays a central role regulating breast cancer cell metabolism and survival. Given the emerging evidence of PGC1 alpha contributing to tumor growth, it will be of critical importance to target both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy for effective cancer therapeutics.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000385103100001, 10.1155/2016/4085727
Format: Citation

Title: Enhanced troponin I binding explains the functional changes produced by the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation A8V of cardiac troponin C.
Creator: Zot, Henry G, Hasbun, Javier E, Michell, Clara A, Landim-Vieira, Maicon, Pinto, Jose R
Abstract/Description: Higher affinity for TnI explains how troponin C (TnC) carrying a causative hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation, TnC(A8V), sensitizes muscle cells to Ca(2+). Muscle fibers reconstituted with TnC(A8V) require ∼2.3-fold less [Ca(2+)] to achieve 50% maximum-tension compared to fibers reconstituted with wild-type TnC (TnC(WT)). Binding measurements rule out a significant change in N-terminus Ca(2+)-affinity of isolated TnC(A8V), and TnC(A8V) binds the switch-peptide of troponin-I (TnI(sp)) ∼1.6...
Show moreHigher affinity for TnI explains how troponin C (TnC) carrying a causative hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation, TnC(A8V), sensitizes muscle cells to Ca(2+). Muscle fibers reconstituted with TnC(A8V) require ∼2.3-fold less [Ca(2+)] to achieve 50% maximum-tension compared to fibers reconstituted with wild-type TnC (TnC(WT)). Binding measurements rule out a significant change in N-terminus Ca(2+)-affinity of isolated TnC(A8V), and TnC(A8V) binds the switch-peptide of troponin-I (TnI(sp)) ∼1.6-fold more strongly than TnC(WT); thus we model the TnC-TnI(sp) interaction as competing with the TnI-actin interaction. Tension data are well-fit by a model constrained to conditions in which the affinity of TnC(A8V) for TnI(sp) is 1.5-1.7-fold higher than that of TnC(WT) at all [Ca(2+)]. Mean ATPase rates of reconstituted cardiac myofibrils is greater for TnC(A8V) than TnC(WT) at all [Ca(2+)], with statistically significant differences in the means at higher [Ca(2+)]. To probe TnC-TnI interaction in low Ca(2+), displacement of bis-ANS from TnI was monitored as a function of TnC. Whereas Ca(2+)-TnC(WT) displaces significantly more bis-ANS than Mg(2+)-TnC(WT), Ca(2+)-TnC(A8V) displaces probe equivalently to Mg(2+)-TnC(A8V) and Ca(2+)-TnC(WT), consistent with stronger Ca(2+)-independent TnC(A8V)-TnI(sp). A Matlab program for computing theoretical activation is reported. Our work suggests that contractility is constantly above normal in hearts made hypertrophic by TnC(A8V).
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26976709, 10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.011, PMC4899184, 26976709, 26976709, S0003-9861(16)30063-7
Format: Citation

Title: Electron spin resonance insight into broadband absorption of the Cu3Bi(SeO3)(2)O2Br metamagnet.
Creator: Zorko, A., Gomilsek, M., Pregelj, M., Ozerov, M., Zvyagin, S. A., Ozarowski, A., Tsurkan, V., Loidl, A., Zaharko, O.
Abstract/Description: Metamagnets, which exhibit a transition from a low-magnetization to a highmagnetization state induced by the applied magnetic field, have recently been highlighted as promising materials for controllable broadband absorption. Here we show results of a multifrequency electron spin resonance (ESR) investigation of the Cu3Bi(SeO3)(2)O2Br planar metamagnet on the kagome lattice. Its mixed anti-ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic phase is stabilized in a finite range of applied fields around 0.8 T at low...
Show moreMetamagnets, which exhibit a transition from a low-magnetization to a highmagnetization state induced by the applied magnetic field, have recently been highlighted as promising materials for controllable broadband absorption. Here we show results of a multifrequency electron spin resonance (ESR) investigation of the Cu3Bi(SeO3)(2)O2Br planar metamagnet on the kagome lattice. Its mixed anti-ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic phase is stabilized in a finite range of applied fields around 0.8 T at low temperatures and is characterized by enhanced microwave absorption. The absorption signal is non-resonant and its boundaries correspond to two critical fields that determine the mixed phase. With decreasing temperature these increase like the sublattice magnetization of the antiferromagnetic phase and show no frequency dependence between 100 and 480 GHz. On the contrary, we find that the critical fields depend on the magnetic-field sweeping direction. In particular, the higher critical field, which corresponds to the transition from the mixed to the ferromagnetic phase, shows a pronounced hysteresis effect, while such a hysteresis is absent for the lower critical field. The observed hysteresis is enhanced at lower temperatures, which suggests that thermal fluctuations play an important role in destabilizing the highly absorbing mixed phase. (C) 2016 Author(s).
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Date Issued: 2016-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000377962500235, 10.1063/1.4943534
Format: Citation

Title: Cellular Distribution of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in the Mouse Brain.
Creator: Zorio, Diego A.R., Jackson, Christine M., Liu, Yong, Rubel, Edwin W, Wang, Yuan
Abstract/Description: The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) plays an important role in normal brain development. Absence of FMRP results in abnormal neuronal morphologies in a selected manner throughout the brain, leading to intellectual deficits and sensory dysfunction in the fragile X syndrome (FXS). Despite FMRP importance for proper brain function, its overall expression pattern in the mammalian brain at the resolution of individual neuronal cell groups is not known. In this study we used FMR1...
Show moreThe fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) plays an important role in normal brain development. Absence of FMRP results in abnormal neuronal morphologies in a selected manner throughout the brain, leading to intellectual deficits and sensory dysfunction in the fragile X syndrome (FXS). Despite FMRP importance for proper brain function, its overall expression pattern in the mammalian brain at the resolution of individual neuronal cell groups is not known. In this study we used FMR1 knockout and isogenic wildtype mice to systematically map the distribution of FMRP expression in the entire mouse brain. Using immunocytochemistry and cellular quantification analyses, we identified a large number of prominent cell groups expressing high levels of FMRP at the subcortical levels, in particular sensory and motor neurons in the brainstem and thalamus. In contrast, many cell groups in the midbrain and hypothalamus exhibit low FMRP levels. More important, we describe differential patterns of FMRP distribution in both cortical and subcortical brain regions. Almost all major brain areas contain high and low levels of FMRP cell groups adjacent to each other or between layers of the same cortical areas. These differential patterns indicate that FMRP expression appears to be specific to individual neuronal cell groups instead of being associated with all neurons in distinct brain regions, as previously considered. Taken together, these findings support the notion of FMRP differential neuronal regulation and strongly implicate the contribution of fundamental sensory and motor processing at subcortical levels to FXS pathology.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1511838919_1f7fa4f4, 10.1002/cne.24100
Format: Citation

Title: Cellular distribution of the fragile X mental retardation protein in the mouse brain.
Creator: Zorio, Diego A R, Jackson, Christine M, Liu, Yong, Rubel, Edwin W, Wang, Yuan
Abstract/Description: The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) plays an important role in normal brain development. Absence of FMRP results in abnormal neuronal morphologies in a selected manner throughout the brain, leading to intellectual deficits and sensory dysfunction in the fragile X syndrome (FXS). Despite FMRP importance for proper brain function, its overall expression pattern in the mammalian brain at the resolution of individual neuronal cell groups is not known. In this study we used FMR1...
Show moreThe fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) plays an important role in normal brain development. Absence of FMRP results in abnormal neuronal morphologies in a selected manner throughout the brain, leading to intellectual deficits and sensory dysfunction in the fragile X syndrome (FXS). Despite FMRP importance for proper brain function, its overall expression pattern in the mammalian brain at the resolution of individual neuronal cell groups is not known. In this study we used FMR1 knockout and isogenic wildtype mice to systematically map the distribution of FMRP expression in the entire mouse brain. Using immunocytochemistry and cellular quantification analyses, we identified a large number of prominent cell groups expressing high levels of FMRP at the subcortical levels, in particular sensory and motor neurons in the brainstem and thalamus. In contrast, many cell groups in the midbrain and hypothalamus exhibit low FMRP levels. More important, we describe differential patterns of FMRP distribution in both cortical and subcortical brain regions. Almost all major brain areas contain high and low levels of FMRP cell groups adjacent to each other or between layers of the same cortical areas. These differential patterns indicate that FMRP expression appears to be specific to individual neuronal cell groups instead of being associated with all neurons in distinct brain regions, as previously considered. Taken together, these findings support the notion of FMRP differential neuronal regulation and strongly implicate the contribution of fundamental sensory and motor processing at subcortical levels to FXS pathology. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:818-849, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27539535, 10.1002/cne.24100, PMC5558202, 27539535, 27539535
Format: Citation

