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Interplay between Workload and Functional Perceptual-Cognitive-Affective Responses
Title
Interplay between Workload and Functional Perceptual-Cognitive-Affective Responses: An Inclusive Model.
Creator
Alvarez-Alvarado, Stacey, Chow, Graig M., Gabana, Nicole T., Hickner, Robert C., Tenenbaum, Gershon
Abstract/Description
The extent and manner to which the psychological states change as a function of physical effort and related physiological responses have been addressed separately in various theoretical frameworks. We explored a proposed conceptual scheme examining the relationship between perceived exertion, attentional allocation, and affective responses under different workload domains. Thirty male participants performed an incremental cycling test to assess the progression of rate of perceived exertion,...
Show moreThe extent and manner to which the psychological states change as a function of physical effort and related physiological responses have been addressed separately in various theoretical frameworks. We explored a proposed conceptual scheme examining the relationship between perceived exertion, attentional allocation, and affective responses under different workload domains. Thirty male participants performed an incremental cycling test to assess the progression of rate of perceived exertion, attentional focus, affect, and felt arousal along a parallel increase in heart rate (HR) using ventilatory threshold (VT) as a reference point. Results revealed that the VT acts as a metabolic landmark for the attention shifts toward aversive sensory cues, sustained increases in perceived exertion, negative valence, and physiological activation. Monitoring the dynamics of perceived exertion, attention, and affect can complement physiological measures for an accurate control of training workloads during exercise prescription.
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Date Issued
2019-04-01
Identifier
FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1556048022_c31426a7, 10.1123/jsep.2018-0336
Format
Citation
Metastable Pain-Attention Dynamics during Incremental Exhaustive Exercise.
Title
Metastable Pain-Attention Dynamics during Incremental Exhaustive Exercise.
Creator
Slapšinskaitė, Agnė, Hristovski, Robert, Razon, Selen, Balagué, Natàlia, Tenenbaum, Gershon
Abstract/Description
Pain attracts attention on the bodily regions. Attentional allocation toward pain results from the neural communication across the brain-wide network "connectome" . Connectome is intrinsically dynamic and spontaneously fluctuating on multiple time-scales. The present study delineates the pain-attention dynamics during incremental cycling performed until volitional exhaustion and investigates the potential presence of nested metastable dynamics. Fifteen young and physically active adults...
Show morePain attracts attention on the bodily regions. Attentional allocation toward pain results from the neural communication across the brain-wide network "connectome" . Connectome is intrinsically dynamic and spontaneously fluctuating on multiple time-scales. The present study delineates the pain-attention dynamics during incremental cycling performed until volitional exhaustion and investigates the potential presence of nested metastable dynamics. Fifteen young and physically active adults completed a progressive incremental cycling test and reported their discomfort and pain on a body map every 15 s. The analyses revealed that the number of body locations with perceived pain and discomfort increased throughout five temporal windows reaching an average of 4.26 ± 0.59 locations per participant. A total of 37 different locations were reported and marked as painful for all participants throughout the cycling task. Significant differences in entropy were observed between all temporal windows except the fourth and fifth windows. Transient dynamics of bodily locations with perceived discomfort and pain were spanned by three principal components. The metastable dynamics of the body pain locations groupings over time were discerned by three time scales: (1) the time scale of shifts (15 s); (2) the time scale of metastable configurations (100 s), and (3) the observational time scale (1000 s). The results of this study indicate that body locations perceived as painful increase throughout the incremental cycling task following a switching metastable and nested dynamics. These findings support the view that human brain is intrinsically organized into active, mutually interacting complex and nested functional networks, and that subjective experiences inherent in pain perception depict identical dynamical principles to the neural tissue in the brain.
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Date Issued
2017-01-06
Identifier
FSU_pmch_28111563, 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02054, PMC5216051, 28111563, 28111563
Format
Citation
Does Exercise Improve Cognitive Performance? A Conservative Message from Lord's Paradox.
Title
Does Exercise Improve Cognitive Performance? A Conservative Message from Lord's Paradox.
Creator
Liu, Sicong, Lebeau, Jean-Charles, Tenenbaum, Gershon
Abstract/Description
Although extant meta-analyses support the notion that exercise results in cognitive performance enhancement, methodology shortcomings are noted among primary evidence. The present study examined relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the past 20 years (1996-2015) for methodological concerns arise from Lord's paradox. Our analysis revealed that RCTs supporting the positive effect of exercise on cognition are likely to include Type I Error(s). This result can be attributed to...
Show moreAlthough extant meta-analyses support the notion that exercise results in cognitive performance enhancement, methodology shortcomings are noted among primary evidence. The present study examined relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the past 20 years (1996-2015) for methodological concerns arise from Lord's paradox. Our analysis revealed that RCTs supporting the positive effect of exercise on cognition are likely to include Type I Error(s). This result can be attributed to the use of gain score analysis on pretest-posttest data as well as the presence of control group superiority over the exercise group on baseline cognitive measures. To improve accuracy of causal inferences in this area, analysis of covariance on pretest-posttest data is recommended under the assumption of group equivalence. Important experimental procedures are discussed to maintain group equivalence.
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Date Issued
2016-07-21
Identifier
FSU_pmch_27493637, 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01092, PMC4954852, 27493637, 27493637
Format
Citation
Does Exercise Improve Cognitive Performance? A Conservative Message from Lord's Paradox
Title
Does Exercise Improve Cognitive Performance? A Conservative Message From Lord's Paradox.
