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Title: Adaptation of Florida’s Urban Infrastructure to Climate Change.
Creator: Bloetscher, Frederick, Hoermann, Serena, Berry, Leonard
Abstract/Description: This chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With more than 1500 miles of coastline that contains numerus differences in character between the state’s southern-most point in the Florida Keys to the northwest Florida Panhandle and northeast Florida in Jacksonville, it is easy to see why areas across the state are not all the same; temperature, rainfall rates, and even the potential for sea level rise can vary significantly depending on what part of...
Show moreThis chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With more than 1500 miles of coastline that contains numerus differences in character between the state’s southern-most point in the Florida Keys to the northwest Florida Panhandle and northeast Florida in Jacksonville, it is easy to see why areas across the state are not all the same; temperature, rainfall rates, and even the potential for sea level rise can vary significantly depending on what part of the state one is in. For example, southeast Florida and the Tampa Bay area are already dealing with sea level rise issues, but there is much work to be done in order to assess the risks and help identify potential solutions. Efforts to adapt to rising seas will need to draw upon prior research and current work to develop tool box strategies that involve the hard and soft components. A background of impacts to water resources (less rainfall has been detected) will be discussed.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510253_5d0b606b, 10.17125/fci2017.ch11
Format: Citation

Title: Assessment of High‐Resolution Regional Ocean Prediction Systems Using Multi‐Platform Observations: Illustrations in the Western Mediterranean Sea.
Creator: Mourre, Baptiste, Aguiar, Eva, Juza, Melanie, Hernandez-Lasheras, Jaime, Reyes, Emma, Heslop, Emma, Escudier, Romain, Cutolo, Eugenio, Ruiz, Simon, Mason, Evan, Pascual, Ananda,...
Show moreMourre, Baptiste, Aguiar, Eva, Juza, Melanie, Hernandez-Lasheras, Jaime, Reyes, Emma, Heslop, Emma, Escudier, Romain, Cutolo, Eugenio, Ruiz, Simon, Mason, Evan, Pascual, Ananda, Tintore, Joaquin
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Abstract/Description: High-resolution regional models of the ocean circulation are now operated on a routine basis using realistic setups in many regions of the world, with the aim to be used for both scientific purposes and practical applications involving decision-making processes. While the evaluation of these simulations is essential for the provision of reliable information to users and allows the identification of areas of model improvement, it also highlights several challenges. Observations are limited and...
Show moreHigh-resolution regional models of the ocean circulation are now operated on a routine basis using realistic setups in many regions of the world, with the aim to be used for both scientific purposes and practical applications involving decision-making processes. While the evaluation of these simulations is essential for the provision of reliable information to users and allows the identification of areas of model improvement, it also highlights several challenges. Observations are limited and the real state of the ocean is, to a large extent, unknown at the short spatiotemporal scales resolved in these models. The skill of the model also generally varies with the region, variable, depth and the spatiotemporal scale under consideration. Moreover, the increased spatial resolution might require ad hoc metrics to properly reflect the model performance and reduce the impact of so-called “double-penalty” effects occurring when using point-topoint comparisons with features present in the model but misplaced with respect to the observations. Multiplatform observations currently collected through regional and coastal ocean observatories constitute very valuable databases to evaluate the simulations. Gliders, high frequency radars, moorings, Lagrangian surface drifters, and profiling floats all provide, with their own specific sampling capability, partial but accurate information about the ocean and its variability at different scales. This is complementary to the global measurements collected from satellites. Using a case study in the Western Mediterranean Sea, this chapter illustrates the opportunities offered by multi-platform measurements to assess the realism of highresolution regional model simulations.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536246976_5338033b, 10.17125/gov2018.ch24
Format: Citation

Title: Biogeochemical In Situ Observations – Motivation, Status, and New Frontiers.
Creator: Telszewski, Maciej, Palacz, Artur, Fischer, Albert
Abstract/Description: We begin this chapter on in situ biogeochemical observations by presenting the three major areas of societal benefit related to ocean observations: climate, operational ocean services, and ocean health. Biogeochemistry constitutes a varying proportion of each of these areas, while climate and ocean health benefit more from sustained flow of accurate information than operational ocean services. Once the societal drivers are presented, we focus on identifying the relevant phenomena that need...
Show moreWe begin this chapter on in situ biogeochemical observations by presenting the three major areas of societal benefit related to ocean observations: climate, operational ocean services, and ocean health. Biogeochemistry constitutes a varying proportion of each of these areas, while climate and ocean health benefit more from sustained flow of accurate information than operational ocean services. Once the societal drivers are presented, we focus on identifying the relevant phenomena that need quantifying. These phenomena are closely related to the scientific dimension, which helps to establish specific observing targets and observing system design. Scales, seasonality, and geographic limitations are briefly discussed. Consideration is also given to the fact that often a given biogeochemical phenomenon is primarily driven by physical processes (e.g., ventilation, air-sea fluxes) or biological and ecosystem mechanisms (e.g., organic matter cycling, eutrophication) and, therefore, parameters across all three disciplines ought to be measured. Next, we provide an overview of the current capabilities of the global ocean observing system (GOOS) for biogeochemistry. The capacity is considered as an ability (or lack thereof – a gap in capacity) to address the requirements stated in the earlier part of the chapter. A holistic approach to thinking about platforms and sensors is presented. In the following section, the data quality requirements and efforts, as well as data management practices are briefly explained. There has been a strong, long-standing effort among the carbon and biogeochemical observationalists to make biogeochemistry data not only freely available, but also quality-controlled and inter-comparable. These grassroots efforts eventually led to the successful creation of two information products: SOCAT and GLODAP, which are predominantly carbon-focused and represent almost exclusively ship-based, benchtop instrument-based observations. We also discuss an urgent need to expand biogeochemical data availability, quality control, and inter-comparability beyond carbon parameters and onto a wider suite of available platforms and observing techniques (sensors). Finally, to the extent possible, a perspective on existing and planned prototype technology is provided.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536169049_744c3715, 10.17125/gov2018.ch06
Format: Citation

Title: Causal Network Accounts of Ill-being: Depression & Digital Well-being.
Creator: Byrd, Nick
Abstract/Description: Depression is a common and devastating instance of ill-being which deserves an account. Moreover, the ill-being of depression is impacted by digital technology: some uses of digital technology increase such ill-being while other uses of digital technology increase well-being. So a good account of ill-being would explicate the antecedents of depressive symptoms and their relief, digitally and otherwise. This paper borrows a causal network account of well-being and applies it to ill-being,...
Show moreDepression is a common and devastating instance of ill-being which deserves an account. Moreover, the ill-being of depression is impacted by digital technology: some uses of digital technology increase such ill-being while other uses of digital technology increase well-being. So a good account of ill-being would explicate the antecedents of depressive symptoms and their relief, digitally and otherwise. This paper borrows a causal network account of well-being and applies it to ill-being, particularly depression. Causal networks are found to provide a principled, coherent, intuitively plausible, and empirically adequate account of cases of depression in everyday and digital contexts. Causal network accounts of illbeing also offer philosophical, scientific, and practical utility. Insofar as other accounts of ill-being cannot offer these advantages, we should prefer causal network accounts of ill-being.
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Date Issued: 2020
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1583266427_1eac7adf, TBD
Format: Citation

Title: Chapter 8 Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene as Additives in 3D Printing.
Creator: Acquah, Steve
Abstract/Description: 3D printing is a revolutionary technology for the consumer and industrial markets. As the technology for 3D printing has expanded, the need for multi-materials that support fused deposition modeling and other forms of additive manufacturing is increasing. 3D printing filaments infused with carbon nanotubes and graphene are now commercially available, with the promise of producing conductive composites. This chapter explores some of the research, products, and challenges involved in bringing...
Show more3D printing is a revolutionary technology for the consumer and industrial markets. As the technology for 3D printing has expanded, the need for multi-materials that support fused deposition modeling and other forms of additive manufacturing is increasing. 3D printing filaments infused with carbon nanotubes and graphene are now commercially available, with the promise of producing conductive composites. This chapter explores some of the research, products, and challenges involved in bringing the next generation of functional printing materials to the consumer market.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-20
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1518814002_543f25f6, 10.5772/63419
Format: Citation