Title: The Big Lie(s): A Quantitative Analysis of the Visual Imagery Employed to Propagandize Nazism.
Creator: Zirlin, Zoe Lee
Abstract/Description: From the years 1933 to 1938, Adolf Hitler employed propaganda to motivate German citizens towards unwavering indoctrination into Nazism. Although racism and anti-Semitism were prevalent in Germany before then, the Third Reich utilized propaganda posters to mainline the tenets of Nazism into everyday German life. By researching the themes and devices within their propaganda art, researchers can discover the ways in which German citizens were indoctrinated into Nazi ideology from the years 1933...
Show moreFrom the years 1933 to 1938, Adolf Hitler employed propaganda to motivate German citizens towards unwavering indoctrination into Nazism. Although racism and anti-Semitism were prevalent in Germany before then, the Third Reich utilized propaganda posters to mainline the tenets of Nazism into everyday German life. By researching the themes and devices within their propaganda art, researchers can discover the ways in which German citizens were indoctrinated into Nazi ideology from the years 1933 to 1938, (from Hitler’s rise to control of the German government, to the year when Jews were legally excluded from public life.) In 1939, American Rhetorician Kenneth Burke penned the influential essay The Rhetoric of Hitler’s ‘Battle’, which highlights the rhetorical devices he identified in Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf. Mein Kampf, which translates to My Struggle, is an autobiography written by Hitler in 1925, which outlines his political ideology and hatred for Jews. In the pages of Mein Kampf, which Hitler began while imprisoned by the nation he would later lead into battle, Burke identified seven key tropes through which Hitler conjured fear, hatred, and fervent allegiance from a financially starved German people. The seven tropes: common enemy, geographic materialization, unifying voice, projection devices, inborn dignity, symbolic rebirth, and commercial use. The tropes can be identified throughout the propaganda produced by the Third Reich.This project includes a media content analysis of 50 Nazi propaganda posters, framed through tropes detailed by Rhetorician Kenneth Burke in his piece The Rhetoric of Hitler’s ‘Battle’, from the years 1933 to 1938. The aim of the project was to quantify the frames through which the Third Reich utilized media to indoctrinate German Citizens into Nazism. The coding survey includes trait identification of every visual aspect of the posters, populating data collection of visual imagery through a quantitative lense. The sampling population, about 400 propaganda posters, comes from the archives of the United States Holocaust Museum and Archives. A coding survey was then created, which details the ways in which the data is gathered. Two undergraduate students at Florida State University were incentivized to be “content-coders”, and each analyzed a segment of the sample propaganda posters, guided by the codebook, to ensure that the research can be duplicated.The resulting data collection and analysis of this project specifically demonstrates that propagandizing racism and sovereignty to Hitler was a top priority for the Third Reich to assume totalitarian power.
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Date Issued: 2020-04-20
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1587405991_f60a0430
Format: Thesis

Title: OCD candidate gene /EAAT3 impacts basal ganglia-mediated activity and stereotypic behavior.
Creator: Zike, Isaac D, Chohan, Muhammad O, Kopelman, Jared M, Krasnow, Emily N, Flicker, Daniel, Nautiyal, Katherine M, Bubser, Michael, Kellendonk, Christoph, Jones, Carrie K, Stanwood...
Show moreZike, Isaac D, Chohan, Muhammad O, Kopelman, Jared M, Krasnow, Emily N, Flicker, Daniel, Nautiyal, Katherine M, Bubser, Michael, Kellendonk, Christoph, Jones, Carrie K, Stanwood, Gregg, Tanaka, Kenji Fransis, Moore, Holly, Ahmari, Susanne E, Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy
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Abstract/Description: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, disabling condition with inadequate treatment options that leave most patients with substantial residual symptoms. Structural, neurochemical, and behavioral findings point to a significant role for basal ganglia circuits and for the glutamate system in OCD. Genetic linkage and association studies in OCD point to , which encodes the neuronal glutamate/aspartate/cysteine transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3)/excitatory amino...
Show moreObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, disabling condition with inadequate treatment options that leave most patients with substantial residual symptoms. Structural, neurochemical, and behavioral findings point to a significant role for basal ganglia circuits and for the glutamate system in OCD. Genetic linkage and association studies in OCD point to , which encodes the neuronal glutamate/aspartate/cysteine transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3)/excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAC1). However, no previous studies have investigated EAAT3 in basal ganglia circuits or in relation to OCD-related behavior. Here, we report a model of loss based on an excisable STOP cassette that yields successful ablation of EAAT3 expression and function. Using amphetamine as a probe, we found that EAAT3 loss prevents expected increases in () locomotor activity, () stereotypy, and () immediate early gene induction in the dorsal striatum following amphetamine administration. Further, -STOP mice showed diminished grooming in an SKF-38393 challenge experiment, a pharmacologic model of OCD-like grooming behavior. This reduced grooming is accompanied by reduced dopamine D receptor binding in the dorsal striatum of -STOP mice. -STOP mice also exhibit reduced extracellular dopamine concentrations in the dorsal striatum both at baseline and following amphetamine challenge. Viral-mediated restoration of /EAAT3 expression in the midbrain but not in the striatum results in partial rescue of amphetamine-induced locomotion and stereotypy in -STOP mice, consistent with an impact of EAAT3 loss on presynaptic dopaminergic function. Collectively, these findings indicate that the most consistently associated OCD candidate gene impacts basal ganglia-dependent repetitive behaviors.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28507136, 10.1073/pnas.1701736114, PMC5465902, 28507136, 28507136, 1701736114
Format: Citation

Title: An investigation of the association of genetic susceptibility risk with somatic mutation burden in breast cancer.
Creator: Zhu, Bin, Mukherjee, Anwesha, Machiela, Mitchell J, Song, Lei, Hua, Xing, Shi, Jianxin, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Chanock, Stephen J, Chatterjee, Nilanjan
Abstract/Description: Genome-wide association studies have reported nearly 100 common germline susceptibility loci associated with the risk for breast cancer. Tumour sequencing studies have characterised somatic mutation profiles in breast cancer patients. The relationship between breast cancer susceptibility loci and somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer remains largely unexplored. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array data and tumour exome sequencing data available from 638 breast...
Show moreGenome-wide association studies have reported nearly 100 common germline susceptibility loci associated with the risk for breast cancer. Tumour sequencing studies have characterised somatic mutation profiles in breast cancer patients. The relationship between breast cancer susceptibility loci and somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer remains largely unexplored. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array data and tumour exome sequencing data available from 638 breast cancer patients of European ancestry from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We analysed both genotype data and, when necessary, imputed genotypes for 90 known breast cancer susceptibility loci. We performed linear regression models to investigate possible associations between germline risk variants with total somatic mutation count (TSMC), as well as specific mutation types. We examined individual SNP genotypes, as well as a multi-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS). Models were statistically adjusted for age at diagnosis, stage, oestrogen-receptor (ER) and progesterone-receptor (PR) status of breast cancer. We also performed stratified analyses by ER and PR status. We observed a significant inverse association (P=8.75 × 10(-6); FDR=0.001) between the risk allele in rs2588809 of the gene RAD51B and TSMC across all breast cancer patients, for both ER(+) and ER(-) tumours. This association was also evident for different types of mutations. The PRS analysis for all patients, with or without rs2588809, showed a significant inverse association (P=0.01 and 0.04, respectively) with TSMC. This inverse association was significant in ER(+) patients with the ER(+)-specific PRS (P=0.02), but not among ER(-) patients for the ER(-)-specific PRS (P=0.39). We observed an inverse association between common germline risk variants and TSMC, which, if confirmed, could provide new insights into how germline variation informs our understanding of somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27467053, 10.1038/bjc.2016.223, PMC5023771, 27467053, 27467053, bjc2016223
Format: Citation

Title: An investigation of the association of genetic susceptibility risk with somatic mutation burden in breast cancer.
Creator: Zhu, Bin, Mukherjee, Anwesha, Machiela, Mitchell J., Song, Lei, Hua, Xing, Shi, Jianxin, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Chanock, Stephen J., Chatterjee, Nilanjan
Abstract/Description: Background: Genome-wide association studies have reported nearly 100 common germline susceptibility loci associated with the risk for breast cancer. Tumour sequencing studies have characterised somatic mutation profiles in breast cancer patients. The relationship between breast cancer susceptibility loci and somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer remains largely unexplored. Methods: We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array data and tumour exome sequencing data...
Show moreBackground: Genome-wide association studies have reported nearly 100 common germline susceptibility loci associated with the risk for breast cancer. Tumour sequencing studies have characterised somatic mutation profiles in breast cancer patients. The relationship between breast cancer susceptibility loci and somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer remains largely unexplored. Methods: We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array data and tumour exome sequencing data available from 638 breast cancer patients of European ancestry from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We analysed both genotype data and, when necessary, imputed genotypes for 90 known breast cancer susceptibility loci. We performed linear regression models to investigate possible associations between germline risk variants with total somatic mutation count (TSMC), as well as specific mutation types. We examined individual SNP genotypes, as well as a multi-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS). Models were statistically adjusted for age at diagnosis, stage, oestrogen-receptor (ER) and progesterone-receptor (PR) status of breast cancer. We also performed stratified analyses by ER and PR status. Results: We observed a significant inverse association (P = 8.75 x 10(-6); FDR = 0.001) between the risk allele in rs2588809 of the gene RAD51B and TSMC across all breast cancer patients, for both ER+ and ER- tumours. This association was also evident for different types of mutations. The PRS analysis for all patients, with or without rs2588809, showed a significant inverse association (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) with TSMC. This inverse association was significant in ER+ patients with the ER+-specific PRS (P = 0.02), but not among ER- patients for the ER--specific PRS (P = 0.39). Conclusions: We observed an inverse association between common germline risk variants and TSMC, which, if confirmed, could provide new insights into how germline variation informs our understanding of somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer.
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Date Issued: 2016-09
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000384570600016, 10.1038/bjc.2016.223
Format: Citation