Creator
Liu, Sicong, Lebeau, Jean-Charles, Tenenbaum, Gershon
Abstract/Description
Although extant meta-analyses support the notion that exercise results in cognitive performance enhancement, methodology shortcomings are noted among primary evidence. The present study examined relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the past 20 years (19962015) for methodological concerns arise from Lord's paradox. Our analysis revealed that RCTs supporting the positive effect of exercise on cognition are likely to include Type I Error(s). This result can be attributed to...
Show moreAlthough extant meta-analyses support the notion that exercise results in cognitive performance enhancement, methodology shortcomings are noted among primary evidence. The present study examined relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the past 20 years (19962015) for methodological concerns arise from Lord's paradox. Our analysis revealed that RCTs supporting the positive effect of exercise on cognition are likely to include Type I Error(s). This result can be attributed to the use of gain score analysis on pretest-posttest data as well as the presence of control group superiority over the exercise group on baseline cognitive measures. To improve accuracy of causal inferences in this area, analysis of covariance on pretest-posttest data is recommended under the assumption of group equivalence. Important experimental procedures are discussed to maintain group equivalence.
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Date Issued
2016-07-21
Identifier
FSU_libsubv1_wos_000380013400001, 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01092
Format
Citation
Aggression and Violence in Sport
Title
Aggression and Violence in Sport: Moving Beyond the Debate..
Creator
Sacks, David N, Petscher, Yaacov, Stanley, Christopher T, Tenenbaum, Gershon
Abstract/Description
This paper is the latest in a series of articles published in The Sport Psychologist in recent years on aggression and violence in sport (Kerr, 1999, 2002; Tenenbaum, Sacks, Miller, Golden, & Doolin, 2000; Tenenbaum, Stewart, Singer, & Duda, 1997). While these respective articles have presented dissenting views on the nature and prevention of aggression and violence in sport, the present paper proposes that much of the apparent disagreement is semantic in nature. Thus, this paper begins by...
Show moreThis paper is the latest in a series of articles published in The Sport Psychologist in recent years on aggression and violence in sport (Kerr, 1999, 2002; Tenenbaum, Sacks, Miller, Golden, & Doolin, 2000; Tenenbaum, Stewart, Singer, & Duda, 1997). While these respective articles have presented dissenting views on the nature and prevention of aggression and violence in sport, the present paper proposes that much of the apparent disagreement is semantic in nature. Thus, this paper begins by clarifying some definitional issues before specifying both areas of agreement and continued dissention among recent authors. Major emphases in this paper include the importance of adopting preventative rather than reactive measures to reduce the dangers associated with aggression and violence in sport, as well as the manner in which adult sport norms affect youth sport environments. In addition, several broader issues, which have emerged from these recent published debates, are presented for future consideration.
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Date Issued
2003-01-01
Identifier
FSU_pmch_26855638, 10.1080/1612197X.2003.9671710, PMC4743757, 26855638, 26855638
Format
Citation
Relationship of Measures of Sleep Quantity and Quality with Performance Variables in NCAA Division I Female Soccer Players
Title
Relationship of Measures of Sleep Quantity and Quality with Performance Variables in NCAA Division I Female Soccer Players.
Creator
Abegg, Marisa R., Panton, Lynn B., Kasper, Mark J., Ormsbee, Michael J., Tenenbaum, Gershon, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Food,...
Show moreAbegg, Marisa R., Panton, Lynn B., Kasper, Mark J., Ormsbee, Michael J., Tenenbaum, Gershon, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science
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Abstract/Description
BACKGROUND: The growth in popularity of women's soccer has led to an increased interest in the physical, physiological, and technical demands for these athletes. To meet these demands, optimal preparation and recovery are necessary. One growing area of interest in athletic performance is the role that sleep may have in preparation and recovery. However, details about sport-specific benefits of sleep are limited, particularly in female collegiate athletes. Athletes in the collegiate setting...