Title: Climate and Weather Extremes.
Creator: Collins, Jennifer M., Paxton, Charles H., Wahl, Thomas, Emrich, Christopher T.
Abstract/Description: This chapter examines Florida’s extreme weather hazards: 1) why they happen, 2) their relation to interannual to multidecadal climate variability, and 3) the potential of each hazard and spatial variability across the state. The weather hazards indicated are under these broad categories: precipitation (rainfall, flooding, droughts), thunderstorms (lightning, hail, convective wind, tornadoes), tropical weather (tropical storms and hurricanes), and temperatures (extreme highs and lows). The...
Show moreThis chapter examines Florida’s extreme weather hazards: 1) why they happen, 2) their relation to interannual to multidecadal climate variability, and 3) the potential of each hazard and spatial variability across the state. The weather hazards indicated are under these broad categories: precipitation (rainfall, flooding, droughts), thunderstorms (lightning, hail, convective wind, tornadoes), tropical weather (tropical storms and hurricanes), and temperatures (extreme highs and lows). The conclusions section mainly addresses the challenge of attributing extreme events to human-induced climate change.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515512088_ebc082f3, 10.17125/fci2017.ch20
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Florida’s Agriculture.
Creator: Her, Young Gu, Boote, Kenneth J., Migliaccio, Kati W., Fraisse, Clyde, Letson, David, Mbuya, Odemari, Anandhi, Aavudai, Chi, Hongmei, Ngatia, Lucy, Asseng, Senthold
Abstract/Description: In this chapter, we describe Florida’s agriculture, the vulnerability of its crops and livestock to climate change and possible adaptation strategies. Much of Florida’s agricultural success is linked to its moderate climate, which allows vegetable and fruit crop production during the winter/spring season as well as the production of perennial crops such as citrus and sugarcane. In addition, there is a substantial livestock industry that uses the extensive perennial grasslands. While rising...
Show moreIn this chapter, we describe Florida’s agriculture, the vulnerability of its crops and livestock to climate change and possible adaptation strategies. Much of Florida’s agricultural success is linked to its moderate climate, which allows vegetable and fruit crop production during the winter/spring season as well as the production of perennial crops such as citrus and sugarcane. In addition, there is a substantial livestock industry that uses the extensive perennial grasslands. While rising CO2 is generally beneficial to crop production but detrimental to nutritional quality, increase in temperature will cause mostly negative effects on yield. Florida’s agriculture faces additional challenges from climate change characterized by sea level rise and intensified extreme climate events, affecting land and irrigation water availability, livestock productivity and pest and disease pressure. New technologies and adaptation strategies are needed for sustainable agricultural production in Florida, including increased water and nutrient use efficiency in crops, crop and livestock breeding for heat stress, pest and disease resistance and reduced exposure of livestock to high temperature. Irrigation is a favored adaptation, but places an even greater burden or potential conflict between agriculture and community use of water resources.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515509652_586ba572, 10.17125/fci2017.ch08
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Florida’s Biodiversity and Ecology.
Creator: Stys, Beth, Foster, Tammy, Fuentes, Mariana M.P.B., Glazer, Bob, Karish, Kimberly, Montero, Natalie, Reece, Joshua S.
Abstract/Description: Florida’s rich biodiversity is the product of climatic conditions, geographic position, and underlying geology. Interactions of these factors over time have led to the state’s unique biota, with Florida ranking fourth in the nation for total number of endemic species. The ability of Florida’s ecosystems to support plants and animals is intimately tied to its geographic location, climatic and hydrologic variables, including timing and amount of precipitation, the frequency and intensity of...
Show moreFlorida’s rich biodiversity is the product of climatic conditions, geographic position, and underlying geology. Interactions of these factors over time have led to the state’s unique biota, with Florida ranking fourth in the nation for total number of endemic species. The ability of Florida’s ecosystems to support plants and animals is intimately tied to its geographic location, climatic and hydrologic variables, including timing and amount of precipitation, the frequency and intensity of storms, the range and duration of temperature extremes, and water chemistry. The ecosystems and species of Florida have adapted to past periods of climatic change. However, these ecosystems are now under stress and less resilient due to past and existing human-caused alterations and impacts, affecting their ability to withstand and adapt to additional stressors such as climate change. The overall vulnerability of some systems and species is primarily driven by the severity and extent of these non-climate stressors. Florida’s biodiversity may be very different in the future, with some species and ecosystems affected to a greater extent than others. Community-level changes will occur as plant and animal species move and adapt at different rates. There are tools available to assist in determining relative vulnerability (vulnerability assessments) and potential impacts (scenario planning) that can aid in developing adaptation strategies. Awareness that change is likely to happen is critical to planning for the future and allowing for adaptation in management practices that will maximize Florida’s biodiversity for future generations.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510476_b6a1e65a, 10.17125/fci2017.ch12
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Florida's Energy Supply and Demand.
Creator: Porter, Wendell A, Knowles III, Hal
Abstract/Description: Florida’s unique location in the contiguous United States ensures that the effects of climate change will be significant and persistent across the state. Florida’s current economy and its population have developed energy use patterns based on fully developed fossil fuel industries. These industries and Florida’s consumption patterns are presented and analyzed. Location of Florida’s electricity generating facilities are shown and a significant proportion of these facilities are literally at...
Show moreFlorida’s unique location in the contiguous United States ensures that the effects of climate change will be significant and persistent across the state. Florida’s current economy and its population have developed energy use patterns based on fully developed fossil fuel industries. These industries and Florida’s consumption patterns are presented and analyzed. Location of Florida’s electricity generating facilities are shown and a significant proportion of these facilities are literally at the water’s edge. Future actions to protect the state’s energy supply may need to include costly moving of significant fossil fueled facilities and/or outright replacement by newer, cheaper renewable energy power plants. The current status of energy consumption in Florida is presented in this chapter, along with disruptive technologies in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and the electrical grid. World photovoltaic (PV) and wind power adoption rates are used to explore the possible time frames for renewable energy transformation.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515443402_32651c10, 10.17125/fci2017.ch05
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Florida’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Sectors and Options for Adaptation.
Creator: Lorenzen, Kai, Ainsworth, Cameron H., Baker, Shirley M., Barbieri, Luiz R., Camp, Edward V., Dotson, Jason R., Lester, Sarah E.
Abstract/Description: Florida supports diverse marine and freshwater fisheries and a significant aquaculture industry with a combined economic impact of approximately 15 billion US$. We begin by describing the characteristics of the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. This is followed by a description of the relevant climate change and confounding drivers. We then present an integrated social-ecological systems framework for analyzing climate change impacts and apply this framework to the different...
Show moreFlorida supports diverse marine and freshwater fisheries and a significant aquaculture industry with a combined economic impact of approximately 15 billion US$. We begin by describing the characteristics of the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. This is followed by a description of the relevant climate change and confounding drivers. We then present an integrated social-ecological systems framework for analyzing climate change impacts and apply this framework to the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. We highlight how the characteristics of each sector gives rise to distinct expected climate change impacts and potential adaptation measures. We conclude with general considerations for monitoring and adaptation.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510950_127e8200, 10.17125/fci2017.ch14
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Human Health.
Creator: Liang, Song, Kintziger, Kristina, Reaves, Phyllis, Ryan, Sadie J
Abstract/Description: Climate change poses major challenges to human society and to Earth systems, influencing the functioning of many ecosystems and thereby affecting human health. Many climate change/variability- and extreme weather-associated events, such as sea level rise, hurricanes, and storm surge, as well as other weather extremes, including excessive precipitation and heatwaves, have direct and/or indirect impacts on human health. These impacts include death/injury, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases...
Show moreClimate change poses major challenges to human society and to Earth systems, influencing the functioning of many ecosystems and thereby affecting human health. Many climate change/variability- and extreme weather-associated events, such as sea level rise, hurricanes, and storm surge, as well as other weather extremes, including excessive precipitation and heatwaves, have direct and/or indirect impacts on human health. These impacts include death/injury, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, environmentally-mediated infectious diseases, and mental health, among others. Due to its unique geography, Florida is particularly vulnerable to these environmental impacts, which have important health implications for the state’s more than 20 million residents. In this chapter, we review the health impacts of climate change and associated weather events, with an emphasis on those relevant to Florida, and environmental hazards, including hurricanes and storms, lightning, sea level rise, excessive precipitation, extreme heat, and drought. There is clear evidence for significant climate-sensitive hazards and human health impacts in the state, despite uncertainties associated with the assessment of some effects. To address health impacts and challenges, policies focused on mitigation and adaptation strategies, health surveillance, and research that could close knowledge gaps on human exposures to the climate-sensitive hazards and health impacts are needed.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515442924_f244ee60, 10.17125/fci2017.ch04
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Insurance in Florida.
Creator: Medders, Lorilee
Abstract/Description: Climate change presents added risks as well as related opportunities for the insurance industry and financial sector. Implications must be evaluated for property, casualty and life insurance industry segments as well as for the financial sector more broadly. While climate change exacerbates the existing volatility of these markets, it also inherently creates opportunities for product development. Florida is a unique contributor to both the risk and opportunity since the state is the world’s...
Show moreClimate change presents added risks as well as related opportunities for the insurance industry and financial sector. Implications must be evaluated for property, casualty and life insurance industry segments as well as for the financial sector more broadly. While climate change exacerbates the existing volatility of these markets, it also inherently creates opportunities for product development. Florida is a unique contributor to both the risk and opportunity since the state is the world’s largest insured catastrophe region. The state of Florida itself is heavily leveraged as insurer for much of the cost of extreme weather in the form of hurricanes and other tropical storms. Unlike other insurance risk bearers, however, this state cost of risk cannot be offset by commensurate market opportunity. Increased volatility in insurance, reinsurance, and capital markets are all challenges for Florida, with potentially adverse collateral effects on residual insurance market pressures, policyholder assessments, state debt, and tax strategies. Insurance industry initiatives, to the extent they are successful, can have a balancing effect on these challenges.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515443777_1ab230c3, 10.17125/fci2017.ch06
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Law and Policy in Florida.
Creator: Ruppert, Thomas, Deady, Erin L
Abstract/Description: Climate change and sea level rise have made obsolete the notion that law and policy develop in the context of a relatively stable natural environment. The need of communities to adapt to climate change and sea level rise reflects the need for laws and policies governing those communities to facilitate rather than undermine such adaptation. This chapter provides an overview of law and policy issues at three levels of government—state, local, and federal. It highlights changes in state law and...
Show moreClimate change and sea level rise have made obsolete the notion that law and policy develop in the context of a relatively stable natural environment. The need of communities to adapt to climate change and sea level rise reflects the need for laws and policies governing those communities to facilitate rather than undermine such adaptation. This chapter provides an overview of law and policy issues at three levels of government—state, local, and federal. It highlights changes in state law and policy in Florida that relate to climate change and sea level rise. The chapter also focuses on local governments, and includes sections about regional collaborations of local governments, financial issues and climate change/sea level rise at the local level, examinations of impacts on infrastructure, and impacts on the public’s use of beaches in Florida. The chapter concludes with discussion of a policy change related to climate change and sea level rise at the federal level that impacts local governments.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515444138_4fbf0e2e, 10.17125/fci2017.ch07
Format: Citation