Title: Magnetic Field Tuning Of An Excitonic Insulator Between The Weak And Strong Coupling Regimes In Quantum Limit Graphite.
Creator: Zhu, Z., McDonald, R. D., Shekhter, A., Ramshaw, B. J., Modic, K. A., Balakirev, F. F., Harrison, N.
Abstract/Description: The excitonic insulator phase has long been predicted to form in proximity to a band gap opening in the underlying band structure. The character of the pairing is conjectured to crossover from weak (BCS-like) to strong coupling (BEC-like) as the underlying band structure is tuned from the metallic to the insulating side of the gap opening. Here we report the high-magnetic field phase diagram of graphite to exhibit just such a crossover. By way of comprehensive angle-resolved magnetoresistance...
Show moreThe excitonic insulator phase has long been predicted to form in proximity to a band gap opening in the underlying band structure. The character of the pairing is conjectured to crossover from weak (BCS-like) to strong coupling (BEC-like) as the underlying band structure is tuned from the metallic to the insulating side of the gap opening. Here we report the high-magnetic field phase diagram of graphite to exhibit just such a crossover. By way of comprehensive angle-resolved magnetoresistance measurements, we demonstrate that the underlying band gap opening occurs inside the magnetic field-induced phase, paving the way for a systematic study of the BCS-BEC-like crossover by means of conventional condensed matter probes.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-04
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000408480400001, 10.1038/s41598-017-01693-5
Format: Citation

$Interaction-driven fractional quantum Hall state of hard-core bosons on kagome lattice at one-third filling$

Title: Interaction-driven Fractional Quantum Hall State Of Hard-core Bosons On Kagome Lattice At One-third Filling.
Creator: Zhu, W., Gong, S. S., Sheng, D. N.
Abstract/Description: There has been a growing interest in realizing topologically nontrivial states of matter in band insulators, where a quantum Hall effect can appear as an intrinsic property of the band structure. While ongoing progress is under way with a number of directions, the possibility of realizing novel interaction-generated topological phases, without the requirement of a nontrivial invariant encoded in single-particle wave function or band structure, can significantly extend the class of topological...
Show moreThere has been a growing interest in realizing topologically nontrivial states of matter in band insulators, where a quantum Hall effect can appear as an intrinsic property of the band structure. While ongoing progress is under way with a number of directions, the possibility of realizing novel interaction-generated topological phases, without the requirement of a nontrivial invariant encoded in single-particle wave function or band structure, can significantly extend the class of topological materials and is thus of great importance. Here, we show an interaction-driven topological phase emerging in an extended Bose-Hubbard model on a kagome lattice, where the noninteracting band structure is topological trivial with zero Berry curvature in the Brillouin zone. By means of an unbiased state-of-the-art density-matrix renormalization group technique, we identify that the ground state in a broad parameter region is equivalent to a bosonic fractional quantum Hall Laughlin state, based on the characterization of universal properties including ground-state degeneracy, edge excitations, and anyonic quasiparticle statistics. Our work paves a way to finding an interaction-induced topological phase at the phase boundary of conventionally ordered solid phases.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-13
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000379502800001, 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.035129
Format: Citation

Title: Interaction-driven Spontaneous Quantum Hall Effect On A Kagome Lattice.
Creator: Zhu, W., Gong, Shou-Shu, Zeng, Tian-Sheng, Fu, Liang, Sheng, D. N.
Abstract/Description: Topological states of matter have been widely studied as being driven by an external magnetic field, intrinsic spin-orbital coupling, or magnetic doping. Here, we unveil an interaction-driven spontaneous quantum Hall effect (a Chern insulator) emerging in an extended fermion-Hubbard model on a kagome lattice, based on a state-of-the-art density-matrix renormalization group on cylinder geometry and an exact diagonalization in torus geometry. We first demonstrate that the proposed model...
Show moreTopological states of matter have been widely studied as being driven by an external magnetic field, intrinsic spin-orbital coupling, or magnetic doping. Here, we unveil an interaction-driven spontaneous quantum Hall effect (a Chern insulator) emerging in an extended fermion-Hubbard model on a kagome lattice, based on a state-of-the-art density-matrix renormalization group on cylinder geometry and an exact diagonalization in torus geometry. We first demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits an incompressible liquid phase with doublet degenerate ground states as time-reversal partners. The explicit spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking is determined by emergent uniform circulating loop currents between nearest neighbors. Importantly, the fingerprint topological nature of the ground state is characterized by quantized Hall conductance. Thus, we identify the liquid phase as a quantum Hall phase, which provides a "proof-of-principle" demonstration of the interaction-driven topological phase in a topologically trivial noninteracting band.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-23
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382007600009, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.096402
Format: Citation

Title: Bis[N-alkyl-NN-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine]zinc(II) perchlorates display cis-facial stereochemistry in solid state and solution.
Creator: Zhu, Lei, Simmons, J., Yuan, Zhao, Daykin, Kirsten, Nguyen, Brian, Clark, Ronald, Shatruk, Michael
Abstract/Description: N-Alkyl-N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amines are ligands commonly used by supramolecular chemists in molecular recognition and sensing applications. The metal coordination complexes of these ligands, in particular those with 2:1 (ligand:metal) molar ratio, have not been sufficiently characterised in solution. In this work, bis[N-alkyl-N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine]zinc(II) perchlorates are characterised in both solid and solution phases, using X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, respectively....
Show moreN-Alkyl-N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amines are ligands commonly used by supramolecular chemists in molecular recognition and sensing applications. The metal coordination complexes of these ligands, in particular those with 2:1 (ligand:metal) molar ratio, have not been sufficiently characterised in solution. In this work, bis[N-alkyl-N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine]zinc(II) perchlorates are characterised in both solid and solution phases, using X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Only the cis-facial stereoisomer is observed. Density functional theory calculations support the thermodynamic preference for this stereochemistry, as in one representative case the gas phase energy of the cis-facial configuration is lower than those of the trans-facial and meridional configurations by 4.0 and 4.5 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_chm_faculty_publications-0013, 10.1080/10610278.2013.844816
Format: Citation

Title: Orbital two-channel Kondo effect in epitaxial ferromagnetic L1(0)-MnAl films.
Creator: Zhu, L. J., Nie, S. H., Xiong, P., Schlottmann, P., Zhao, J. H.
Abstract/Description: The orbital two-channel Kondo effect displaying exotic non-Fermi liquid behaviour arises in the intricate scenario of two conduction electrons compensating a pseudo-spin-1/2 impurity of two-level system. Despite extensive efforts for several decades, no material system has been clearly identified to exhibit all three transport regimes characteristic of the two-channel Kondo effect in the same sample, leaving the interpretation of the experimental results a subject of debate. Here we present a...
Show moreThe orbital two-channel Kondo effect displaying exotic non-Fermi liquid behaviour arises in the intricate scenario of two conduction electrons compensating a pseudo-spin-1/2 impurity of two-level system. Despite extensive efforts for several decades, no material system has been clearly identified to exhibit all three transport regimes characteristic of the two-channel Kondo effect in the same sample, leaving the interpretation of the experimental results a subject of debate. Here we present a transport study suggestive of a robust orbital two-channel Kondo effect in epitaxial ferromagnetic L1(0)-MnAl films, as evidenced by a magnetic field-independent resistivity upturn with a clear transition from logarithmic- to square-root temperature dependence and deviation from it in three distinct temperature regimes. Our results also provide an experimental indication of the presence of two-channel Kondo physics in a ferromagnet, pointing to considerable robustness of the orbital two-channel Kondo effect even in the presence of spin polarization of the conduction electrons.
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Date Issued: 2016-02
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000371042300002, 10.1038/ncomms10817
Format: Citation

Title: Magnetic field tuning of an excitonic insulator between the weak and strong coupling regimes in quantum limit graphite.
Creator: Zhu, Z, McDonald, R D, Shekhter, A, Ramshaw, B J, Modic, K A, Balakirev, F F, Harrison, N
Abstract/Description: The excitonic insulator phase has long been predicted to form in proximity to a band gap opening in the underlying band structure. The character of the pairing is conjectured to crossover from weak (BCS-like) to strong coupling (BEC-like) as the underlying band structure is tuned from the metallic to the insulating side of the gap opening. Here we report the high-magnetic field phase diagram of graphite to exhibit just such a crossover. By way of comprehensive angle-resolved magnetoresistance...
Show moreThe excitonic insulator phase has long been predicted to form in proximity to a band gap opening in the underlying band structure. The character of the pairing is conjectured to crossover from weak (BCS-like) to strong coupling (BEC-like) as the underlying band structure is tuned from the metallic to the insulating side of the gap opening. Here we report the high-magnetic field phase diagram of graphite to exhibit just such a crossover. By way of comprehensive angle-resolved magnetoresistance measurements, we demonstrate that the underlying band gap opening occurs inside the magnetic field-induced phase, paving the way for a systematic study of the BCS-BEC-like crossover by means of conventional condensed matter probes.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-04
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28496192, 10.1038/s41598-017-01693-5, PMC5431932, 28496192, 28496192, 10.1038/s41598-017-01693-5
Format: Citation