Show moreBACKGROUND: The growth in popularity of women's soccer has led to an increased interest in the physical, physiological, and technical demands for these athletes. To meet these demands, optimal preparation and recovery are necessary. One growing area of interest in athletic performance is the role that sleep may have in preparation and recovery. However, details about sport-specific benefits of sleep are limited, particularly in female collegiate athletes. Athletes in the collegiate setting may suffer from lack of sleep due to the stresses of academics and athletics. Moreover, measurement of sleep in elite college soccer players using actigraphy does not exist in the literature. PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between sleep quantity and quality and soccer-specific performance variables in an elite group of female soccer players. METHODS: Eight NCAA college-aged competitive Division I women's soccer players (18-23 yrs) participated in the study. Global Positioning Systems (GPS), heart rate monitoring and video analysis technologies were used during matches along with 24-hour actigraphy through the season. Actigraphy was also used to measure sleep quantity and quality. Data were collected for all 26 matches but only four competitive matches were included in the analysis as they met the following requirements: an evening match beginning at 1900 EST, time zones were not traveled across, goal differential was no more than two points (indicating a high level of competition) and for players' data to be included they must have played at least 45 minutes of the 90-minute match. The night prior to the match was included for the data analyses of sleep quantity and quality. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was utilized to determine whether the vectors of the means in groups of variables were significant. Paired t-tests were used to analyze if differences in variables of performance existed after the "best" and "worst" nights of sleep for quantity and quality. Significance was set at p[less than]0.05. RESULTS: Mean sleep quantity and quality for the "best" (575.0 ± 38.4 minutes, 91.9 ± 2.6% of time in bed spent sleeping) and "worst" (416 ± 57.6 minutes, 76.2 ± 12.1% of time in bed spent sleeping) nights were significantly different. The MANOVAs were not significantly different for the physiological and physical variables for quantity and quality of sleep. No differences in performance variables were observed after "best" and "worst" quantity sleep matches. However, differences existed between "best" and "worst" quality of sleep. Percent time spent exercising above 85% of the maximal heart rate (HRmax) was significantly lower after the "best" night of sleep (30.2 ± 13.5 vs. 47.9 ± 24.3%). Heart rate exertion was higher after the "best" night of sleep (518.5 ± 193.1 vs. 387.6 ± 148.9 AU) meaning the athletes were exercising at higher heart rates throughout the match without spending as much time in the anaerobic zone ([greater than]85%HRmax). High metabolic load distance (distance running at speeds greater than 19 km/hr and distance accelerating or decelerating quickly ([greater than]2 m/s^2) was lower after the "best" quality night (11.8 ± 3.6 vs. 16.3 ± 6.0 yds/min) and the number of decelerations was higher after the "best" quality night (69.7 ± 28.1 vs. 50.6 ± 25.9) indicating less stress on the body. CONCLUSION: Quality of sleep is important for reducing the time spent exercising in the anaerobic zone ([greater than]85% HRmax). However the time spent exercising at high heart rates below the ventilatory threshold may be increased after a night of better sleep quality, indicating an increased aerobic capacity during a competitive women's soccer match.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
FSU_2015fall_Abegg_fsu_0071N_12918
Format
Thesis
Stripping the Yield Curve with Maximally Smooth Forward Curves
Title
Stripping the Yield Curve with Maximally Smooth Forward Curves.
Creator
Jerassy-Etzion, Yaniv, Beaumont, Paul M., Tenenbaum, Gershon, Rasmussen, David, Norrbin, Stefan, Department of Economics, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
Continuous discount functions and forward rate curves are needed for nearly all asset pricing applications. Unfortunately, forward curves are not directly observable so they must be constructed from existing fixed-income security prices. In this paper I present two algorithms to construct maximally smooth forward rate and discount curves from the term structure of on-the-run U.S. treasury bills and bonds. I use on-the-run treasuries to get the most recent and liquid prices available. The...
Show moreContinuous discount functions and forward rate curves are needed for nearly all asset pricing applications. Unfortunately, forward curves are not directly observable so they must be constructed from existing fixed-income security prices. In this paper I present two algorithms to construct maximally smooth forward rate and discount curves from the term structure of on-the-run U.S. treasury bills and bonds. I use on-the-run treasuries to get the most recent and liquid prices available. The maximum smoothness criterion produces more accurate prices for derivatives such as swaps and ensures that no artificial arbitrage will be introduced when using the constructed forward curve for pricing out-of-sample securities. When coupon bonds are included among the securities it is necessary to both strip the coupon payments and interpolate the spot curve. To be consistent, these steps must be done simultaneously but this complication usually leads to highly nonlinear algorithms. The first method I describe uses an iterated, piecewise, quartic polynomial interpolation (IPQPI) of the forward curve that only requires the solution of linear equations while maintaining minimal pricing errors and maximum smoothness of the interpolated curves.The second method uses a genetic programming (GP) algorithm that searches over the space of diferentiable functions for maximally smooth forward curves with minimal pricing errors. I find that the IPQPI method performs better than the GP and other algorithms commonly used in industry and academics.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-3526
Format
Thesis
Efficacy of Dried Plum in Modulting Biomarkers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women
Title
The Efficacy of Dried Plum in Modulting Biomarkers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women.
Creator
Saadat, Raz L., Arjmandi, Bahram H., Spicer, Maria, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
Previous studies from our lab suggest that dried plum may exert positive effects on biomarkers of bone turnover in animal studies and a short-term clinical trial. Dried plum is not only a rich source of vitamins, minerals and polyphenols, but has been reported as having high antioxidant properties that may be responsible in prevention of bone loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three-month dried plum consumption on the biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal...
Show morePrevious studies from our lab suggest that dried plum may exert positive effects on biomarkers of bone turnover in animal studies and a short-term clinical trial. Dried plum is not only a rich source of vitamins, minerals and polyphenols, but has been reported as having high antioxidant properties that may be responsible in prevention of bone loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three-month dried plum consumption on the biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. A total of 123 postmenopausal women experiencing mild bone loss and who were free of hormone replacement therapy were randomly assigned to consume either 100 grams of dried plum or a nutritional equivalence of dried apple for three consecutive months. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-SAP), osteocalcin (OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP5b), and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) were analyzed at baseline and after three months to test the effect of daily consumption of dried plum on bone turnover markers. Repeated measures (RM) multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by RM ANOVA were conducted to analyze the results. Findings of this study indicated no significant differences between the dried plum and dried apple groups when the data were analyzed considering treatment by time interaction. However, treatment by dried plum increased Dpd, while time decreased TRAP5b and increased OC in the dried plum group. The inconsistency between markers of resorption, Dpd and TRAP5b, as well as discrepancies between our findings and previous studies suggests that blood and serum markers cannot be used to predict the effect of dried plum on bone density unless bone mineral density (BMD) is measured as the end point variable that would require study duration of at least six months and preferably longer.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-2143
Format
Thesis
Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Vascular and Cardiac Autonomic Responses to Post-Exercise Muscle Ischemia Concurrent with Cold Pressor Test
Title
The Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Vascular and Cardiac Autonomic Responses to Post-Exercise Muscle Ischemia Concurrent with Cold Pressor Test.