Title: A Coastal Ocean Forecast System for the U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine.
Creator: Wilkin, John, Levin, Julia, Lopez, Alexander, Hunter, Elias, Zavala-Garay, Javier, Arango, Hernan
Abstract/Description: Coastal ocean models that downscale global operational models are widely used to study regional circulation at enhanced resolutions. When operated as nowcast/forecast systems, these models offer predictions that can provide actionable guidance for maritime applications. A nowcast/forecast system for the northeast U.S. coastal ocean is described in this chapter to illustrate, by example, the many practical issues to be considered when configuring such a model for operational oceanography...
Show moreCoastal ocean models that downscale global operational models are widely used to study regional circulation at enhanced resolutions. When operated as nowcast/forecast systems, these models offer predictions that can provide actionable guidance for maritime applications. A nowcast/forecast system for the northeast U.S. coastal ocean is described in this chapter to illustrate, by example, the many practical issues to be considered when configuring such a model for operational oceanography applications. The system uses the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and four-dimensional variational data assimilation of observations from a comprehensive network of in situ platforms, coastal radars, and satellites. The emergence of open access web data services that adhere to community conventions for metadata descriptions for coordinate systems and geo-scientific data types, and support geospatial search and sub-setting, are shown to foster inter-operability of data and model usage, accelerate the test, validate and acceptance cycle for modeling system enhancements, streamline the addition of new data streams, facilitate operational monitoring of the system, and enable novice users to view and download model outputs to underpin the generation of higher level ocean information products.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536245709_fa0db767, 10.17125/gov2018.ch21
Format: Citation

Title: Community Code: Supporting the Mission of Open Access and Preservation with the Use of Open Source Library Technologies.
Creator: Zayas-Ruiz, Keila, Baggett, Mark
Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1523455350_6a1bddd9
Format: Citation

Title: Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Modelling.
Creator: Harris, Chris
Abstract/Description: The concept of “coupled modelling” is a broad one with many different meanings and understandings within the operational oceanography community and beyond. Here we focus specifically on coupled atmosphere-ocean models and how these are developing for different timescale prediction systems. After a general introduction, we briefly describe the status of coupled modelling on climate timescales (the most mature area), followed by seasonal and decadal timescales. We then consider short- and...
Show moreThe concept of “coupled modelling” is a broad one with many different meanings and understandings within the operational oceanography community and beyond. Here we focus specifically on coupled atmosphere-ocean models and how these are developing for different timescale prediction systems. After a general introduction, we briefly describe the status of coupled modelling on climate timescales (the most mature area), followed by seasonal and decadal timescales. We then consider short- and medium-range coupled timescales which are the least mature, but the area of most relevance to the future of operational oceanography (and numerical weather prediction). The third section describes new frontier applications of these systems on the different timescales. Finally, we provide some concluding remarks on coupled modelling in the fourth section.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536243251_5afbe0aa, 10.17125/gov2018.ch16
Format: Citation

Title: Cultivating Dynamic Educators: Case studies in teacher behavior change in Africa and Asia.
Creator: Mekonnen, Dawit, Fesmire, Marion, Ramos-Mattoussi, Adrienne S., Backman, Stephen, Ramos-Mattoussi, Flavia S.
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this case study was to examine the contribution of the pre-service interventions within the Reading for Ethiopia’s Achievement Developed Technical Assistance (READ-TA) program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) from October 2012 through December 2017. Of particular interest were revisions of the mother tongue pre-service teacher education program and the related professional development for teacher educators and student teachers (we use...
Show moreThe purpose of this case study was to examine the contribution of the pre-service interventions within the Reading for Ethiopia’s Achievement Developed Technical Assistance (READ-TA) program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) from October 2012 through December 2017. Of particular interest were revisions of the mother tongue pre-service teacher education program and the related professional development for teacher educators and student teachers (we use the term teacher educators to refer to the lecturers and instructors at the colleges of teacher education and the term student teachers to refer to the students at colleges of teacher education, also referred to in Ethiopia as “teacher-trainees” and “wouldbe- teachers”). The professional development activities included engagement of these educators in module development, adaptation of the modules and related materials into seven mother tongues,2 and training on the module contents. The objectives of this chapter are to describe the extent to which teacher educators’ involvement across multiple initiatives promoted changes in conceptions of literacy instruction; depth of understanding of literacy content; and student-centered, participatory teaching and learning pedagogy. (For this chapter, the term literacy encompasses reading, writing, speaking, and listening.) To document changes in conceptions, knowledge, and skills, we collected data throughout the life of the project to gather teacher educators’ reflections on learning processes, changes in teaching practices, and student teachers’ readiness to teach the new primary curriculum.
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Date Issued: 2018-10-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1541195255_20bf4559, 10.3768/rtipress.2018.bk.0022.1809
Format: Citation

Title: Data Assimilation in Oceanography: Current Status and New Directions.
Creator: Hoteit, Ibrahim, Luo, Xiaodong, Bocquet, Marc, Kohl, Armin, Ait-El-Fquih, Boujemaa
Abstract/Description: Characterizing and forecasting the state of the ocean is essential for various scientific, management, commercial, and recreational applications. This is, however, a challenging problem due to the large, multiscale and nonlinear nature of the ocean state dynamics and the limited amount of observations. Combining all available information from numerical models describing the ocean dynamics, observations, and prior information has proven to be the most viable approach to determine the best...
Show moreCharacterizing and forecasting the state of the ocean is essential for various scientific, management, commercial, and recreational applications. This is, however, a challenging problem due to the large, multiscale and nonlinear nature of the ocean state dynamics and the limited amount of observations. Combining all available information from numerical models describing the ocean dynamics, observations, and prior information has proven to be the most viable approach to determine the best estimates of the ocean state, a process called data assimilation (DA). DA is becoming widespread in many ocean applications; stimulated by continuous advancement in modeling, observational, and computational capabilities. This chapter offers a comprehensive presentation of the theory and methods of ocean DA, outlining its current status and recent developments, and discussing new directions and open questions. Casting DA as a Bayesian state estimation problem, the chapter will gradually advance from the basic principles of DA to its most advanced methods. Three-dimensional DA methods, 3DVAR and Optimal Interpolation, are first derived, before incorporating time and present the most popular, Gaussian-based DA approaches: 4DVAR, Kalman filters and smoothers methods, which exploit past and/or future observations. Ensemble Kalman methods are next introduced in their stochastic and deterministic formulations as a stepping-stone toward the more advanced nonlinear/non-Gaussian DA methods, Particle and Gaussian Mixture filters. Other sophisticated hybrid extensions aimed at exploiting the advantages of both ensemble and variational methods are also presented. The chapter then concludes with a discussion on the importance of properly addressing the uncertainties in the models and the data, and available approaches to achieve this through parameters estimation, model errors quantification, and coupled DA.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536243752_af6d61f1, 10.17125/gov2018.ch17
Format: Citation

Title: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Jellyfish Swarms.
Creator: Prieto, Laura
Abstract/Description: Jellyfish includes creatures that are mostly constituted by water and have a gelatinous consistency. In this chapter, after providing a biological description of these organisms, the scales of variability associated to their life cycle and framing their dynamics in the context of the climate change, I review the diverse initiatives and management of coastal jellyfish swarms. Jellyfish swarms have relevant social and economic implications; however, systematic and periodic data of jellyfish...
Show moreJellyfish includes creatures that are mostly constituted by water and have a gelatinous consistency. In this chapter, after providing a biological description of these organisms, the scales of variability associated to their life cycle and framing their dynamics in the context of the climate change, I review the diverse initiatives and management of coastal jellyfish swarms. Jellyfish swarms have relevant social and economic implications; however, systematic and periodic data of jellyfish occurrences along beaches is sparse. This data would help us to understand the inter-annual variability of the episodes of high jellyfish abundances and its potential relation to variable environmental conditions. Joint strategies with tools available to scientist, administration, policymakers, and stakeholders can optimize the cost of gathering these in situ data and maximize the benefit obtained from its scientific analysis. Three case studies of jellyfish blooms are presented, from which we can infer the importance of co-creation with stakeholders emerges as a key issue to allow for a solid understanding of the episodes and the implementation of appropriate knowledge-based future mitigation actions.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536250476_fa87299b, 10.17125/gov2018.ch28
Format: Citation