Title: Zn(II)-coordination modulated ligand photophysical processes – the development of fluorescent indicators for imaging biological Zn(II) ions.
Creator: Zhu, Lei, Yuan, Zhao, Simmons, J., Sreenath, Kesavapillai
Abstract/Description: Molecular photophysics and metal coordination chemistry are the two fundamental pillars that support the development of fluorescent cation indicators. In this article, we describe how Zn(II)-coordination alters various ligand-centered photophysical processes that are pertinent to developing Zn(II) indicators. The main aim is to show how small organic Zn(II) indicators work under the constraints of specific requirements, including Zn(II) detection range, photophysical requirements such as...
Show moreMolecular photophysics and metal coordination chemistry are the two fundamental pillars that support the development of fluorescent cation indicators. In this article, we describe how Zn(II)-coordination alters various ligand-centered photophysical processes that are pertinent to developing Zn(II) indicators. The main aim is to show how small organic Zn(II) indicators work under the constraints of specific requirements, including Zn(II) detection range, photophysical requirements such as excitation energy and emission color, temporal and spatial resolutions in a heterogeneous intracellular environment, and fluorescence response selectivity between similar cations such as Zn(II) and Cd(II). In the last section, the biological questions that fluorescent Zn(II) indicators help to answer are described, which have been motivating and challenging this field of research.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_chm_faculty_publications-0016, 10.1039/C4RA00354C
Format: Citation

Title: Prenatal nicotine exposure mouse model showing hyperactivity, reduced cingulate cortex volume, reduced dopamine turnover, and responsiveness to oral methylphenidate treatment.
Creator: Zhu, Jinmin, Zhang, Xuan, Xu, Yuehang, Spencer, Thomas J, Biederman, Joseph, Bhide, Pradeep G
Abstract/Description: Cigarette smoking, nicotine replacement therapy, and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with cognitive disabilities later in life in children exposed prenatally to nicotine. The disabilities include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder. However, the structural and neurochemical bases of these cognitive deficits remain unclear. Using a mouse model we show that prenatal nicotine exposure produces hyperactivity, selective decreases in cingulate...
Show moreCigarette smoking, nicotine replacement therapy, and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with cognitive disabilities later in life in children exposed prenatally to nicotine. The disabilities include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder. However, the structural and neurochemical bases of these cognitive deficits remain unclear. Using a mouse model we show that prenatal nicotine exposure produces hyperactivity, selective decreases in cingulate cortical volume, and radial thickness, as well as decreased dopamine turnover in the frontal cortex. The hyperactivity occurs in both male and female offspring and peaks during the "active" or dark phase of the light/dark cycle. These features of the mouse model closely parallel the human ADHD phenotype, whether or not the ADHD is associated with prenatal nicotine exposure. A single oral, but not intraperitoneal, administration of a therapeutic equivalent dose (0.75 mg/kg) of methylphenidate decreases the hyperactivity and increases the dopamine turnover in the frontal cortex of the prenatally nicotine exposed mice, once again paralleling the therapeutic effects of this compound in ADHD subjects. Collectively, our data suggest that the prenatal nicotine exposure mouse model has striking parallels to the ADHD phenotype not only in behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical features, but also with respect to responsiveness of the behavioral phenotype to methylphenidate treatment. The behavioral, neurochemical, and anatomical biomarkers in the mouse model could be valuable for evaluating new therapies for ADHD and mechanistic investigations into its etiology.
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Date Issued: 2012-07-04
Identifier: FSU_pmch_22764249, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1041-12.2012, PMC3417040, 22764249, 22764249, 32/27/9410
Format: Citation

Title: Distinguishing Förster resonance energy transfer and solvent-mediated charge-transfer relaxation dynamics in a zinc(II) indicator: a femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopic study.
Creator: Zhu, Lei, Sreenath, Kesavapillai, Yi, Chongyue, Knappenberger, Kenneth
Abstract/Description: A bifluorophoric molecule (1) capable of intramolecular Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is reported. The emission intensity of the FRET acceptor in 1 depends on the molar absorptivity of the donor, which is a function of zinc(II) complexation. The FRET dynamics of [Zn(1)](ClO4)2 is characterized by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. The solvent-mediated relaxation of the charge-transfer (CT) state of the isolated donor and the FRET process of the donor...
Show moreA bifluorophoric molecule (1) capable of intramolecular Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is reported. The emission intensity of the FRET acceptor in 1 depends on the molar absorptivity of the donor, which is a function of zinc(II) complexation. The FRET dynamics of [Zn(1)](ClO4)2 is characterized by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. The solvent-mediated relaxation of the charge-transfer (CT) state of the isolated donor and the FRET process of the donor–acceptor conjugate are on similar time scales (40–50 ps in CH3CN), but distinguishable by the opposite solvent polarity dependency. As the solvent polarity increases, the efficiency of Columbic-based FRET is reduced, whereas CT relaxation is accelerated. In addition to revealing a method to distinguish CT and FRET dynamics, this work provides a photophysical foundation for developing indicators based on the FRET strategy.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_chm_faculty_publications-0015, 10.1039/C3CP55382E
Format: Citation

Title: Diagnosis of Middle-Atmosphere Climate Sensitivity by the Climate Feedback-Response Analysis Method.
Creator: Zhu, Xun, Yee, Jeng-Hwa, Cai, Ming, Swartz, William H., Coy, Lawrence, Aquila, Valentina, Garcia, Rolando, Talaat, Elsayed R.
Abstract/Description: The authors present a new method to diagnose the middle-atmosphere climate sensitivity by extending the climate feedback-response analysis method (CFRAM) for the coupled atmosphere-surface system to the middle atmosphere. The middle-atmosphere CFRAM (MCFRAM) is built on the atmospheric energy equation per unit mass with radiative heating and cooling rates as its major thermal energy sources. MCFRAM preserves CFRAM's unique feature of additivity, such that partial temperature changes due to...
Show moreThe authors present a new method to diagnose the middle-atmosphere climate sensitivity by extending the climate feedback-response analysis method (CFRAM) for the coupled atmosphere-surface system to the middle atmosphere. The middle-atmosphere CFRAM (MCFRAM) is built on the atmospheric energy equation per unit mass with radiative heating and cooling rates as its major thermal energy sources. MCFRAM preserves CFRAM's unique feature of additivity, such that partial temperature changes due to variations in external forcing and feedback processes can be added to give a total temperature change for direct comparison with the observed temperature change. In addition, MCFRAM establishes a physical relationship of radiative damping between the energy perturbations associated with various feedback processes and temperature perturbations associated with thermal responses. In this study, MCFRAM is applied to both observations and model output fields to diagnose the middle-atmosphere climate sensitivity. The authors found that the largest component of the middle-atmosphere temperature response to the 11-yr solar cycle (solar maximum vs solar minimum) is the partial temperature change due to the variation of the solar flux. Increasing CO2 cools the middle atmosphere, whereas the partial temperature change due to changes in O-3 can be either positive or negative. The application of MCFRAM to model dynamical fields reconfirms the advantage of introducing the residual circulation to characterize middle-atmosphere dynamics in terms of the partial temperature changes. The radiatively driven globally averaged partial temperature change is approximately equal to the observed temperature change, ranging from -0.5 K near 25 km to -1.0 K near 70 km between solar maximum and solar minimum.
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Date Issued: 2016-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000367396700001, 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0013.1
Format: Citation

Title: Regional Quasi-Three-Dimensional Unsaturated-Saturated Water Flow Model Based on a Vertical-Horizontal Splitting Concept.
Creator: Zhu, Yan, Shi, Liangsheng, Wu, Jingwei, Ye, Ming, Cui, Lihong, Yang, Jinzhong
Abstract/Description: Due to the high nonlinearity of the three-dimensional (3-D) unsaturated-saturated water flow equation, using a fully 3-D numerical model is computationally expensive for large scale applications. A new unsaturated-saturated water flow model is developed in this paper based on the vertical/horizontal splitting (VHS) concept to split the 3-D unsaturated-saturated Richards' equation into a two-dimensional (2-D) horizontal equation and a one-dimensional (1-D) vertical equation. The horizontal...
Show moreDue to the high nonlinearity of the three-dimensional (3-D) unsaturated-saturated water flow equation, using a fully 3-D numerical model is computationally expensive for large scale applications. A new unsaturated-saturated water flow model is developed in this paper based on the vertical/horizontal splitting (VHS) concept to split the 3-D unsaturated-saturated Richards' equation into a two-dimensional (2-D) horizontal equation and a one-dimensional (1-D) vertical equation. The horizontal plane of average head gradient in the triangular prism element is derived to split the 3-D equation into the 2-D equation. The lateral flow in the horizontal plane of average head gradient represented by the 2-D equation is then calculated by the water balance method. The 1-D vertical equation is discretized by the finite difference method. The two equations are solved simultaneously by coupling them into a unified nonlinear system with a single matrix. Three synthetic cases are used to evaluate the developed model code by comparing the modeling results with those of Hydrus1D, SWMS2D and FEFLOW. We further apply the model to regional-scale modeling to simulate groundwater table fluctuations for assessing the model applicability in complex conditions. The proposed modeling method is found to be accurate with respect to measurements.
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Date Issued: 2016-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000377984300026, 10.3390/w8050195
Format: Citation