Creator
Kalfon, Roy, Figueroa, Arturo, Ormsbee, Michael, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that cardiovascular events are more prevalent in the winter than in other season. Although the exact mechanisms are not completely understood, previous findings indicate that acute cold exposure increases sympathetic activity, arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]), and blood pressure (BP) as well as impairs endothelial function. Moreover, obesity is characterized by increased sympathetic activity and BP, which may further represent a...
Show moreBACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that cardiovascular events are more prevalent in the winter than in other season. Although the exact mechanisms are not completely understood, previous findings indicate that acute cold exposure increases sympathetic activity, arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]), and blood pressure (BP) as well as impairs endothelial function. Moreover, obesity is characterized by increased sympathetic activity and BP, which may further represent a potential mechanism responsible for cardiovascular events. There is increasing evidence that recovery from an acute bout of exercise is a vulnerable phase for cardiac events. Therefore, the elucidation of cardiovascular responses to post-exercise recovery concurrent with cold exposure in overweight/obese individuals is of clinical importance. Submaximal isometric-handgrip (IHG) exercise has been previously used as a means for evaluating the role of the exercise pressor reflex (muscle metaboreflex) on the cardiovascular system and cardiac autonomic function. The exercise pressor reflex can be evaluated using the technique of post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI), which by trapping metabolites in a previously exercised muscle, sustains the vascular sympathetic stimulation evoked during exercise in a controlled fashion. Recently, oral supplementation with the amino acid L-citrulline (L-cit) has been proposed as a possible adjunct treatment for hypertension and arterial stiffness. L-cit is known to enhance the bioavailability of L-arginine, the endothelial substrate for the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Our group demonstrated that L-cit supplementation effectively attenuates the hemodynamic responses to cold pressor test (CPT); however, the potential cardio-protective effects of L-cit supplementation to reduce cold-induced hypertension (CIH) during exercise pressor reflex activation have yet to be evaluated. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was twofold. 1) To evaluate the acute effects of the exercise pressor reflex imposed by PEMI and PEMI concurrent with CPT (PEMI+CPT) on hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, and cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy overweight/obese men, and 2) to examine the effects of a 14-day course of L-cit supplementation on hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, and cardiac autonomic modulation during IHG exercise, PEMI, and PEMI+CPT in healthy overweight/obese men. METHODS: Sixteen healthy young (24 ± 1.5 y) overweight/obese men were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (maltodextrin) or L-cit (6 g/day) for 14 days in a cross-over fashion. Following 5 min of resting measurements, the participants were asked to perform two trials in a randomized order. In one trial, the participants perform a 2-min IHG exercise (30% of maximal voluntary contraction) followed by a 3-min PEMI. Following a 15-min recovery period, the participants were asked to perform a 2-min IHG exercise followed by a 3-min PEMI concurrent with CPT. Brachial systolic BP (bSBP), brachial diastolic BP (bDBP), aortic systolic BP (aSBP), aortic diastolic BP (aDBP), augmentation index (AIx), first (P1) and second systolic peak (P2, wave reflection magnitude), brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV, arterial stiffness), heart rate (HR), and HR variability (HRV, cardiac autonomic modulation) were evaluated at rest, during IHG, PEMI, and PEMI+CPT. All measurements were re-evaluated after 14 days. RESULTS: Height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference were 1.72 ± 0.01 m, 86.8 ± 3.7 kg, 29.3 ± 1.1 kg/m2, and 98 ± 3 cm, respectively. At baseline, all hemodynamic parameters increased (P<0.01) during IHG exercise and remained elevated during PEMI and PEMI+CPT. BSBP, bDBP, aSBP, aDBP, P1, and P2 were higher (P<0.01) during PEMI+CPT compared to PEMI. Sympathetic activity increased similarly during IHG and PEMI with a further increase during PEMI+CPT. During PEMI+CPT, HR and low frequency components of the HRV (LnLF and nLF, markers of sympathetic activity) were higher (P<0.05) whereas the high frequency (LnHF), a marker of parasympathetic activity, was decreased (P<0.01) compared to PEMI. There were no significant changes in all hemodynamic parameters at rest after the treatments. During IHG, L-cit significantly decreased bDBP (-10 ± 3 mmHg; P<0.01), aSBP (-8 ± 3 mmHg; P<0.05), AIx (-14.2 ± 3.1 %; P<0.05), and P2 (-8 ± 3 mmHg; P<0.01) compared to no changed after placebo. During PEMI, L-cit significantly decreased bDBP (-10 ± 3 mmHg; P<0.05), aDBP (-8 ± 2 mmHg; P<0.01), and AIx (-8.6 ± 2.0 %; P<0.01) compared to no changes after placebo. During PEMI+CPT, L-cit significantly decreased bSBP (-11 ± 3 mmHg; P<0.01), bDBP (-11 ± 2 mmHg; P<0.01), aSBP (-13 ± 3 mmHg; P<0.01), aDBP (-10 ± 2 mmHg; P<0.01), AIx (-13.8 ± 2.2 %; P<0.01), P1 (-7 ± 2 mmHg; P<0.01), P2 (-14 ± 3 mmHg; P<0.01) and baPWV (-0.9 ± 0.4 m/s; P<0.05). There were no significant changes in all HRV parameters after the treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that post-exercise metaboreflex activation concurrent with cold exposure imposes an additional cardiovascular stress due to increased sympathetic activity. In addition, we showed that L-cit supplementation attenuates the exercise pressor responses imposed by IHG exercise and PEMI. Furthermore, we showed that L-cit supplementation is an effective means to decrease the CIH responses during post-exercise metaboreflex activation. In conclusion, L-cit supplementation may be a potential adjunct treatment to reduce the CIH responses and ultimately provide cardio-protective effect to those who perform exercise in low environmental temperatures.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-8820
Format
Thesis
Effects of Daily Incorporation of Strawberries into the Diet on Bone Biomarkers and Blood Pressure in Postmenopausal Women with Pre- and Stage 1-Hypertension
Title
The Effects of Daily Incorporation of Strawberries into the Diet on Bone Biomarkers and Blood Pressure in Postmenopausal Women with Pre- and Stage 1-Hypertension.