Title: Ethical Implications of Digital Tools and Emerging Roles for Academic Librarians.
Creator: Wharton, Lindsey
Abstract/Description: This chapter will examine the ethical role of librarians and academics in using, teaching, and promoting digital tools and emerging technologies in light of our professional values and offer guidance in moving forward without foregoing opportunities for innovation. Deeply reflecting on these technologies should become part of our philosophy and the philosophy that we impart upon our communities. Information professionals’ core value of social responsibility will be the focus of this...
Show moreThis chapter will examine the ethical role of librarians and academics in using, teaching, and promoting digital tools and emerging technologies in light of our professional values and offer guidance in moving forward without foregoing opportunities for innovation. Deeply reflecting on these technologies should become part of our philosophy and the philosophy that we impart upon our communities. Information professionals’ core value of social responsibility will be the focus of this examination. Initially, a number of emerging trends will be examined to demonstrate the changing landscape in academic libraries. An analysis of online technologies’ effect on the social realm with emphasis on social responsibility will follow. I will then discuss personal information management concerns when using digital tools in the context of social responsibility with a focus on privacy in educational technology and academic libraries as well as the privacy paradox. I will recommend new roles for academic librarians to challenge these ethical dilemmas and uphold the core values of our profession. Case studies will be reviewed and practical applications will be suggested. The advancement of digital literacy and the integration of reflection in our professional practices emerge as key roles of information professionals as a result of this cultural shift.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-22
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1519756116_d2d8d648
Format: Citation

Title: Executive Summary.
Creator: Chassignet, Eric P., Jones, James W., Misra, Vasubandhu, Obeysekera, Jayantha
Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1516136446_ca81fc00, 10.17125/fci2017.exsum
Format: Citation

Title: Fine-scale Altimetry and the Future SWOT Mission.
Creator: Morrow, Rosemary, Blurmstein, Dennis, Dibarboure, Gerald
Abstract/Description: This chapter describes recent advances in improving altimetry observations over the ocean for the detection of fine-scale ocean dynamics. The first section gives an overview of the different satellite radar altimetry techniques being used today at high-resolution over the open and coastal oceans: from conventional alongtrack nadir altimetry to along-track Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at nadir. We present the advantages of the measurement techniques in conventional Ku-band (Jason) and Ka...
Show moreThis chapter describes recent advances in improving altimetry observations over the ocean for the detection of fine-scale ocean dynamics. The first section gives an overview of the different satellite radar altimetry techniques being used today at high-resolution over the open and coastal oceans: from conventional alongtrack nadir altimetry to along-track Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at nadir. We present the advantages of the measurement techniques in conventional Ku-band (Jason) and Ka-band (Saral), and in global SAR mode (Sentinel-3). We show how the along-track errors are estimated, how they vary geographically and seasonally, and how they limit the sea surface height (SSH) scales resolved. We also address various mapping techniques being used to derive gridded SSH data and the issues for observing fine-scale ocean dynamics from altimeter data in the coastal zone. The second section addresses the future global SARinterferometry mission, Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT), which aims to measure terrestrial surface waters and ocean SSH over a wide swath. We concentrate on the ocean component of this mission, which will provide the first two-dimensional (2D) observations of SSH on a 1-2 km grid. The low noise level of the SWOT observations should allow us to observe physical processes in the open and coastal oceans with wavelength scales down to 15-20 km. We present the SWOT SAR-interferometry technique, as well as the mission’s sampling characteristics and error budget. Of particular interest is the range of ocean dynamics that have a SSH signature in the wavelength scale of 15-200 km, including small mesoscale structures, larger submesoscale fronts and filaments, internal tides, and internal gravity waves. These are difficult to observe with the present altimeter constellation due to the along-track altimetric sampling and higher noise levels. The chapter addresses how these fine-scale dynamics will be observed with the future SWOT SARinterferometric altimetry technology, the challenges in mapping the SWOT swath SSH observations, and the preparation to assimilate SWOT 2D SSH images into operational ocean models.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536170512_b3d57dea, 10.17125/gov2018.ch08
Format: Citation

Title: Florida Climate Variability and Prediction.
Creator: Kirtman, Ben P., Misra, Vasubandhu, Burgman, Robert J., Infanti, Johnna, Obeysekera, Jayantha
Abstract/Description: This chapter describes the sources and mechanisms for climate variability in Florida across timescales (i.e., seasonal-to-decadal) and how they are used to make predictions. Current capabilities in terms of prediction quality, with an emphasis on precipitation and land surface temperature on seasonal timescales, are introduced as well as challenges and opportunities for the future. The longer decadal time scales are discussed in the next chapter in conjunction with climate change associated...
Show moreThis chapter describes the sources and mechanisms for climate variability in Florida across timescales (i.e., seasonal-to-decadal) and how they are used to make predictions. Current capabilities in terms of prediction quality, with an emphasis on precipitation and land surface temperature on seasonal timescales, are introduced as well as challenges and opportunities for the future. The longer decadal time scales are discussed in the next chapter in conjunction with climate change associated with anthropogenic forcing
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515511593_881d8fde, 10.17125/fci2017.ch17
Format: Citation

Title: Florida Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Past 100 Years.
Creator: Volk, Michael I, Hoctor, Thomas S, Nettles, Belinda B, Hilsenbeck, Richard, Putz, Francis E, Oetting, Jon
Abstract/Description: This chapter provides an overview of land use and land cover change in Florida over the past 100 years and a summary of how it may change in the future. We begin by providing a baseline description of Florida’s pre-1900 land cover, natural resource distribution, and biodiversity. This is followed by a description of major land use changes and trends related to transportation, agriculture, mining, urbanization, tourism, disruption of natural processes, and conservation from 1900 to the present...
Show moreThis chapter provides an overview of land use and land cover change in Florida over the past 100 years and a summary of how it may change in the future. We begin by providing a baseline description of Florida’s pre-1900 land cover, natural resource distribution, and biodiversity. This is followed by a description of major land use changes and trends related to transportation, agriculture, mining, urbanization, tourism, disruption of natural processes, and conservation from 1900 to the present. We also describe changes in land use and land cover caused by climate change. The chapter concludes with a discussion of current land use and land cover patterns, and the potential impacts of climate change and continued human population growth on the remaining natural and rural landscapes in Florida. Much has changed in Florida over the last century due to a combination of wetland draining, agriculture conversion, urban development, and establishment of several dominant exotic plant species, as well as accelerating sea level rise and shifting climate zones due to climate change.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515440747_56b1ed92, 10.17125/fci2017.ch02
Format: Citation

Title: Florida Tourism.
Creator: Harrington, Julie, Chi, Hongmei, Gray, Lori Pennington
Abstract/Description: Tourism is one of the largest economic industries in Florida. In 2015, a record 106.3 million tourists visited Florida (about five visitors per resident), with an economic impact of about $90 billion. Tourism also provides additional benefits for federal, state, and local governments in the form of taxes (e.g., excise, sales, income, and property taxes). In Florida, tourism accounts for over one million direct jobs and an additional 1.5 million indirect and supply chain jobs. The three...
Show moreTourism is one of the largest economic industries in Florida. In 2015, a record 106.3 million tourists visited Florida (about five visitors per resident), with an economic impact of about $90 billion. Tourism also provides additional benefits for federal, state, and local governments in the form of taxes (e.g., excise, sales, income, and property taxes). In Florida, tourism accounts for over one million direct jobs and an additional 1.5 million indirect and supply chain jobs. The three industries or business sectors most impacted by tourism and currently experiencing substantial growth in the state, include: leisure and hospitality (e.g., hotels, restaurants, museums, amusement parks, entertainment), transportation (e.g., cruise ships, taxis, airports), and retail trade (e.g., gas stations, retail stores). The 106.3 million tourists comprise approximately 91.2 million out-of-state visitors, 3.9 million Canadian visitors, and 11.2 million overseas visitors. The domestic visitors are anticipated to grow by 20% in 2018. Tourism and the associated industries in Florida are highly vulnerable to climate change over time. The state population and real estate markets continue to grow in the coastal areas, with corresponding increases in property values at risk. In addition, there are losses associated with the properties used to mitigate the effects of climate change. In summary, indicators of climate change, such as higher sea levels and more frequent and powerful hurricanes and other extreme weather events, have the potential to severely impact the tourism industry in Florida.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510103_158bad4e, 10.17125/fci2017.ch10
Format: Citation

Title: Florida’s Oceans and Marine Habitats in a Changing Climate.
Creator: Morey, Steven, Koch, Marguerite, Liu, Yanyun, Lee, Sang-Ki
Abstract/Description: Florida’s peninsula extending ~700 km north-to-south, extensive shoreline (2,100 km), and broad carbonate platform create a diversity of marine habitats (estuaries, lagoons, bays, beach, reef, shelf, pelagic) along the coast, shelf, and deep ocean that are influenced by continental, oceanographic, and atmospheric processes all predicted to shift with a rapidly changing climate. Future changes of the global ocean circulation could result in a 25% reduction in the Atlantic Meridional...
Show moreFlorida’s peninsula extending ~700 km north-to-south, extensive shoreline (2,100 km), and broad carbonate platform create a diversity of marine habitats (estuaries, lagoons, bays, beach, reef, shelf, pelagic) along the coast, shelf, and deep ocean that are influenced by continental, oceanographic, and atmospheric processes all predicted to shift with a rapidly changing climate. Future changes of the global ocean circulation could result in a 25% reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), leading to a subsequent slowing of Florida’s regional/local current systems (Yucatan, Loop, Florida and Gulf Stream) and eddies. While downscaled climate models suggest that slowing of the Loop Current by 20-25% during the 21st century will moderate the increase in surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico to 1.4oC - 2.8oC, this warming is predicted to have wide-ranging consequences for Florida’s marine habitats (e.g., enhanced coral bleaching, lower O2 in surface waters, increased harmful algal blooms, reduced phytoplankton and fisheries production, and lower sea turtle reproduction). The reduction in the AMOC is also predicted to reduce hurricane frequency, albeit with increased intensity (2-11%) due to ocean warming. Climate projections affecting Florida’s oceans include rises in sea level, changes in coastal circulation impacting larval and nutrient transport, changes in marine biogeochemistry including ocean acidification, and loss of coastal wetlands that protect Florida’s coastline. Understanding the consequences of these projected climate impacts and gaining a more complete understanding of complex changes in atmospheric processes (e.g., ENSO, AMO, convection, wind shear), air-sea interaction, currents, and stratification under a changing climate is critical over the next few decades to prepare and protect the state of Florida.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510689_7e3d1fb9, 10.17125/fci2017.ch13
Format: Citation