Title: Synthesis of 5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazoles from Organic Azides and Terminal Alkynes: Ligand Acceleration Effect, Substrate Scope, and Mechanistic Insights.
Creator: Zhu, Lei, Barsoum, David, Brassard, Christopher, Deeb, Jason, Okashah, Najeah, Sreenath, Kesavapillai, Simmons, J.
Abstract/Description: An improved method has been developed for the preparation of 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles directly from organic azides and terminal alkynes by a reaction mediated by copper(I) and iodinating agents generated in situ. The major methodological advance of the current procedure is that it provides a high conversion and good iodo/proto selectivity with a broad range of substrates without using an excess of the alkyne, which was required in the previous method. The use of an accelerating ligand is...
Show moreAn improved method has been developed for the preparation of 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles directly from organic azides and terminal alkynes by a reaction mediated by copper(I) and iodinating agents generated in situ. The major methodological advance of the current procedure is that it provides a high conversion and good iodo/proto selectivity with a broad range of substrates without using an excess of the alkyne, which was required in the previous method. The use of an accelerating ligand is essential to the success of reactions involving unreactive azides or alkynes. New mechanistic insights are provided, including the confirmation that a 1-iodoalkyne is formed as a key intermediate under the established conditions for the reaction.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_chm_faculty_publications-0014, 10.1055/s-0033-1339312
Format: Citation

Title: Multiple Topologically Nontrivial Bands In Noncentrosymmetric Ysn2.
Creator: Zhu, Yanglin, Zhang, Tiantian, Hu, Jin, Kidd, Jamin, Graf, David, Gui, Xin, Xie, Weiwei, Zhu, Mengze, Ke, Xianglin, Cao, Huibo, Fang, Zhong, Weng, Hongming, Mao, Zhiqiang
Abstract/Description: The square lattices formed by main-group elements such as Bi, Sb, Sn, and Si in layered materials have attracted a lot of interest, since they can create rich topological phases. In this paper, we report the slightly distorted square lattice of Sn in a noncentrosymmetric compound YSn2 generates multiple topologically nontrivial bands, one of which likely hosts a nodal line and tunable Weyl semimetal state induced by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling and proper external magnetic field. The...
Show moreThe square lattices formed by main-group elements such as Bi, Sb, Sn, and Si in layered materials have attracted a lot of interest, since they can create rich topological phases. In this paper, we report the slightly distorted square lattice of Sn in a noncentrosymmetric compound YSn2 generates multiple topologically nontrivial bands, one of which likely hosts a nodal line and tunable Weyl semimetal state induced by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling and proper external magnetic field. The quasiparticles described as relativistic fermions from these bands are manifested by nearly zero mass and nontrivial Berry phases probed in de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations. The dHvA study also reveals YSn2 has a complicated Fermi surface, consisting of several three-dimensional (3D) and one 2D pocket. Our first-principles calculations show the pointlike 3D pocket at Y point on the Brillouin zone boundary hosts the possible Weyl state. Our findings establish YSn2 as a new interesting platform for observing novel topological phases and studying their underlying physics.
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Date Issued: 2018-07-16
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000438674700001, 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.035117
Format: Citation

Title: Constrained Active Learning for Anchor Link Prediction Across Multiple Heterogeneous Social Networks.
Creator: Zhu, Junxing, Zhang, Jiawei, Wu, Quanyuan, Jia, Yan, Zhou, Bin, Wei, Xiaokai, Yu, Philip S
Abstract/Description: Nowadays, people are usually involved in multiple heterogeneous social networks simultaneously. Discovering the anchor links between the accounts owned by the same users across different social networks is crucial for many important inter-network applications, e.g., cross-network link transfer and cross-network recommendation. Many different supervised models have been proposed to predict anchor links so far, but they are effective only when the labeled anchor links are abundant. However, in...
Show moreNowadays, people are usually involved in multiple heterogeneous social networks simultaneously. Discovering the anchor links between the accounts owned by the same users across different social networks is crucial for many important inter-network applications, e.g., cross-network link transfer and cross-network recommendation. Many different supervised models have been proposed to predict anchor links so far, but they are effective only when the labeled anchor links are abundant. However, in real scenarios, such a requirement can hardly be met and most anchor links are unlabeled, since manually labeling the inter-network anchor links is quite costly and tedious. To overcome such a problem and utilize the numerous unlabeled anchor links in model building, in this paper, we introduce the active learning based anchor link prediction problem. Different from the traditional active learning problems, due to the on anchor links, if an unlabeled anchor link a = ( u , v ) is identified as positive (i.e., existing), all the other unlabeled anchor links incident to account or account will be negative (i.e., non-existing) automatically. Viewed in such a perspective, asking for the labels of potential positive anchor links in the unlabeled set will be rewarding in the active anchor link prediction problem. Various novel anchor link information gain measures are defined in this paper, based on which several constraint active anchor link prediction methods are introduced. Extensive experiments have been done on real-world social network datasets to compare the performance of these methods with state-of-art anchor link prediction methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can outperform other methods with significant advantages.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-03
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28771201, 10.3390/s17081786, PMC5580167, 28771201, 28771201, s17081786
Format: Citation

Title: Unsymmetrical bisazides for chemoselective sequential ligation.
Creator: Zhu, Lei, Yuan, Zhao, Kuang, Gui-Chao
Abstract/Description: Unsymmetrical bisazides containing chelating and non-chelating azido groups undergo chemoselective three-component copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne conjugation reactions with two different alkyne molecules. In conjunction with the reactivity gap between aromatic and aliphatic alkynes, a bistriazole molecule can be generated with an excellent regioselectivity by mixing two alkynes and a bisazide in a single reaction container. This method is applicable in aqueous solutions at neutral pH, which...
Show moreUnsymmetrical bisazides containing chelating and non-chelating azido groups undergo chemoselective three-component copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne conjugation reactions with two different alkyne molecules. In conjunction with the reactivity gap between aromatic and aliphatic alkynes, a bistriazole molecule can be generated with an excellent regioselectivity by mixing two alkynes and a bisazide in a single reaction container. This method is applicable in aqueous solutions at neutral pH, which may lend utilities in bioconjugation applications.
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Date Issued: 2014-10-28
Identifier: FSU_uspto_8871940, 8871940, 1705405, 13/941798, 6c9256d97d167832cbab694dc904bd27
Format: Citation

Title: Carbon nanotube and nanofiber film-based membrane electrode assemblies.
Creator: Zhu, Wei, Zheng, Jian-Ping, Wang, Ben, Zhang, Chun Hua, Liang, Zhiyong
Abstract/Description: A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell comprising a catalyst layer and a method of making the same. The catalyst layer can include a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles, e.g., platinum, disposed on buckypaper. The catalyst layer can have 1% or less binder prior to attachment to the membrane electrode assembly. The catalyst layer can include (a) single-wall nanotubes, small diameter multi-wall nanotubes, or both, and (b) large diameter multi-wall nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, or...
Show moreA membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell comprising a catalyst layer and a method of making the same. The catalyst layer can include a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles, e.g., platinum, disposed on buckypaper. The catalyst layer can have 1% or less binder prior to attachment to the membrane electrode assembly. The catalyst layer can include (a) single-wall nanotubes, small diameter multi-wall nanotubes, or both, and (b) large diameter multi-wall nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, or both. The ratio of (a) to (b) can range from 1:2 to 1:20. The catalyst layer can produce a surface area utilization efficiency of at least 60% and the platinum utilization efficiency can be 0.50 g_Pt/kW or less.
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Date Issued: 2013-04-09
Identifier: FSU_uspto_8415012, 8415012, 993662, 12/505070, 6c9256d97d167832cbab694dc904bd27
Format: Citation