Creator
Feresin, Rafaela G., Arjmandi, Bahram H., Brummel-Smith, Kenneth, Figueroa, Arturo, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Department of...
Show moreFeresin, Rafaela G., Arjmandi, Bahram H., Brummel-Smith, Kenneth, Figueroa, Arturo, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science
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Abstract/Description
Background and Significance: The postmenopausal period is characterized by ovarian hormone deficiency which increases the production of pro-inflammatory molecules with a concomitant rise in oxidative stress levels. This cascade of events negatively affect bone metabolism with a subsequent development of osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures. Ovarian hormone deficiency is also linked to greater incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in part, due to compromised endothelial function...
Show moreBackground and Significance: The postmenopausal period is characterized by ovarian hormone deficiency which increases the production of pro-inflammatory molecules with a concomitant rise in oxidative stress levels. This cascade of events negatively affect bone metabolism with a subsequent development of osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures. Ovarian hormone deficiency is also linked to greater incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in part, due to compromised endothelial function which may result in elevated blood pressure (BP), a major modifiable risk for CVD. Although osteoporosis and hypertension are commonly regarded as two separate chronic diseases, their pathophysiology appear to be linked as prospective studies have demonstrated a correlation between decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and hypertension. Even though a number of medications are available to treat these conditions, they are not free of side effects. Thus, a considerable number of people prefer alternative and/or complementary therapies such as functional foods and dietary supplements over conventional treatment options. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased incidence of chronic diseases which is mainly attributed to the polyphenol content of these foods. Strawberries are widely consumed in the United States and are reported to have a high phenolic content which confers to them strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilator properties. Objective: The main objective of this eight-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the extent to which daily consumption of strawberries would favorably alter blood biomarkers of bone metabolism and reduce BP by improving endothelial function in pre- and stage 1-hypertensive postmenopausal women. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether increases in antioxidant capacity and decreases in inflammatory markers were, in part, responsible for strawberries' protective effects on bone and endothelium. Methods: Sixty women (age: 59.63 ± 5.31 years; body mass index [BMI]: 31.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2; BMD: 1.15 ± 0.13 g/cm2, systolic BP: 139 ± 13 mmHg, diastolic BP: 79 ± 7 mmHg [means ± SDs]) were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n=20 per group): (1) placebo-control, (2) 25g of freeze-dried strawberry powder (FDSP; equivalent to 1½ cups of sliced fresh strawberries), and (3) 50g of FDSP (equivalent to 3 cups of sliced fresh strawberries). Body composition and BMD of whole body, lumbar spine, hip, and forearm as well as body composition were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. BP was assessed using an automatic device. Blood biomarkers of bone metabolism, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation were assessed using immunoassay and colorimetric kits. Dietary and physical activity patterns were also monitored over the course of the study using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures analysis of variance. Results: As anticipated, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among groups. No changes were noted for body composition and BMD in any of the intervention groups, as expected. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase levels, a marker of bone formation, were unaltered whereas a negative time effect (p =. 002) for serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, a marker of bone resorption, was detected in the placebo-control and 25g FDSP groups. A negative time effect was noted for systolic BP in all three groups while diastolic BP was unaltered after eight weeks of treatment. Plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator molecule, increased by 23% and 56% in the 25g and 50g FDSP groups, respectively, and decreased in the placebo-control group by 3% compared to baseline levels (p =. 04). Furthermore, levels of angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor molecule, decreased in all three intervention groups (p =. 03). Lastly, a time-by-treatment interaction (p = .034) was detected for plasma levels of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory molecule, which increased in the 25g and 50g FDSP groups by 5 and 6%, respectively, and decreased in the placebo-control group by 30% after eight weeks of supplementation. Conclusion: Daily consumption of strawberries for eight weeks did not alter BP, but improved plasma NO levels, though not statistically significant, as well as plasma levels of adiponectin which can be beneficial for bone and endothelial health. Further studies are warranted to examine the efficacy of long-term incorporation of strawberries into the diet on a number of health outcomes including bone and vascular health.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-9331
Format
Thesis
effect of olfactory ovulation cues on males' attention allocation and perception of exertion
Title
The effect of olfactory ovulation cues on males' attention allocation and perception of exertion.
Creator
Basevitch, Itay, Razon, Selen, Filho, Edson, Boiangin, Nataniel, Gutierrez, Oscar, Braun, Robyn, Arsal, Guler, Tenenbaum, Gershon
Abstract/Description
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of olfactory ovulation cues (i.e., female body odors) on a range of psychological, physiological, and behavioral indices in males during an exertive motor task. Eighty-eight male participants performed a handgrip squeezing task at 20% of maximum squeezing capacity to volitional fatigue. There were three conditions to the study: control, placebo, and ovulation. Researchers recoded participants' rate of perceived exertion (RPE),...
