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Title: High Resolution Real-Time PCR Melting Curve Assay for Identification of Top Five Penaeidae Shrimp Species.
Creator: Sharma, Laxmi, Watts, Evelyn, Singh, Prashant
Abstract/Description: In the United States shrimps is the most popular seafood. Penaeidae shrimp species are known to share morphology characteristic and identification based on morphological appearance becomes more challenging when shrimp is processed into ready-to-eat products. Misrepresentation of shrimp is common in commercially available shrimp. The objective of the study was to develop a high-resolution melting (HRM) real time PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene fragment for specific identification of top...
Show moreIn the United States shrimps is the most popular seafood. Penaeidae shrimp species are known to share morphology characteristic and identification based on morphological appearance becomes more challenging when shrimp is processed into ready-to-eat products. Misrepresentation of shrimp is common in commercially available shrimp. The objective of the study was to develop a high-resolution melting (HRM) real time PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene fragment for specific identification of top five penaeid species, Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus duorarum, Penaeus monodon, Litopenaeus setiferus and Pleoticus muelleri. The applicability of assay was evaluated using two DNA extraction kits and two real-time PCR master mixes. The HRM assay was evaluated using 43 shrimp samples and results were validated by sequencing shrimp 16S rRNA gene fragment. Assay standardized in this study formed distinct melt curve profile for each species in the normalized and differential melt curve plots. The assay using Apex qPCR 2× GREEN master mix showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. Further, species identification results obtained by HRM assay was in complete agreement with identification achieved by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The HRM assay developed in this study can be used as rapid, low-cost, and reliable method for the identification of abovementioned shrimp species.
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Date Issued: 2020-08-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1596128652_08afc3e8, 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109983
Format: Citation

Title: Peroxisomal Gene and Protein Expression Increase in Response to a High-Lipid Challenge in Human Skeletal Muscle.
Creator: Huang, Tai-Yu, Zheng, Donghai, Hickner, Robert C., Brault, Jeffrey J., Cortright, Ronald N.
Abstract/Description: Peroxisomes are essential for lipid metabolism and disruption of liver peroxisomal function results in neonatal death. Little is known about how peroxisomal content and activity respond to changes in the lipid environment in human skeletal muscle (HSkM). Aims: We hypothesized and tested that increased peroxisomal gene/protein expression and functionality occur in HSkM as an adaptive response to lipid oversupply. Materials and Methods: HSkM biopsies, derived from a total of sixty-two subjects,...
Show morePeroxisomes are essential for lipid metabolism and disruption of liver peroxisomal function results in neonatal death. Little is known about how peroxisomal content and activity respond to changes in the lipid environment in human skeletal muscle (HSkM). Aims: We hypothesized and tested that increased peroxisomal gene/protein expression and functionality occur in HSkM as an adaptive response to lipid oversupply. Materials and Methods: HSkM biopsies, derived from a total of sixty-two subjects, were collected for 1) examining correlations between peroxisomal proteins and intramyocellular lipid content (IMLC) as well as between peroxisomal functionality and IMLC, 2) assessing peroxisomal gene expression in response to acute- or 7-day high fat meal (HFM), and in human tissue derived primary myotubes for 3) treating with high fatty acids to induce peroxisomal adaptions. IMLC were measured by both biochemical analyses and fluorescent staining. Peroxisomal membrane protein PMP70 and biogenesis gene (PEX) expression were assessed using western blotting and realtime qRT-PCR respectively. 1-14C radiolabeled lignocerate and palmitate oxidation assays were performed for peroxisomal and mitochondrial functionality respectively.Results: 1) Under fasting conditions, HSkM tissue demonstrated a significant correlation (P<0.05) between IMCL and the peroxisomal biogenesis factor 19 (PEX19) protein as well as between lipid content and palmitate and lignocerate complete oxidation. 2) Similarly, post-HFM, additional PEX genes (Pex19, PEX11A, and PEX5) were significantly (P<0.05) upregulated. 3) Increments in PMP70, carnitine octanoyl transferase (CrOT), PGC-1α, and ERRα mRNA were observed post-fatty acid incubation in HSkM cells. PMP70 protein was significantly (P<0.05) elevated 48-hour post lipid treatment.” Conclusions: These results are the first to associate IMLC with peroxisomal gene/protein expression and function in HSkM suggesting an adaptive role for peroxisomes in lipid metabolism in this tissue.
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Date Issued: 2019-06-18
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1560890123_cdb19951, 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.009
Format: Citation