Title: Catalytic electrode with gradient porosity and catalyst density for fuel cells.
Creator: Zhu, Wei, Zheng, Jian-Ping, Wang, Ben, Zhang, Chun Hua, Liang, Zhiyong
Abstract/Description: A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell comprising a gradient catalyst structure and a method of making the same. The gradient catalyst structure can include a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles, e.g., platinum, disposed on layered buckypaper. The layered buckypaper can include at least a first layer and a second layer and the first layer can have a lower porosity compared to the second layer. The gradient catalyst structure can include single-wall nanotubes, carbon nanofibers,...
Show moreA membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell comprising a gradient catalyst structure and a method of making the same. The gradient catalyst structure can include a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles, e.g., platinum, disposed on layered buckypaper. The layered buckypaper can include at least a first layer and a second layer and the first layer can have a lower porosity compared to the second layer. The gradient catalyst structure can include single-wall nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, or both in the first layer of the layered buckypaper and can include carbon nanofibers in the second layer of the layered buckypaper. The MEA can have a catalyst utilization efficiency of at least 0.35 g_cat/kW or less.
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Date Issued: 2014-04-22
Identifier: FSU_uspto_8703355, 8703355, 993662, 12/839124, 6c9256d97d167832cbab694dc904bd27
Format: Citation

Title: Function of microglia and macrophages in secondary damage after spinal cord injury.
Creator: Zhou, Xiang, He, Xijing, Ren, Yi
Abstract/Description: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic opportunities. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Among all the secondary injury mechanisms, the inflammatory response is the major contributor and results in expansion of the lesion and further loss of neurologic function. Meanwhile, the inflammation directly and indirectly dominates the outcomes of SCI, including not only pain and motor dysfunction, but...
Show moreSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic opportunities. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Among all the secondary injury mechanisms, the inflammatory response is the major contributor and results in expansion of the lesion and further loss of neurologic function. Meanwhile, the inflammation directly and indirectly dominates the outcomes of SCI, including not only pain and motor dysfunction, but also preventingneuronal regeneration. Microglia and macrophages play very important roles in secondary injury. Microglia reside in spinal parenchyma and survey the microenvironment through the signals of injury or infection. Macrophages are derived from monocytes recruited to injured sites from the peripheral circulation. Activated resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages induce and magnify immune and inflammatory responses not only by means of their secretory moleculesand phagocytosis, but also through their influence on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and demyelination. In this review, we focus on the roles of microglia and macrophages in secondary injury and how they contribute to the sequelae of SCI.
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Date Issued: 2014-10-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25422640, 10.4103/1673-5374.143423, PMC4239768, 25422640, 25422640, NRR-9-1787
Format: Citation

Title: Hall Effect Within The Colossal Magnetoresistive Semimetallic State Of Mote2.
Creator: Zhou, Qiong, Rhodes, D., Zhang, Q. R., Tang, S., Schoenemann, R., Balicas, L.
Abstract/Description: Here, we report a systematic study on the Hall effect of the semimetallic state of bulk MoTe2, which was recently claimed to be a candidate for a novel type of Weyl semimetallic state. The temperature (T) dependence of the carrier densities and of their mobilities, as estimated from a numerical analysis based on the isotropic two-carrier model, indicates that its exceedingly large and nonsaturating magnetoresistance may be attributed to a near perfect compensation between the densities of...
Show moreHere, we report a systematic study on the Hall effect of the semimetallic state of bulk MoTe2, which was recently claimed to be a candidate for a novel type of Weyl semimetallic state. The temperature (T) dependence of the carrier densities and of their mobilities, as estimated from a numerical analysis based on the isotropic two-carrier model, indicates that its exceedingly large and nonsaturating magnetoresistance may be attributed to a near perfect compensation between the densities of electrons and holes at low temperatures. A sudden increase in hole density, with a concomitant rapid increase in the electron mobility below T similar to 40 K, leads to comparable densities of electrons and holes at low temperatures suggesting a possible electronic phase transition around this temperature.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000383035100001, 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.121101
Format: Citation

Title: Gating Motions and Stationary Gating Properties of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors: Computation Meets Electrophysiology..
Creator: Zhou, Huan-Xiang
Abstract/Description: Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels essential to all aspects of brain function, including higher order processes such as learning and memory. For decades, electrophysiology was the primary means for characterizing the function of iGluRs and gaining mechanistic insight. Since the turn of the century, structures of isolated water-soluble domains and transmembrane-domain-containing constructs have provided the basis for formulating mechanistic...
Show moreIonotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels essential to all aspects of brain function, including higher order processes such as learning and memory. For decades, electrophysiology was the primary means for characterizing the function of iGluRs and gaining mechanistic insight. Since the turn of the century, structures of isolated water-soluble domains and transmembrane-domain-containing constructs have provided the basis for formulating mechanistic hypotheses. Because these structures only represent sparse, often incomplete snapshots during iGluR activation, significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding structures, energetics, and dynamics of key substates along the functional processes. Some of these gaps have recently been filled by molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical modeling. In this Account, I describe our work in the latter arena toward characterizing iGluR gating motions and developing a formalism for calculating thermodynamic and kinetic properties of stationary gating. The structures of iGluR subunits have a highly modular architecture, in which the ligand-binding domain and the transmembrane domain are well separated and connected by flexible linkers. The ligand-binding domain in turn is composed of two subdomains. During activation, agonist binding induces the closure of the intersubdomain cleft. The cleft closure leads to the outward pulling of a linker tethered to the extracellular terminus of the major pore-lining helix of the transmembrane domain, thereby opening the channel. This activation model based on molecular dynamics simulations was validated by residue-specific information from electrophysiological data on cysteine mutants. A further critical test was made through introducing glycine insertions in the linker. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that, with lengthening by glycine insertions, the linker became less effective in pulling the pore-lining helix, leading to weaker stabilization of the channel-open state. In full agreement, single-channel recordings showed that the channel open probability decreased progressively as the linker was lengthened by glycine insertions. Crystal structures of ligand-binding domains showing different degrees of cleft closure between full and partial agonists suggested a simple mechanism for one subtype of iGluRs, but mysteries surrounded a second subtype, where the ligand-binding domains open to similar degrees when bound with either full or partial agonists. Our free energy simulations now suggest that broadening of the free energy basin for cleft closure is a plausible solution. A theoretical basis for these mechanistic hypotheses on partial agonisms was provided by a model for the free energy surface of a full receptor, where the stabilization by cleft closure is transmitted via the linker to the channel-open state. This model can be implemented by molecular dynamics simulations to predict thermodynamic and kinetics properties of stationary gating that are amenable to direct test by single-channel recordings. Close integration between computation and electrophysiology holds great promises in revealing the conformations of key substates in functional processes and the mechanisms of disease-associated mutations.
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Date Issued: 2017-04-18
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28186717, 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00598, PMC5398286, 28186717, 28186717
Format: Citation

Title: Advancing NMDA Receptor Physiology by Integrating Multiple Approaches.
Creator: Zhou, Huan-Xiang, Wollmuth, Lonnie P
Abstract/Description: NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent structural, functional, and computational studies have generated many insights into the activation process connecting glutamate binding to ion-channel opening, which is central to...
Show moreNMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent structural, functional, and computational studies have generated many insights into the activation process connecting glutamate binding to ion-channel opening, which is central to NMDAR physiology and pathophysiology. The field appears poised for breakthroughs, including the exciting prospect of resolving the conformations and energetics of elementary steps in the activation process, and atomic-level modeling of the effects of missense mutations on receptor function. The most promising strategy going forward is through strong integration of multiple approaches.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28187950, 10.1016/j.tins.2017.01.001, PMC5339030, 28187950, 28187950, S0166-2236(17)30002-4
Format: Citation

Title: Microrna-22 Inhibits The Proliferation And Migration, And Increases The Cisplatin Sensitivity, Of Osteosarcoma Cells.
Creator: Zhou, Xiang, Natino, Dimple, Zhai, Xu, Gao, Zhongyang, He, Xijing
Abstract/Description: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the major type of primary bone tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may influence the tumor progression of OS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, a total of 7 patients with OS and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs...
Show moreOsteosarcoma (OS) is the major type of primary bone tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may influence the tumor progression of OS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, a total of 7 patients with OS and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in the serum of participants. Furthermore, the biological function of miR-22 and S100A11 was examined in MG-63 cells using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, Transwell migration assays and western blot analysis to determine the effects on cell proliferation, migration and protein expression, respectively, while MG-63 cell sensitivity to cisplatin was assessed by measuring cell viability following cisplatin treatment and calculating the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Additionally, the association between miR-22 and S100 calcium-binding protein A11 (S100A11) was validated using a luciferase reporter assay. The results demonstrated that miR-22 expression was significantly reduced in patients with OS and the MG-63 OS cell line, compared with healthy volunteers and the normal osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line, respectively, while the expression of S100A11 was negatively associated with miR-22 levels in the MG-63 cell line. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-22 inhibited the proliferation and migratory ability of MG-63 cells, and increased the sensitivity of MG-63 cells to cisplatin treatment; however, overexpression of S100A11 partially attenuated the alterations in proliferation, migratory ability and chemosensitivity that were induced by miR-22 overexpression. In addition, it was confirmed that S100A11 is a direct target gene of miR-22 in MG-63 cells. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that miR-22 may be a promising therapeutic target and may have potential as part of a combination treatment alongside chemotherapeutic agents for OS.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000430556800125, 10.3892/mmr.2018.8790
Format: Citation