Title: Future Climate Change Scenarios for Florida.
Creator: Kirtman, Ben P., Misra, Vasubandhu, Anandhi, Aavudai, Palko, Diane, Infanti, Johnna
Abstract/Description: This chapter describes both the nature of and anthropogenic mechanisms for climate change, as well as how scenarios and projections of future climate change are made. Specific emphasis is placed on understanding the changes over the near-term (i.e., adaption timescale) where the emission scenario has little impact vs. changes beyond the mid-century where the projections are conditional on the emission scenario. The various tools and models used to assess climate change are also summarized,...
Show moreThis chapter describes both the nature of and anthropogenic mechanisms for climate change, as well as how scenarios and projections of future climate change are made. Specific emphasis is placed on understanding the changes over the near-term (i.e., adaption timescale) where the emission scenario has little impact vs. changes beyond the mid-century where the projections are conditional on the emission scenario. The various tools and models used to assess climate change are also summarized, and projections from global and regional models are presented. Finally, the new science of decadal prediction is presented as it has the potential to improve climate information in the near-term.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515511768_f4ca0fd1, 10.17125/fci2017.ch18
Format: Citation

Title: The Global Ocean Observing System.
Creator: Sloyan, Bernadette M., Roughan, Moninya, Hill, Katherine
Abstract/Description: In the last 20-30 years, much progress has been made in the deployment of sustained, nationally and internationally coordinated ocean observing programs. These include the Argo array of profiling floats, ocean glider missions, the global drifter array, Ships of Opportunity (SOOP) eXpendable Bathythermograph (XBT) lines, deep water moorings, Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigation Program (GOSHIP), and new pilot studies extending to boundary currents, the deep ocean, and the...
Show moreIn the last 20-30 years, much progress has been made in the deployment of sustained, nationally and internationally coordinated ocean observing programs. These include the Argo array of profiling floats, ocean glider missions, the global drifter array, Ships of Opportunity (SOOP) eXpendable Bathythermograph (XBT) lines, deep water moorings, Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigation Program (GOSHIP), and new pilot studies extending to boundary currents, the deep ocean, and the marginal ice zones. In general, many of the observing systems were originally designed to resolve ocean variability at timescales from sub-seasonal to longer; however, the data are now also essential for ocean forecasting and prediction projects. Improved satellite technologies and telecommunications has enabled much of the ocean observations data to be recovered in real-time. The advent of rapid and timely access to data has led to the increasing use of ocean data in operational oceanography systems for the purpose of providing increasing accurate and reliable global and regional ocean (eddy resolving) forecasts. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the global in situ ocean observing systems for measuring physical Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), including all the major platforms, and the efforts of the international coordinating programs.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536167723_386010b6, 10.17125/gov2018.ch03
Format: Citation

Title: Human Dimensions and Communication of Florida's Climate.
Creator: Jacques, Peter J, Broad, Kenneth, Butler, William, Emrich, Christopher, Galindo, Sebastian, Knox, Claire, Rizzardi, Keith W, Ziewitz, Kathryn
Abstract/Description: Florida’s climate system, which is nested within regional and global climate systems, cannot be fully understood without including human dimensions that interact with the climate systems in two principal ways: 1) where social systems facilitate or dominate causes of climate change, and 2) where climate change affects social systems. These aspects include complex social interactions and feedbacks, but can be broken down into the impacts, risks, and causes of climate change specific to Florida....
Show moreFlorida’s climate system, which is nested within regional and global climate systems, cannot be fully understood without including human dimensions that interact with the climate systems in two principal ways: 1) where social systems facilitate or dominate causes of climate change, and 2) where climate change affects social systems. These aspects include complex social interactions and feedbacks, but can be broken down into the impacts, risks, and causes of climate change specific to Florida. Further, communication of these elements can interact with social in/action and facilitate or obstruct adaptive responses. It is important to view the organization of these interactions through social structure, where essential drivers of social forces include the political-economy, demographic, and attitudinal architecture of Florida social systems. In this chapter, we review key social drivers of specific impacts, risks, and causes of climate change within Florida.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-09
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515439925_2b405adb, 10.17125/fci2017.ch01
Format: Citation

Title: Implications of Climate Change on Florida's Water Resources.
Creator: Obeysekera, Jayantha, Graham, Wendy, Sukop, Michael C, Asefa, Tirusew, Wang, Dingbao, Ghebremichael, Kebreab, Mwashote, Benjamin
Abstract/Description: Water resources systems in Florida are unique and exhibit significant diversity in hydrogeologic characteristics and in rainfall and temperature patterns. In many parts of the state, both surface and groundwater systems are complex, highly interconnected, and any change in hydrologic drivers such as rainfall or temperature has the potential to impact the water resources of the urban, agricultural, and ecological systems. Because of this diversity, it is not possible to present a single...
Show moreWater resources systems in Florida are unique and exhibit significant diversity in hydrogeologic characteristics and in rainfall and temperature patterns. In many parts of the state, both surface and groundwater systems are complex, highly interconnected, and any change in hydrologic drivers such as rainfall or temperature has the potential to impact the water resources of the urban, agricultural, and ecological systems. Because of this diversity, it is not possible to present a single overall outlook regarding the implications of climate change on the water resources of the state. This chapter presents brief summaries of individual studies that are available for major water resources systems in the state, which include the Everglades, the Tampa Bay region, the St. Johns River watershed, and the Suwannee River and Apalachicola River basins. Available climate models and their downscaled versions have varying degrees of bias and lack of skill that need to be considered in impact analyses. In all regions, projected changes in rainfall, temperature, and sea level may have significant impacts on water supply, water levels in environmentally sensitive areas, flood protection, and water quality.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515441680_9ce8bb62, 10.17125/fci2017.ch03
Format: Citation

Title: Learning about Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service “CMEMS”: A Practical Introduction to the Use of the European Operational Oceanography Service.
Creator: Drevillon, Marie, Bahurel, Pierre, Bazin, David, Benkiran, Mounir, Beuvier, Jonathan, Crosnier, Laurence, Drillet, Yann, Durand, Edmee, Fabardines, Michele, Garcia Hermosa,...
Show moreDrevillon, Marie, Bahurel, Pierre, Bazin, David, Benkiran, Mounir, Beuvier, Jonathan, Crosnier, Laurence, Drillet, Yann, Durand, Edmee, Fabardines, Michele, Garcia Hermosa, Isabel, Giordan, Cedric, Gutknecht, Elodie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Law Chune, Stephane, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Lellouche, Jean-Michel, Levier, Bruno, Melet, Angelique, Obaton, Dominique, Paul, Julien, Peltier, Mathieu, Peyrot, Diane, Remy, Elizabeth, von Schuckmann, Karina, Thomas-Couroux, Cecile
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Abstract/Description: The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS; http://marine.copernicus.eu) is one of the six services of the European Copernicus Programme for Earth Observation (http://www.copernicus.eu). CMEMS was implemented by Mercator Ocean beginning in 2014, under a delegation agreement from the European Commission. The operational services of CMEMS were set up gradually as part of a series of European projects, starting with MERSEA (2004-2008), and followed by MyOcean (2009-2012) under...
Show moreThe Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS; http://marine.copernicus.eu) is one of the six services of the European Copernicus Programme for Earth Observation (http://www.copernicus.eu). CMEMS was implemented by Mercator Ocean beginning in 2014, under a delegation agreement from the European Commission. The operational services of CMEMS were set up gradually as part of a series of European projects, starting with MERSEA (2004-2008), and followed by MyOcean (2009-2012) under FP7, and MyOcean2 (and its follow-on) from 2012 through 2015.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536248237_d2400064, 10.17125/gov2018.ch25
Format: Citation