Show moreThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of olfactory ovulation cues (i.e., female body odors) on a range of psychological, physiological, and behavioral indices in males during an exertive motor task. Eighty-eight male participants performed a handgrip squeezing task at 20% of maximum squeezing capacity to volitional fatigue. There were three conditions to the study: control, placebo, and ovulation. Researchers recoded participants' rate of perceived exertion (RPE), attention allocation, heart rate (HR), and skin conductance response (SCR). Multivariate analysis did not reveal significant differences among the groups. However, as task duration increased, small to large effect sizes (Cohen's d; d = .13 - .60) emerged between the ovulation and both the control and placebo groups for HR, SCR, and attention allocation. Effect size magnitude suggests female ovulation cues may have a delayed effect on males' attention and RPE during an exertive task. Future research should focus on alternative methods of collection and distribution of olfactory ovulation cues. To increase ecological validity, research also needs to test these effects by means of diverse tasks and settings (aerobic tasks, team tasks).
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Date Issued
2013
Identifier
FSU_migr_edpsy_faculty_publications-0004
Format
Citation
Effects of Resistance Exercise & Dried Plum Consumption on Body Composition, Muscular Strength, & Physical Function in Breast Cancer Survivors
Title
Effects of Resistance Exercise & Dried Plum Consumption on Body Composition, Muscular Strength, & Physical Function in Breast Cancer Survivors.
Creator
Simonavice, Emily Meghan, Panton, Lynn B., Tenenbaum, Gershon, Arjmandi, Bahram H., Ilich, Jasminka Z., Kim, Jeong-Su, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science,...
Show moreSimonavice, Emily Meghan, Panton, Lynn B., Tenenbaum, Gershon, Arjmandi, Bahram H., Ilich, Jasminka Z., Kim, Jeong-Su, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science, Florida State University
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Abstract/Description
Breast cancer survivors (BCS) encounter side effects from cancer treatments that negatively affect body composition. Studies have shown that resistance training (RT) and dried plum (DP) consumption may elicit positive body composition changes. The purpose was to assess 27 BCS, (RT, n=14; RT+DP, n=13) pre-and post-intervention (6 months) on the following variables: total body and regional sites (lumbar spine, femur, and forearm) of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (by dual...
Show moreBreast cancer survivors (BCS) encounter side effects from cancer treatments that negatively affect body composition. Studies have shown that resistance training (RT) and dried plum (DP) consumption may elicit positive body composition changes. The purpose was to assess 27 BCS, (RT, n=14; RT+DP, n=13) pre-and post-intervention (6 months) on the following variables: total body and regional sites (lumbar spine, femur, and forearm) of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), biochemical markers of bone turnover (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP-5b), muscular strength (chest press and leg extension 1-repetition maximums), and physical function (Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance test). RT consisted of two days/week of ten exercises including two sets of 8-12 repetitions at ~60-80% of 1RM. RT+DP also consumed 90g of DP daily. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no baseline differences between groups for any of the variables. A two-way group x time ANOVA revealed no interaction for any variables. Time effects were observed for BMD of the right forearm, with the RT+DP group losing significant (p<0.05) BMD from baseline to 6 months (0.476±0.059 to 0.464±0.054g/cm2). No other BMD or body composition variables were changed over the course of the study. TRAP-5b was significantly (p<0.05) decreased for the RT group (4.55±1.57 to 4.03±1.81U/L) as well as for the RT+DP group (p=0.07) (5.10±2.75 to 3.77±1.80U/L). BAP did not change over the course of the study. BCS significantly (p<0.05) increased upper [RT(68±20 to 82±21kg); RT+DP(72±24 to 96±22kg)] and lower [RT(72±19 to 88±28kg); RT+DP(77±17 to 99±19kg)] body strength and total physical function [RT(67.2±10.2 to 73.5±10.1units); RT+DP(63.7±14.1to 73.6±14.5units)]. Results showed DP did not provide additional BMD or biochemical bone turnover benefits to RT for the variables assessed. RT could be an effective means to improve biochemical markers of bone turnover, muscular strength, and physical function in BCS. A longer intervention may be needed to elicit positive changes in body composition and BMD and to reveal the true effects of DP on modulating BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-5184
Format
Thesis
Use of Pedometers for Promoting Increased Physical Activity Levels and Positive Attitudes Towards Physical Activity in Children
Title
The Use of Pedometers for Promoting Increased Physical Activity Levels and Positive Attitudes Towards Physical Activity in Children.
Creator
Hill, Kory, Imwold, Charles, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Ratliffe, Thomas, Walsdorf, Kristi, Department of Sport Management, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
This study sought to examine the influence of wearing pedometers on activity levels, attitudes towards activity, and knowledge of physical activity. The participants were members of three intact 4th-grade Physical Education classes from three elementary schools in the Calhoun County School District, Calhoun County, Alabama. A simplified and modified version of the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT; McKenzie, Sallis, & Nader, 1991) was used to gather information regarding...