Title: δ/ω-Plectoxin-Pt1a: an excitatory spider toxin with actions on both Ca(2+) and Na(+) channels..
Creator: Zhou, Yi, Zhao, Mingli, Fields, Gregg B, Wu, Chun-Fang, Branton, W Dale
Abstract/Description: The venom of spider Plectreurys tristis contains a variety of peptide toxins that selectively target neuronal ion channels. O-palmitoylation of a threonine or serine residue, along with a characteristic and highly constrained disulfide bond structure, are hallmarks of a family of toxins found in this venom. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new toxin, δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a, from this spider venom. It is a 40 amino acid peptide containing an O-palmitoylated Ser-39. Analysis...
Show moreThe venom of spider Plectreurys tristis contains a variety of peptide toxins that selectively target neuronal ion channels. O-palmitoylation of a threonine or serine residue, along with a characteristic and highly constrained disulfide bond structure, are hallmarks of a family of toxins found in this venom. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new toxin, δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a, from this spider venom. It is a 40 amino acid peptide containing an O-palmitoylated Ser-39. Analysis of δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a cDNA reveals a small precursor containing a secretion signal sequence, a 14 amino acid N-terminal propeptide, and a C-terminal amidation signal. The biological activity of δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a is also unique. It preferentially blocks a subset of Ca(2+) channels that is apparently not required for neurotransmitter release; decreases threshold for Na(+) channel activation; and slows Na(+) channel inactivation. As δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a enhances synaptic transmission by prolonging presynaptic release of neurotransmitter, its effects on Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels may act synergistically to sustain the terminal excitability.
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Date Issued: 2013-05-14
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23691198, 10.1371/journal.pone.0064324, PMC3653879, 23691198, 23691198, PONE-D-13-04611
Format: Citation

Title: δ/ω-Plectoxin-Pt1a: An Excitatory Spider Toxin with Actions on both Ca(2+) and Na(+) Channels.
Creator: Zhou, Yi, Zhao, Mingli, Fields, Gregg B., Wu, Chun-Fang, Branton, W.
Abstract/Description: The venom of spider Plectreurys tristis contains a variety of peptide toxins that selectively target neuronal ion channels. O-palmitoylation of a threonine or serine residue, along with a characteristic and highly constrained disulfide bond structure, are hallmarks of a family of toxins found in this venom. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new toxin, δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a, from this spider venom. It is a 40 amino acid peptide containing an O-palmitoylated Ser-39. Analysis...
Show moreThe venom of spider Plectreurys tristis contains a variety of peptide toxins that selectively target neuronal ion channels. O-palmitoylation of a threonine or serine residue, along with a characteristic and highly constrained disulfide bond structure, are hallmarks of a family of toxins found in this venom. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new toxin, δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a, from this spider venom. It is a 40 amino acid peptide containing an O-palmitoylated Ser-39. Analysis of δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a cDNA reveals a small precursor containing a secretion signal sequence, a 14 amino acid N-terminal propeptide, and a C-terminal amidation signal. The biological activity of δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a is also unique. It preferentially blocks a subset of Ca(2+) channels that is apparently not required for neurotransmitter release; decreases threshold for Na(+) channel activation; and slows Na(+) channel inactivation. As δ/ω-plectoxin-Pt1a enhances synaptic transmission by prolonging presynaptic release of neurotransmitter, its effects on Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels may act synergistically to sustain the terminal excitability.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_biomed_faculty_publications-0044
Format: Citation

Title: Decadal Variability Of The Meridional Geostrophic Transport In The Upper Tropical North Pacific Ocean.
Creator: Zhou, Hui, Yuan, Dongliang, Yang, Lina, Li, Xiang, Dewar, William
Abstract/Description: The meridional geostrophic transport (MGT) in the interior tropical North Pacific Ocean is estimated based on global ocean heat and salt content data. The decadal variations of the zonally and vertically integrated MGT in the tropical North Pacific Ocean are found to precede the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) by 1-3 years. The dynamics of the MGT are analyzed based on Sverdrup theory. It is found that the total meridional transport variability (MGT plus Ekman) is dominated by the MGT...
Show moreThe meridional geostrophic transport (MGT) in the interior tropical North Pacific Ocean is estimated based on global ocean heat and salt content data. The decadal variations of the zonally and vertically integrated MGT in the tropical North Pacific Ocean are found to precede the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) by 1-3 years. The dynamics of the MGT are analyzed based on Sverdrup theory. It is found that the total meridional transport variability (MGT plus Ekman) is dominated by the MGT variability having positive correlations with the PDO index. The Sverdrup transports differ from the total meridional transport significantly and have insignificant correlations with PDO index, suggesting that the MGT variability is not controlled by the Sverdrup dynamics. In comparison, the simulated meridional transport variability in the models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and the Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator are dominated by the Sverdrup transports, having insignificant correlations with the simulated PDO indices. The comparison suggests that the non-Sverdrup component in the MGT is important for the predictability of PDO and that significant deficiencies exist in these models in simulating a realistic structure of the tropical ocean gyre variability and predicting the decadal climate variations associated with it.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000438848800007, 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0639.1
Format: Citation

Title: Luminescent Zero-dimensional Organic Metal Halide Hybrids With Near-unity Quantum Efficiency.
Creator: Zhou, Chenkun, Lin, Haoran, Tian, Yu, Yuan, Zhao, Clark, Ronald, Chen, Banghao, van de Burgt, Lambertus J., Wang, Jamie C., Zhou, Yan, Hanson, Kenneth, Meisner, Quinton J., Neu,...
Show moreZhou, Chenkun, Lin, Haoran, Tian, Yu, Yuan, Zhao, Clark, Ronald, Chen, Banghao, van de Burgt, Lambertus J., Wang, Jamie C., Zhou, Yan, Hanson, Kenneth, Meisner, Quinton J., Neu, Jennifer, Besara, Tiglet, Siegrist, Theo, Lambers, Eric, Djurovich, Peter, Ma, Biwu
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Abstract/Description: Single crystalline zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid materials with perfect host-guest structures have been developed as a new generation of highly efficient light emitters. Here we report a series of lead-free organic metal halide hybrids with a 0D structure, (C4N2H14X)(4)SnX6 (X = Br, I) and (C9NH20)(2)SbX5 (X = Cl), in which the individual metal halide octahedra (SnX64-) and quadrangular pyramids (SbX52-) are completely isolated from each other and surrounded by the organic...
Show moreSingle crystalline zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid materials with perfect host-guest structures have been developed as a new generation of highly efficient light emitters. Here we report a series of lead-free organic metal halide hybrids with a 0D structure, (C4N2H14X)(4)SnX6 (X = Br, I) and (C9NH20)(2)SbX5 (X = Cl), in which the individual metal halide octahedra (SnX64-) and quadrangular pyramids (SbX52-) are completely isolated from each other and surrounded by the organic ligands C4N2H14X+ and C9NH20+, respectively. The isolation of the photoactive metal halide species by the wide band gap organic ligands leads to no interaction or electronic band formation between the metal halide species, allowing the bulk materials to exhibit the intrinsic properties of the individual metal halide species. These 0D organic metal halide hybrids can also be considered as perfect host-guest systems, with the metal halide species periodically doped in the wide band gap matrix. Highly luminescent, strongly Stokes shifted broadband emissions with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQEs) of close to unity were realized, as a result of excited state structural reorganization of the individual metal halide species. Our discovery of highly luminescent single crystalline 0D organic-inorganic hybrid materials as perfect host-guest systems opens up a new paradigm in functional materials design.
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Date Issued: 2018-01-21
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000422947000005, 10.1039/c7sc04539e
Format: Citation

Title: System and method for leakage current suppression in a photovoltaic cascaded multilevel inverter.
Creator: Zhou, Yan, Li, Hui
Abstract/Description: The cascaded multilevel inverter is considered to be a promising topology alternative for low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the leakage current issue, resulting from the stray capacitances between the PV panels and the earth, remains a challenge in the photovoltaic cascaded multilevel inverter application. The present invention presents leakage current suppression solutions for the PV cascaded multilevel inverter by introducing properly arranged and designed...
Show moreThe cascaded multilevel inverter is considered to be a promising topology alternative for low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the leakage current issue, resulting from the stray capacitances between the PV panels and the earth, remains a challenge in the photovoltaic cascaded multilevel inverter application. The present invention presents leakage current suppression solutions for the PV cascaded multilevel inverter by introducing properly arranged and designed passive filters. The embodiments of the invention do not include an active semiconductor device, and as such, the leakage current suppression techniques of the present invention retain the simple structure of the cascaded inverter and do not complicate the associated control system.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-27
Identifier: FSU_uspto_9455645, 9455645, 1020736, 14/209010, 6c9256d97d167832cbab694dc904bd27
Format: Citation