Title: Managing Florida's Plantation Forests in a Changing Climate.
Creator: Martin, Timothy A., Adams, Damian C., Cohen, Matthew J., Crandall, Raelene M., Gonzalez-Benecke, Carlos A., Smith, Jason A., Vogel, Jason G.
Abstract/Description: Production forestry provides substantial benefits to the state of Florida, including the provision of ecosystem services, such as regulation of water quantity and quality, provision of wildlife habitat and carbon sequestration, and supporting 80,000 jobs and $16.34 billion/year in economic activity. Climate through the end of the century in the production forestry regions of northern Florida and southern Georgia is predicted to result in substantial increases in potential loblolly pine and...
Show moreProduction forestry provides substantial benefits to the state of Florida, including the provision of ecosystem services, such as regulation of water quantity and quality, provision of wildlife habitat and carbon sequestration, and supporting 80,000 jobs and $16.34 billion/year in economic activity. Climate through the end of the century in the production forestry regions of northern Florida and southern Georgia is predicted to result in substantial increases in potential loblolly pine and slash pine plantation productivity, ranging from 5–35% depending on emissions scenario, species, and location. Climate change is likely to affect the timing and frequency of abiotic disturbances, such as wildfire and windstorms, and will also change the dynamics of forest pests, pathosystems, and forest water resources. But predictions about the nature of these impacts remains uncertain. Regardless, the fact is that plantation forests have been a vital part of protecting regional water quantity and quality, and they will continue to be essential features of healthy productive landscapes, as climate changes and the potential for adverse climate impacts on water resources increases. The key to adapting forest management to changing climate will be the considered application of silvicultural tools, such as competition control, density and fertility management, and proper choice of species for each site. Keeping abreast of research advances related to these tools will be increasingly important for forest managers as climate conditions change. In addition, the development of viable policy options focused primarily on privately owned forests can help protect Florida’s existing forests and the benefits they provide, and encourage investment in reforestation of existing forestland and planting new forests on previously unforested land
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515509935_6ecffd1c, 10.17125/fci2017.ch09
Format: Citation

Title: Marine Biogeochemical Modelling and Data Assimilation for Operational Forecasting, Reanalysis, and Climate Research.
Creator: Ford, David, Key, Susan, McEwan, Robert, Totterdell, Ian, Gehlen, Marion
Abstract/Description: Predictions of marine biogeochemistry are of importance for a range of applications, from operational forecasting of harmful algal blooms, to seasonal prediction of primary production, to understanding the influence of the marine carbon cycle on future climate change. Reanalyses, which include data assimilation in model hindcasts, are also required for the assessment of long-term environmental change. The inclusion of marine biogeochemistry in ocean forecasting and reanalysis systems is still...
Show morePredictions of marine biogeochemistry are of importance for a range of applications, from operational forecasting of harmful algal blooms, to seasonal prediction of primary production, to understanding the influence of the marine carbon cycle on future climate change. Reanalyses, which include data assimilation in model hindcasts, are also required for the assessment of long-term environmental change. The inclusion of marine biogeochemistry in ocean forecasting and reanalysis systems is still in its early stages, but is already providing valuable insights. This chapter begins by giving an overview of biogeochemical modelling and data assimilation, and discussing challenges around physical-biogeochemical coupling and the use of observations. A summary of current applications to operational forecasting, reanalysis and climate studies is then given, before a vision is presented for a fully integrated prediction framework, linking five-day regional forecasting to global climate research.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536246093_2a451821, 10.17125/gov2018.ch22
Format: Citation

Title: Measuring Performances, Skill and Accuracy in Operational Oceanography: New Challenges and Approaches.
Creator: Hernandez, Fabrice, Smith, Greg, Baetens, Katrijn, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Garcia-Hermosa, Isabel, Drevillon, Marie, Maksymczuk, Jan, Melet, Angelique, Regnier, Charly, von...
Show moreHernandez, Fabrice, Smith, Greg, Baetens, Katrijn, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Garcia-Hermosa, Isabel, Drevillon, Marie, Maksymczuk, Jan, Melet, Angelique, Regnier, Charly, von Schuckman, Karina
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Abstract/Description: Operational oceanography is now established in many countries, focusing on global, regional, or coastal areas, and targeting different aspects of the « blue », « white » or « green » ocean processes in order to provide reliable information to users. There are nowadays a large variety of interests and users, with different disciplines and levels of expertise. Validation and verification of operational products and systems are evolving in order to anticipate user’s needs, and better quantify...
Show moreOperational oceanography is now established in many countries, focusing on global, regional, or coastal areas, and targeting different aspects of the « blue », « white » or « green » ocean processes in order to provide reliable information to users. There are nowadays a large variety of interests and users, with different disciplines and levels of expertise. Validation and verification of operational products and systems are evolving in order to anticipate user’s needs, and better quantify the level of confidence on all these variety of ocean products. Operational oceanography evaluation development is in front of key issues: Ocean models are reaching the submesoscale description, which is currently not adequately observed; many products are available now for a given ocean variable, and often discrepancies are larger than similarities; real time forecasting systems are also challenged by reanalyses or reprocessed time series; operational systems are getting more complex, with coupled modelling, where errors from the different compartment need to be carefully addressed in order to measure their performance and provide further improvements. In parallel, the global ocean observing system is continuously completed with additional satellites in the constellation, with innovative sensors on new satellite missions, with efforts to better integrate the global, regional and coastal in-situ observing capabilities, and the design of new instrument, like the BGC-Argo that should bring an enhanced description of the ocean biogeochemical variability. This book chapter provides an overview of the existing, mature, validation and verification science in operational oceanography; discusses the ongoing efforts and new strategies; presents some of the structured groups and outcomes; and lists a series of challenges on the field.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536252250_60bd7961, 10.17125/gov2018.ch29
Format: Citation

Title: The Mercator Ocean Global High‐Resolution Monitoring and Forecasting System.
Creator: Lellouche, Jean-Michel, Greiner, Eric, Le Galloudec, Olivier, Regnier, Charly, Benkiran, Mounir, Testut, Charles-Emmanuel, Bourdalle-Badie, Romain, Drevillon, Marie, Garric,...
Show moreLellouche, Jean-Michel, Greiner, Eric, Le Galloudec, Olivier, Regnier, Charly, Benkiran, Mounir, Testut, Charles-Emmanuel, Bourdalle-Badie, Romain, Drevillon, Marie, Garric, Gilles, Drillet, Yann
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Abstract/Description: Mercator Ocean monitoring and forecasting systems are routinely operated in real time since early 2001. They have been regularly upgraded through several systems of increasing complexity, expanding the geographical coverage from regional to global, improving models and assimilation schemes. In this chapter we give a description of the current Mercator Ocean real-time, global high-resolution system. The ocean model, the observations, and the data assimilation scheme are detailed with a...
Show moreMercator Ocean monitoring and forecasting systems are routinely operated in real time since early 2001. They have been regularly upgraded through several systems of increasing complexity, expanding the geographical coverage from regional to global, improving models and assimilation schemes. In this chapter we give a description of the current Mercator Ocean real-time, global high-resolution system. The ocean model, the observations, and the data assimilation scheme are detailed with a particular focus to the specifics of the Mercator Ocean system. Technical details about the real-time operation of the system are given. The system is then examined through a scientific evaluation, highlighting the level of performance and the reliability of the system. User needs and evolutions of the system are finally drawn.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536245264_041d5712, 10.17125/gov2018.ch20
Format: Citation

Title: Moravian Soundscapes: A Sonic History of the Moravian Missions in Early Pennsylvania.
Creator: Eyerly, Sarah
Date Issued: 2020
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1553262229_fb13483f
Format: Citation

Title: Multi‐Platform Observations and Numerical Simulations to Understand Meso and Submesoscale Processes: A Case Study of Vertical Velocities in the Western Mediterranean.
Creator: Ruiz, Simon, Mahadevan, Amala, Pascual, Ananda, Claret, Mariona, Tintore, Joaquin, Mason, Evan
Abstract/Description: In this chapter we provide a description of an intense ocean front and an anomalous anticyclonic eddy in the Western Mediterranean. We use observations from two multi-platform experiments carried out in the eastern Alboran Sea and in the northern Balearic Islands. We diagnose mesoscale vertical motion ( 1-10m/day) associated with these ocean structures using quasi-geostrophic dynamics. A unique characteristic of both field experiments is the combination of conventional in situ measurements...
Show moreIn this chapter we provide a description of an intense ocean front and an anomalous anticyclonic eddy in the Western Mediterranean. We use observations from two multi-platform experiments carried out in the eastern Alboran Sea and in the northern Balearic Islands. We diagnose mesoscale vertical motion ( 1-10m/day) associated with these ocean structures using quasi-geostrophic dynamics. A unique characteristic of both field experiments is the combination of conventional in situ measurements from ships with high-resolution observations using autonomous underwater vehicles (gliders). For the eastern Alboran Sea, we also use a high-resolution numerical model that is initialized with hydrographic data (0.5-1 km resolution) from gliders. Numerical simulations show that lateral buoyancy gradients are large enough to trigger submesoscale mixed layer instabilities. Results from the model illustrate that a mixed layer tracer subducts to form vertical intrusions extending to depths of 80-90 m, which is in agreement with remarkable subduction events of chlorophyll and oxygen captured by ocean gliders.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536168670_ff85647f, 10.17125/gov2018.ch05
Format: Citation

Title: Notions for the Motions of the Oceans.
Creator: Fox-Kemper, Baylor
Abstract/Description: Operational oceanography combines models and observations to assess and predict the ocean state. While the mechanisms of forcing and equations of fluid motion for the ocean are known, present computers cannot solve all of the relevant scales of motion at the same time. Thus, choices of scales to emphasize must be made in operational systems. This chapter explores some of the issues in choosing a scale, including evaluating approximations to the equations of motion, typical kinds of...
Show moreOperational oceanography combines models and observations to assess and predict the ocean state. While the mechanisms of forcing and equations of fluid motion for the ocean are known, present computers cannot solve all of the relevant scales of motion at the same time. Thus, choices of scales to emphasize must be made in operational systems. This chapter explores some of the issues in choosing a scale, including evaluating approximations to the equations of motion, typical kinds of variability at different scales, and parameterizations of unresolved processes.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536167323_6ef1328f, 10.17125/gov2018.ch02
Format: Citation