Show moreThis study sought to examine the influence of wearing pedometers on activity levels, attitudes towards activity, and knowledge of physical activity. The participants were members of three intact 4th-grade Physical Education classes from three elementary schools in the Calhoun County School District, Calhoun County, Alabama. A simplified and modified version of the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT; McKenzie, Sallis, & Nader, 1991) was used to gather information regarding the student's physical activity levels during physical education classes. A questionnaire assessed affective traits and knowledge of physical activity. The TPB Questionnaire was designed to elicit information on: intentions, attitude, and perceived behavioral control as they relate to physical activity. The added knowledge variable consisted of two questions that related the ideas of physical activity levels and health benefits. The treatment consisted of wearing pedometers either during physical education class only or all day long. There was also a Control Group that did not wear any pedometers at all. The four week treatment period was preceded by two weeks of gathering baseline data and two weeks of post treatment observation. There were no significant differences in the physical activity levels of students wearing pedometers when compared to students without pedometers. A MANOVA revealed main effects indicating that the group wearing the pedometers all day had a significant change in perceived behavioral control scores and knowledge scores. The results are noteworthy because perceptions of behavioral control and fitness knowledge are associated with higher levels of physical activity.
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Date Issued
2006
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-4047
Format
Thesis
Mental Representation Mediation in Expert Golf Putting
Title
Mental Representation Mediation in Expert Golf Putting.
Creator
Hill, Leonard A., Ericsson, K. Anders, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Charness, Neil, Johnson, J. Franklyn, Plant, E. Ashby, Department of Psychology, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
The current study is an initial investigation of expert performance theory in golf putting. According to Ericsson and colleagues (Ericsson & Smith, 1991; Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Römer, 1993), a performer's mental representations are the primary mediator of performance and the degree of refinement of those representations determine the level of performance in a domain. This study's purpose is to investigate golf putting performance in situations that require representational guidance to...
Show moreThe current study is an initial investigation of expert performance theory in golf putting. According to Ericsson and colleagues (Ericsson & Smith, 1991; Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Römer, 1993), a performer's mental representations are the primary mediator of performance and the degree of refinement of those representations determine the level of performance in a domain. This study's purpose is to investigate golf putting performance in situations that require representational guidance to analyze, plan and execute putts in various putting situations. Using a screen to block visual access to the putting situation (occluded condition), this study examined expert and novice golfers in various putting situations to determine their ability to perform using only their mental representations to establish direction and distance when putting to targets of different lengths and over different terrain. Results showed that on a level putt from 23 feet, both experts and novices averaged within just over two feet laterally from the target (direction) and overall 3.5 to 5.5 feet from the target. This represents general competence in putting under occluded conditions, though none were trained in this condition. On substantially more difficult occluded putts, all golfers averaged within 10 feet of the target, on targets where they averaged more than 8 feet in the visible condition. Having acquired more refined representations, the experts, on the 23 foot occluded single target, were 35% more accurate than the less skilled golfers, and in the most complex putting situation (multi-breaking 28 foot putt), experts were 37% more accurate. These results support Ericsson and colleagues expert performance theories in mental representation mediation of performance and representational refinement mediation of levels of performance.
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Date Issued
2007
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-4045
Format
Thesis
Psychological Factors in Perceived and Sustained Effort
Title
Psychological Factors in Perceived and Sustained Effort.
Creator
Hutchinson, Jasmin C. R., Tenenbaum, Gershon, Panton, Lynn, Pargman, David, Kamata, Akhito, Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was threefold; (a) to determine how different components of effort are perceived during physical activity; (b) to examine whether attention focus varies as a function of intensity during physical activity; and (c) to test the effect of dispositional and task-specific self-efficacy on the ability to tolerate sustained physical activity. Adult male and female participants were exposed to the sensation of physical effort via two exhaustive tasks: a handgrip squeezing...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was threefold; (a) to determine how different components of effort are perceived during physical activity; (b) to examine whether attention focus varies as a function of intensity during physical activity; and (c) to test the effect of dispositional and task-specific self-efficacy on the ability to tolerate sustained physical activity. Adult male and female participants were exposed to the sensation of physical effort via two exhaustive tasks: a handgrip squeezing task (n=35) and a stationary cycling task (n=13). Three clusters of perceived effort sensations (physical, motivational, and affective sensations) were measured at regular intervals for the duration of the two tasks. Results indicated that the three sensations were perceived distinctly, and operated differently in the duration of the two physical tasks. Thus it was concluded that feelings of effort are a consequence of several distinct physiological and psychological determinants. The consequences of this for the efficacy of a single-item measure of perceived effort are discussed. Information regarding participant's thoughts during the two tasks was gathered through self-report, and classified to reveal patterns of associative and dissociative attention focus. It was expected that attention focus would be primarily associative in the latter stages of the two tasks, due to overwhelming physiological sensations resulting from the extreme physical load. Results indicated a convergence of increased proportion of associative thoughts with an increase in physical load. Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed in both tasks. Based upon these findings practical suggestions are made for recreational exercisers and endurance athletes. Self-efficacy was expected to be a strong determinant of effort tolerance (i.e., the ability to tolerate the exertive task for a sustained period of time). Task-specific self-efficacy and task-specific perceived ability were found to contribute significantly to accounted variance of exertion tolerance in the handgrip task, while physical self-efficacy and training history were found to contribute significantly to accounted variance of exertion tolerance in the cycle task. Thus, it was concluded that self-efficacy plays an important role in tolerating sustained physical effort. Based upon this it is suggested that optimizing self-efficacy should be a fundamental part of any exercise program
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Date Issued
2004
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-3387
Format
Thesis
Examining the Employee-Customer Chain in the Fitness Industry
Title
Examining the Employee-Customer Chain in the Fitness Industry.