Title: System and method for leakage current suppression in a low switching frequency photovoltaic cascaded multilevel inverter.
Creator: Zhou, Yan, Li, Hui
Abstract/Description: The cascaded multilevel inverter is considered to be a promising topology alternative for low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the leakage current issue, resulting from the stray capacitances between the PV panels and the earth, remains a challenge in the photovoltaic cascaded multilevel inverter application. The present invention presents leakage current suppression solutions for the PV cascaded multilevel inverter by introducing properly arranged and designed...
Show moreThe cascaded multilevel inverter is considered to be a promising topology alternative for low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the leakage current issue, resulting from the stray capacitances between the PV panels and the earth, remains a challenge in the photovoltaic cascaded multilevel inverter application. The present invention presents leakage current suppression solutions for the PV cascaded multilevel inverter by introducing properly arranged and designed passive filters. The embodiments of the invention do not include an active semiconductor device, and as such, the leakage current suppression techniques of the present invention retain the simple structure of the cascaded inverter and do not complicate the associated control system.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-29
Identifier: FSU_uspto_9748863, 9748863, 1020736, 15/248980, 6c9256d97d167832cbab694dc904bd27
Format: Citation

Title: Spin susceptibility of charge-ordered YBaCuO across the upper critical field.
Creator: Zhou, Rui, Hirata, Michihiro, Wu, Tao, Vinograd, Igor, Mayaffre, Hadrien, Krämer, Steffen, Reyes, Arneil P, Kuhns, Philip L, Liang, Ruixing, Hardy, W N, Bonn, D A, Julien, Marc...
Show moreZhou, Rui, Hirata, Michihiro, Wu, Tao, Vinograd, Igor, Mayaffre, Hadrien, Krämer, Steffen, Reyes, Arneil P, Kuhns, Philip L, Liang, Ruixing, Hardy, W N, Bonn, D A, Julien, Marc-Henri
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Abstract/Description: The value of the upper critical field , a fundamental characteristic of the superconducting state, has been subject to strong controversy in high- copper oxides. Since the issue has been tackled almost exclusively by macroscopic techniques so far, there is a clear need for local-probe measurements. Here, we use O NMR to measure the spin susceptibility [Formula: see text] of the CuO planes at low temperature in charge-ordered YBaCuO We find that [Formula: see text] increases (most likely...
Show moreThe value of the upper critical field , a fundamental characteristic of the superconducting state, has been subject to strong controversy in high- copper oxides. Since the issue has been tackled almost exclusively by macroscopic techniques so far, there is a clear need for local-probe measurements. Here, we use O NMR to measure the spin susceptibility [Formula: see text] of the CuO planes at low temperature in charge-ordered YBaCuO We find that [Formula: see text] increases (most likely linearly) with magnetic field and saturates above field values ranging from 20 T to 40 T. This result is consistent with the lowest values claimed previously and with the interpretation that the charge density wave (CDW) reduces in underdoped YBaCuO Furthermore, the absence of marked deviation in [Formula: see text] at the onset of long-range CDW order indicates that this [Formula: see text] reduction and the Fermi-surface reconstruction are primarily rooted in the short-range CDW order already present in zero field, not in the field-induced long-range CDW order. Above [Formula: see text], the relatively low values of [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] K show that the pseudogap is a ground-state property, independent of the superconducting gap.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-12
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29183974, 10.1073/pnas.1711445114, PMC5740678, 29183974, 29183974, 1711445114
Format: Citation

Title: Luminescent zero-dimensional organic metal halide hybrids with near-unity quantum efficiency.
Creator: Zhou, Chenkun, Lin, Haoran, Tian, Yu, Yuan, Zhao, Clark, Ronald, Chen, Banghao, van de Burgt, Lambertus J, Wang, Jamie C, Zhou, Yan, Hanson, Kenneth, Meisner, Quinton J, Neu,...
Show moreZhou, Chenkun, Lin, Haoran, Tian, Yu, Yuan, Zhao, Clark, Ronald, Chen, Banghao, van de Burgt, Lambertus J, Wang, Jamie C, Zhou, Yan, Hanson, Kenneth, Meisner, Quinton J, Neu, Jennifer, Besara, Tiglet, Siegrist, Theo, Lambers, Eric, Djurovich, Peter, Ma, Biwu
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Abstract/Description: Single crystalline zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid materials with perfect host-guest structures have been developed as a new generation of highly efficient light emitters. Here we report a series of lead-free organic metal halide hybrids with a 0D structure, (CNHX)SnX (X = Br, I) and (CNH)SbX (X = Cl), in which the individual metal halide octahedra (SnX) and quadrangular pyramids (SbX) are completely isolated from each other and surrounded by the organic ligands CNHX and CNH,...
Show moreSingle crystalline zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid materials with perfect host-guest structures have been developed as a new generation of highly efficient light emitters. Here we report a series of lead-free organic metal halide hybrids with a 0D structure, (CNHX)SnX (X = Br, I) and (CNH)SbX (X = Cl), in which the individual metal halide octahedra (SnX) and quadrangular pyramids (SbX) are completely isolated from each other and surrounded by the organic ligands CNHX and CNH, respectively. The isolation of the photoactive metal halide species by the wide band gap organic ligands leads to no interaction or electronic band formation between the metal halide species, allowing the bulk materials to exhibit the intrinsic properties of the individual metal halide species. These 0D organic metal halide hybrids can also be considered as perfect host-guest systems, with the metal halide species periodically doped in the wide band gap matrix. Highly luminescent, strongly Stokes shifted broadband emissions with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQEs) of close to unity were realized, as a result of excited state structural reorganization of the individual metal halide species. Our discovery of highly luminescent single crystalline 0D organic-inorganic hybrid materials as perfect host-guest systems opens up a new paradigm in functional materials design.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-21
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29629122, 10.1039/c7sc04539e, PMC5870054, 29629122, 29629122, c7sc04539e
Format: Citation

Title: MicroRNA‑22 inhibits the proliferation and migration, and increases the cisplatin sensitivity, of osteosarcoma cells.
Creator: Zhou, Xiang, Natino, Dimple, Zhai, Xu, Gao, Zhongyang, He, Xijing
Abstract/Description: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the major type of primary bone tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may influence the tumor progression of OS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, a total of 7 patients with OS and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs...
Show moreOsteosarcoma (OS) is the major type of primary bone tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may influence the tumor progression of OS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, a total of 7 patients with OS and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in the serum of participants. Furthermore, the biological function of miR‑22 and S100A11 was examined in MG‑63 cells using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assays, Transwell migration assays and western blot analysis to determine the effects on cell proliferation, migration and protein expression, respectively, while MG‑63 cell sensitivity to cisplatin was assessed by measuring cell viability following cisplatin treatment and calculating the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Additionally, the association between miR‑22 and S100 calcium‑binding protein A11 (S100A11) was validated using a luciferase reporter assay. The results demonstrated that miR‑22 expression was significantly reduced in patients with OS and the MG‑63 OS cell line, compared with healthy volunteers and the normal osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line, respectively, while the expression of S100A11 was negatively associated with miR‑22 levels in the MG‑63 cell line. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‑22 inhibited the proliferation and migratory ability of MG‑63 cells, and increased the sensitivity of MG‑63 cells to cisplatin treatment; however, overexpression of S100A11 partially attenuated the alterations in proliferation, migratory ability and chemosensitivity that were induced by miR‑22 overexpression. In addition, it was confirmed that S100A11 is a direct target gene of miR‑22 in MG‑63 cells. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that miR‑22 may be a promising therapeutic target and may have potential as part of a combination treatment alongside chemotherapeutic agents for OS.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29568877, 10.3892/mmr.2018.8790, PMC5928679, 29568877, 29568877
Format: Citation

Title: Identification and functional characterization of circRNA-0008717 as an oncogene in osteosarcoma through sponging miR-203.
Creator: Zhou, Xiang, Natino, Dimple, Qin, Zili, Wang, Dong, Tian, Zhen, Cai, Xuan, Wang, Bo, He, Xijing
Abstract/Description: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a key regulator in the development and progression of human cancers, however its role in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the expression profiles and potential modulation of circRNA on osteosarcoma carcinogenesis. Human circRNA microarray was performed to screen for abnormally expressed circRNA in osteosarcoma tissue and circRNA-0008717 was identified as one circRNA significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma...
Show moreCircular RNA (circRNA) is a key regulator in the development and progression of human cancers, however its role in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the expression profiles and potential modulation of circRNA on osteosarcoma carcinogenesis. Human circRNA microarray was performed to screen for abnormally expressed circRNA in osteosarcoma tissue and circRNA-0008717 was identified as one circRNA significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissue. Osteosarcoma patients with high circRNA-0008717 expression had shortened survival. Gain and loss functional assays suggested that knockdown of circRNA-0008717 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but promoted cell apoptosis. By using biotin-labeled circRNA-0008717 probe to perform RNA precipitation in osteosarcoma cells, we identified miR-203 as the circ0008717-associated microRNA. Subsequently, Bmi-1 was identified as the functional target of miR-203. In addition, overexpression of circRNA-0008717 in osteosarcoma could elevate Bmi-1 expression, resulting in the promotion of osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, the tumor promoting effect of circRNA-0008717 was abolished by miR-203 mimics or Bmi-1 silencing vector. In conclusion, circRNA-0008717 plays an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma and may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, silence of circRNA-0008717 could be a future direction to develop a novel treatment strategy.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-20
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29854278, 10.18632/oncotarget.23466, PMC5976464, 29854278, 29854278, 23466
Format: Citation

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