Title: Ocean Circulation Modeling for Operational Oceanography: Current Status and Future Challenges.
Creator: Le Sommer, Julien, Chassignet, Eric P., Wallcraft, Alan J.
Abstract/Description: This chapter focuses on ocean circulation models used in operational oceanography, physical oceanography and climate science. Ocean circulation models are a particular branch of ocean numerical modeling that focuses on the representation of ocean physical properties over spatial scales ranging from the global scale to less than a kilometer and time scales ranging from hours to decades. As such, they are an essential building block for operational oceanography systems and their design receives...
Show moreThis chapter focuses on ocean circulation models used in operational oceanography, physical oceanography and climate science. Ocean circulation models are a particular branch of ocean numerical modeling that focuses on the representation of ocean physical properties over spatial scales ranging from the global scale to less than a kilometer and time scales ranging from hours to decades. As such, they are an essential building block for operational oceanography systems and their design receives a lot of attention from operational and research centers.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536240413_2ef906a5, 10.17125/gov2018.ch12
Format: Citation

Title: Ocean Reanalyses.
Creator: Haines, Keith
Abstract/Description: Ocean reanalyses are becoming increasingly available and useful, and may eventually attract a similar applications base as atmospheric reanalyses. Here we look at how they are being evaluated against both assimilated and independent data, and emphasise that circulation and transport estimates are critical. The Ocean Reanalysis Intercomparison project, ORA-IP, has been comparing many products for consistency on a regional and global basis, including ocean heat content, air-sea fluxes, and...
Show moreOcean reanalyses are becoming increasingly available and useful, and may eventually attract a similar applications base as atmospheric reanalyses. Here we look at how they are being evaluated against both assimilated and independent data, and emphasise that circulation and transport estimates are critical. The Ocean Reanalysis Intercomparison project, ORA-IP, has been comparing many products for consistency on a regional and global basis, including ocean heat content, air-sea fluxes, and recently polar properties including sea ice. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation as measured by the RAPID array at 26N, is now a challenging new target for simulation. This chapter shows that reanalyses may represent interior ocean basin circulations well (better than free-running models) but they still fail to consistently constrain boundary currents, where most meridional heat transport takes place. There is new work ongoing to try to physically interpret observation increments in reanalysis products, and to look at how to best develop long period reanalysis in earlier years when ocean observations were scarce. Finally, we look at new coupled ocean-atmosphere reanalysis that, by always maintaining a coupled ocean-atmospheric boundary layer, may lead to reduced assimilation increments and air-sea fluxes across domains.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536244792_a60d1e66, 10.17125/gov2018.ch19
Format: Citation

Title: An Operational Interpolated Ocean Colour Product in the Mediterranean Sea.
Creator: Volpe, Gianluca, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, Colella, Simone, Pisano, Andrea, Santoleri, Rosalia
Abstract/Description: A novel technique to interpolate satellite ocean colour data has been developed and calibrated in the framework of the European MyOcean2 project and successively implemented within the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) specifically for the Mediterranean Sea products. The methodology is based on the Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions technique, which interpolates data voids from Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) modes iteratively estimated as...
Show moreA novel technique to interpolate satellite ocean colour data has been developed and calibrated in the framework of the European MyOcean2 project and successively implemented within the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) specifically for the Mediterranean Sea products. The methodology is based on the Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions technique, which interpolates data voids from Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) modes iteratively estimated as characteristic spatial patterns. Here, this method is extended to take into account the temporal correlation between the observations. A higher-dimensional approach is followed by using a temporal sequence of daily images to build the state vector and thus the observation matrix used to compute the EOFs. An ad-hoc smoothing procedure is also applied to resulting 2-dimensional fields to filter out spurious signals and provide consistent spatial reconstructions. Several tests are performed on a dataset at 4 km resolution to calibrate the technique and to assess, among other issues, the most convenient number of images to be included in the state vector. The final CMEMS product at 1 km resolution is then validated with the independent chlorophyll data collected during dedicated oceanographic surveys between 1997 and 2015 across the entire Mediterranean basin.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536170178_8177a3a7, 10.17125/gov2018.ch09
Format: Citation

Title: Operational Ocean Data Assimilation.
Creator: Jacobs, Gregg A., Barron, Charlie N., Blain, Cheryl A., Carrier, Matthew J., D'Addezio, Joseph M., Helber, Robert W., May, Jackie C., Ngodock, Hans E., Osborne, John J., Orzech,...
Show moreJacobs, Gregg A., Barron, Charlie N., Blain, Cheryl A., Carrier, Matthew J., D'Addezio, Joseph M., Helber, Robert W., May, Jackie C., Ngodock, Hans E., Osborne, John J., Orzech, Mark D., Rowley, Clark D., Souopgui, Innocent, Smith, Scott R., Veeramony, Jay, Yaremchuk, Max
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Abstract/Description: Operational ocean data assimilation is necessary to continually correct and maintain accurate ocean forecasts. The primary GODAE objective was prediction of mesoscale eddies, and the science community has successfully addressed this issue. Here, we examine a data assimilation process for this problem, beginning with a generalized solution of 4D variation assimilation (4DVar) so that assumptions will be clear as we reduce to a 3DVar that is often used operationally. The primary difficulty lies...
Show moreOperational ocean data assimilation is necessary to continually correct and maintain accurate ocean forecasts. The primary GODAE objective was prediction of mesoscale eddies, and the science community has successfully addressed this issue. Here, we examine a data assimilation process for this problem, beginning with a generalized solution of 4D variation assimilation (4DVar) so that assumptions will be clear as we reduce to a 3DVar that is often used operationally. The primary difficulty lies in specifying the covariances that relate variables at different locations in space and time. Simplifications are applied to provide covariances that sufficiently describe the relations and are computationally feasible. Some deficiencies are introduced through the assumptions leading to the 3DVar and within the covariances, and this points to areas of future research. Prior assumptions were predicated on the expected observing systems and numerical model capabilities, which were all consistent with prediction of mesoscale features. We believe that numerical models and observations will surpass present capability, and there is strong motivation to move data assimilation forward to achieve prediction at scales not now feasible.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536244592_c06ea90f, 10.17125/gov2018.ch18
Format: Citation

Title: Operational Oceanography and the Management of Marine Living Resources: The Mediterranean Sea as a Case Study.
Creator: Reglero, Patricia, Alvarez-Berastegui, Diego, Alemany, Francisco Javier, Rossi, Vincent, Torres, Asvin P., Balbin, Rosa, Hidalgo, Manuel
Abstract/Description: This chapter provides examples demonstrating the relevance of integrating operational oceanography data from ocean observing systems and ecological and fisheries assessment models to improve the management of marine living resources. Commercial fisheries exploit coastal, demersal, and pelagic marine resources. Many marine organisms merge in the water column and most of them occupy the pelagic habitat as planktonic organisms (egg and larval stages), during which time they are subjected to the...
Show moreThis chapter provides examples demonstrating the relevance of integrating operational oceanography data from ocean observing systems and ecological and fisheries assessment models to improve the management of marine living resources. Commercial fisheries exploit coastal, demersal, and pelagic marine resources. Many marine organisms merge in the water column and most of them occupy the pelagic habitat as planktonic organisms (egg and larval stages), during which time they are subjected to the highest mortalities of their life cycle as they are transported by oceanic currents. Hence, it is important to determine how environmental processes control survival rates and dispersal patterns of the early life stages of the species. We offer a general view of a multidisciplinary research field that aims at the protection and exploitation/management of marine living resources by documenting some current strategies and recent advances in the Mediterranean Sea. We include a short introduction of the current strategies for the protection and exploitation of living resources and the recent advances of the field and present four practical examples, which show how the integration of operational oceanography into the management of living resources has improved our knowledge of: 1) the spatial distribution of adult fish, 2) the connection among management areas, 3) the redefinition of management areas, and 4) the use of marine protected areas for the conservation of coastal ecosystems.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536248798_d58a0939, 10.17125/gov2018.ch26
Format: Citation