Creator
Makover, Bosmat, Kent, Aubrey, Kamata, Akihito, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Mondello, Michael, Department of Sport Management, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this research was to develop and test a model of the relationship between contact-employees and customers in a sport organization based on the balanced scorecard framework (Kaplan & Norton, 1992, 1993) and the Sears' model (Rucci, Kirn, & Quinn, 1998). Specifically, the model proposed that employee attitudes (self-efficacy, organizational commitment and job satisfaction) and behaviors (in-role job performance and organizational citizenship behaviors) impact customer level...
Show moreThe purpose of this research was to develop and test a model of the relationship between contact-employees and customers in a sport organization based on the balanced scorecard framework (Kaplan & Norton, 1992, 1993) and the Sears' model (Rucci, Kirn, & Quinn, 1998). Specifically, the model proposed that employee attitudes (self-efficacy, organizational commitment and job satisfaction) and behaviors (in-role job performance and organizational citizenship behaviors) impact customer level outcomes (perceived service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty). Data were collected from contact-employees (n = 112) and customers (n = 303) representing 20 fitness clubs in South Florida. Linear hierarchical regressions followed by Structural Equation Modeling analysis were performed to evaluate the fit of the model to the data. The results provided support for the proposed model as employee attitudes predicted employee behaviors, and customer perceived service quality predicted customer satisfaction and loyalty. Moreover, employee variables account for 54% of the customer perceived service quality variance, and 83% of the customer loyalty total variance. Managerial implications and directions for further research are discussed.
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Date Issued
2003
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-2781
Format
Thesis
Study of the Effectiveness of Modern Digital Imaging Techniques with Middle School Physical Education Students during the Development and Acquisition of Motor Skills
Title
A Study of the Effectiveness of Modern Digital Imaging Techniques with Middle School Physical Education Students during the Development and Acquisition of Motor Skills.
Creator
Taylor, Seann L., Imwold, Charles, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Ratliffe, Thomas, Walsdorf, Kristie, Department of Sport Management, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
As evidenced in the literature, innovations and enhancements in video technology have enabled educators in various content areas to provide an alternative, yet innovative means of presenting information and feedback to students. Research has also shown the effectiveness of video with professional athletes, college athletes, and higher skilled students. However, research dealing with the effectiveness of video with lower skilled students in physical education is minimal. Knowing this, the...
Show moreAs evidenced in the literature, innovations and enhancements in video technology have enabled educators in various content areas to provide an alternative, yet innovative means of presenting information and feedback to students. Research has also shown the effectiveness of video with professional athletes, college athletes, and higher skilled students. However, research dealing with the effectiveness of video with lower skilled students in physical education is minimal. Knowing this, the current study examined the effectiveness of digital video feedback when used with students who were in the beginning or associative stages of learning. The study also examined if any learning differences existed between males and females when using video feedback and the role video feedback played in student motivation. Participants (n=73) were divided into three interventions (video, traditional, verbal) and were given the task of juggling a soccer ball as many times as they could with their feet. After five weeks, a post-test and a retention test were given to each intervention. Results showed that when digital video feedback was used with eight grade physical education students in this particular context, no differences existed between the interventions for the post-test and retention test. Further results indicated that males and females reap similar benefits from using digital video feedback when used with the skill of soccer juggling. Qualitative results showed that when digital video feedback was used on a daily basis, it had the potential to negatively affect student motivation toward the skill being learned. Further insight and thoughts about the use and implementation of digital video feedback are discussed along with recommendations for future studies within this area.
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Date Issued
2006
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-1662
Format
Thesis
Effects of Coaches' Behaviors and Burnout on the Satisfaction and Burnout of Athletes
Title
The Effects of Coaches' Behaviors and Burnout on the Satisfaction and Burnout of Athletes.
Creator
Altahayneh, Ziad L., Kent, Aubrey, Tenenbaum, Gershon, Jackson, E. Newton, Quarterman, Jerome, Department of Sport Management, Florida State University
Abstract/Description
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between coaches' burnout, coaches' behaviors, and levels of burnout and satisfaction experienced by college athletes. The secondary purposes were to examine how coaches' levels of burnout were related to perceived coaching behavior, and to examine the link between athletes' levels of burnout and satisfaction. Forty two male and female coaches employed at the 8 public universities in Jordan, and 413 male and female college...
Show moreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between coaches' burnout, coaches' behaviors, and levels of burnout and satisfaction experienced by college athletes. The secondary purposes were to examine how coaches' levels of burnout were related to perceived coaching behavior, and to examine the link between athletes' levels of burnout and satisfaction. Forty two male and female coaches employed at the 8 public universities in Jordan, and 413 male and female college athletes participated in this study. The participants completed translated version of the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS; Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980), Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke & Smith, 2001), Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ; Riemer & Chelladurai, 1998), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, and stepwise regression. The results of this study suggest that there is a significant relationship between coaches' leadership behaviors and burnout. It was discovered that personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion to be significant predictors of the coaches' leadership behaviors. Significant relationships were found between perceived coaching behaviors and athletes' outcomes. Athletes who perceived their coaches as providing more training and instruction, social support, feedback, and exhibiting more democratic behavior and less autocratic behavior were more satisfied and less burned out. In addition, significant negative relationships were found between athletes' satisfaction and athletes' burnout.
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Date Issued
2003
Identifier
FSU_migr_etd-0005
Format
Thesis