Title: Operational Oceanography at the Service of the Ports.
Creator: Fanjul, Enrique Alvarez, Sotillo, Marcos Garcia, Perez Gomez, Begona, Garcia Valdecasas, Jose Maria, Perez Rubio, Susana, Lorente, Pablo, Rodriguez Dapena, Alvaro, Martinez...
Show moreFanjul, Enrique Alvarez, Sotillo, Marcos Garcia, Perez Gomez, Begona, Garcia Valdecasas, Jose Maria, Perez Rubio, Susana, Lorente, Pablo, Rodriguez Dapena, Alvaro, Martinez Marco, Isabel, Luna, Yolanda, Padorno, Elena, Santos Atienza, Ines, Diaz Hernandez, Gabriel, Lopez Lara, Javier, Medina, Raul, Grifoll, Manel, Espino, Manuel, Mestres, Marc, Cerralbo, Pablo, Sanchez Arcilla, Augustin
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Abstract/Description: The Spanish ports demand operational oceanography products for their operation. In recent years, this demand has been fulfilled by SAMOA project. SAMOA (Sistema de Apoyo Meteorológico y Oceanográfico a las Autoridades portuarias - System of Meteorological and Oceanographic Support for Port Authorities) is revolutionary in the way solutions are provided to the operational oceanography needs of port authorities. An integrated system, ultimately based on Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring...
Show moreThe Spanish ports demand operational oceanography products for their operation. In recent years, this demand has been fulfilled by SAMOA project. SAMOA (Sistema de Apoyo Meteorológico y Oceanográfico a las Autoridades portuarias - System of Meteorological and Oceanographic Support for Port Authorities) is revolutionary in the way solutions are provided to the operational oceanography needs of port authorities. An integrated system, ultimately based on Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) data, has been developed. A total of 10 new high-resolution atmospheric models (1 km resolution, based on Harmonie), 10 wave models (5 m, mild slope), and nine circulation models (70 m, ROMS) have been developed and operationally implemented. In terms of instrumentation, SAMOA has improved the preexisting large network of Puertos del Estado by means of 13 new meteorological stations and three global navigation satellite systems associated with the tide gauges. Twenty-five ports from 18 port authorities will benefit from these new modeling and monitoring advances.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536250022_c6bf20b2, 10.17125/gov2018.ch27
Format: Citation

Title: An Overview of Operational Oceanography.
Creator: Schiller, Andreas, Mourre, Baptiste, Drillet, Yann, Brassington, Gary
Abstract/Description: Operational oceanography is like weather forecasting for the ocean, it provides estimates of ocean variables (temperature, currents, surface height, etc.) for the past, present, and future. There is a systematic focus on sustained operational ocean observing systems, estimates of the current state, short-range predictions and ocean reanalyses. Operational oceanography systems provide routine and fully supported production and delivery of oceanographic information at pre-determined and agreed...
Show moreOperational oceanography is like weather forecasting for the ocean, it provides estimates of ocean variables (temperature, currents, surface height, etc.) for the past, present, and future. There is a systematic focus on sustained operational ocean observing systems, estimates of the current state, short-range predictions and ocean reanalyses. Operational oceanography systems provide routine and fully supported production and delivery of oceanographic information at pre-determined and agreed upon service levels. Nowadays, many operational oceanography systems cover global-to-coastal marine environments, and physical and biogeochemical properties, with active research underway to eventually include ecosystems. Operational oceanography involves and benefits marine industries, service providers, government agencies, and research and development (R&D) providers.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536167036_1f997a28, 10.17125/gov2018.ch01
Format: Citation

Title: Paleoclimate of Florida.
Creator: Hine, Albert C., Martin, Ellen E., Jaeger, John M., Brenner, Mark
Abstract/Description: We present our understanding of Florida’s paleoclimate for the past ~50 million years (Myr). The paleoclimate of the Florida Platform is closely linked to global paleoclimate. Global climate change over the past 50 Myr is a record of declining atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing temperature, and progressive addition of ice sheets. The overall global climate narrative is one of transition from a greenhouse Earth (warm temperatures with higher sea levels) to an icehouse Earth (colder...
Show moreWe present our understanding of Florida’s paleoclimate for the past ~50 million years (Myr). The paleoclimate of the Florida Platform is closely linked to global paleoclimate. Global climate change over the past 50 Myr is a record of declining atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing temperature, and progressive addition of ice sheets. The overall global climate narrative is one of transition from a greenhouse Earth (warm temperatures with higher sea levels) to an icehouse Earth (colder temperatures with lower sea levels). The early 21st century has been a period of extreme climate conditions in Florida, in that we have already seen very low lake levels, including complete drying of some water bodies for the first time in recorded history. Such complete drying was never reported previously and suggests that we have entered a new climate regime in this millennium.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515511145_a2730749, 10.17125/fci2017.ch15
Format: Citation

Title: Preface.
Creator: Chassignet, Eric P., Pascual, Ananda, Tintore, Joaquin, Verron, Jacques
Abstract/Description: This book is a compilation of the lectures presented at the school and presents a summary of the current state-of-the-art in operational oceanography research.
Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536166568_a9f9d162, 10.17125/gov2018.ch00
Format: Citation

Title: A Primer on Global Internal Tide and Internal Gravity Wave Continuum Modeling in HYCOM and MITgcm.
Creator: Arbic, Brian K., Alford, Matthew H., Ansong, Joseph K., Buijsman, Maarten C., Ciotti, Robert B., Farrar, J. Thomas, Hallberg, Robert W., Henze, Christopher E., Hill, Christopher...
Show moreArbic, Brian K., Alford, Matthew H., Ansong, Joseph K., Buijsman, Maarten C., Ciotti, Robert B., Farrar, J. Thomas, Hallberg, Robert W., Henze, Christopher E., Hill, Christopher N., Luecke, Conrad A., Menemenlis, Dimitris, Metzger, E. Joseph, Muller, Malte, Nelson, Arin D., Nelson, Bron C., Ngodock, Hans E., Ponte, Rui M., Richman, James G., Savage, Anna C., Scott, Robert B., Shriver, Jay F., Simmons, Harper L., Souopgui, Innocent, Timko, Patrick G., Wallcraft, Alan J., Zamudio, Luis, Zhao, Zhongxiang
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Abstract/Description: In recent years, high-resolution (“eddying”) global three-dimensional ocean general circulation models have begun to include astronomical tidal forcing alongside atmospheric forcing. Such models can carry an internal tide field with a realistic amount of nonstationarity, and an internal gravity wave continuum spectrum that compares more closely with observations as model resolution increases. Global internal tide and gravity wave models are important for understanding the three-dimensional...
Show moreIn recent years, high-resolution (“eddying”) global three-dimensional ocean general circulation models have begun to include astronomical tidal forcing alongside atmospheric forcing. Such models can carry an internal tide field with a realistic amount of nonstationarity, and an internal gravity wave continuum spectrum that compares more closely with observations as model resolution increases. Global internal tide and gravity wave models are important for understanding the three-dimensional geography of ocean mixing, for operational oceanography, and for simulating and interpreting satellite altimeter observations. Here we describe the most important technical details behind such models, including atmospheric forcing, bathymetry, astronomical tidal forcing, self-attraction and loading, quadratic bottom boundary layer drag, parameterized topographic internal wave drag, shallow-water tidal equations, and a brief summary of the theory of linear internal gravity waves. We focus on simulations run with two models, the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). We compare the modeled internal tides and internal gravity wave continuum to satellite altimeter observations, moored observational records, and the predictions of the Garrett-Munk (1975) internal gravity wave continuum spectrum. We briefly examine specific topics of interest, such as tidal energetics, internal tide nonstationarity, and the role of nonlinearities in generating the modeled internal gravity wave continuum. We also describe our first attempts at using a Kalman filter to improve the accuracy of tides embedded within a general circulation model. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of modeling stationary internal tides, non-stationary internal tides, and the internal gravity wave continuum spectrum for satellite altimetry and other applications.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536242074_55feafcc, 10.17125/gov2018.ch13
Format: Citation

Title: Role of Olfaction for Eating Behavior.
Creator: Fadool, Debra Ann, Kolling, Louis John
Abstract/Description: Our olfactory system not only detects chemicals in the external environment but also subserves to detect the chemicals in our internal environment - the chemistry of energy homeostasis and metabolism. Olfaction guides our eating behavior using an array of neuroendocrine molecules that are detected across the main olfactory epithelium, the olfactory bulb, and higher cortical regions. Both metabolic state (fasting, satiation) and metabolic balance (obesity, metabolic disease) can affect...
Show moreOur olfactory system not only detects chemicals in the external environment but also subserves to detect the chemicals in our internal environment - the chemistry of energy homeostasis and metabolism. Olfaction guides our eating behavior using an array of neuroendocrine molecules that are detected across the main olfactory epithelium, the olfactory bulb, and higher cortical regions. Both metabolic state (fasting, satiation) and metabolic balance (obesity, metabolic disease) can affect olfactory-regulated eating behaviors. This review will delve into the physiological and behavioral link between olfaction, metabolism, eating, and health.
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Date Issued: 2020
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1602514625_d9f0b4ca
Format: Citation

Title: Satellite SST and SSS Observations and Their Roles to Constrain Ocean Models.
Creator: Lee, Tong, Gentemann, Chelle
Abstract/Description: Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) are important parameters of the ocean that influence ocean circulation, air-sea interactions, and biogeochemistry. In the past few decades, since SST measurements from space have become routine, they have been fundamental to ocean and climate research. In the past several years, satellite measurements of SSS have become available to strengthen research and applications for the oceans and the linkages with other elements of the Earth...
Show moreSea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) are important parameters of the ocean that influence ocean circulation, air-sea interactions, and biogeochemistry. In the past few decades, since SST measurements from space have become routine, they have been fundamental to ocean and climate research. In the past several years, satellite measurements of SSS have become available to strengthen research and applications for the oceans and the linkages with other elements of the Earth system. This chapter introduces the key principles and advantages of measuring SST and SSS from space, their complementarity use with other satellite and in situ observations, the past and current missions for these measurements, characteristics of uncertainties for the related data products, and the utility of these measurements in evaluating and constraining ocean model/assimilation systems and improving forecasts.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1536170753_61532520, 10.17125/gov2018.ch11
Format: Citation

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