Title: Interplay between Workload and Functional Perceptual-Cognitive-Affective Responses: An Inclusive Model.
Creator: Alvarez-Alvarado, Stacey, Chow, Graig M., Gabana, Nicole T., Hickner, Robert C., Tenenbaum, Gershon
Abstract/Description: The extent and manner to which the psychological states change as a function of physical effort and related physiological responses have been addressed separately in various theoretical frameworks. We explored a proposed conceptual scheme examining the relationship between perceived exertion, attentional allocation, and affective responses under different workload domains. Thirty male participants performed an incremental cycling test to assess the progression of rate of perceived exertion,...
Show moreThe extent and manner to which the psychological states change as a function of physical effort and related physiological responses have been addressed separately in various theoretical frameworks. We explored a proposed conceptual scheme examining the relationship between perceived exertion, attentional allocation, and affective responses under different workload domains. Thirty male participants performed an incremental cycling test to assess the progression of rate of perceived exertion, attentional focus, affect, and felt arousal along a parallel increase in heart rate (HR) using ventilatory threshold (VT) as a reference point. Results revealed that the VT acts as a metabolic landmark for the attention shifts toward aversive sensory cues, sustained increases in perceived exertion, negative valence, and physiological activation. Monitoring the dynamics of perceived exertion, attention, and affect can complement physiological measures for an accurate control of training workloads during exercise prescription.
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Date Issued: 2019-04-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1556048022_c31426a7, 10.1123/jsep.2018-0336
Format: Citation

Title: Detection Of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia Coli, Stx(1), Stx(2) And Salmonella By Two High Resolution Melt Curve Multiplex Real-time Pcr.
Creator: Singh, Prashant, Liu, Yuejiao, Bosileva, Joseph M., Mustapha, Azlin
Abstract/Description: In the United States, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and six non-O157 serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145 are considered adulterants in non-intact beef. Further, Salmonella is responsible for one of the highest numbers of foodborne infections worldwide. Multiple foods, especially meats, are routinely tested for these pathogens using methods like PCR. However, with such a large group of organisms, multiplexing using probe-based PCR assays is expensive due to the...
Show moreIn the United States, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and six non-O157 serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145 are considered adulterants in non-intact beef. Further, Salmonella is responsible for one of the highest numbers of foodborne infections worldwide. Multiple foods, especially meats, are routinely tested for these pathogens using methods like PCR. However, with such a large group of organisms, multiplexing using probe-based PCR assays is expensive due to the need for differently labeled oligonucleotide probes and sophisticated instrumentation. The aim of this study was to design low-cost multiplex real-time PCR assays for the detection of seven STEC serogroups, stx(1), stx(2) genes and virulent Salmonella. Two multiplex real-time PCR melt curve assays with internal amplification controls (1AG) were standardized. The first assay detected E. coli O121, E. coli O145, E. coli O157, stx(1), and stx(2). The second assay targeted E. coli O26, E. coli O111, E. coil O103, E. coli O45, and Salmonella. Ground beef and beef trim inoculated with 5-27 CFU/325 g of STEC and 9-36 CFU/325 g of Salmonella could be detected following an 8-10 h enrichment at 40 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C in buffered peptone water containing 8 mg/L vancomycin. The assays showed reproducible results for beef products with different fat contents. These assays do not rely on fluorescent-labeled probes or immunomagnetic beads, yet accurately detect seven STEC serogroups, seven stx gene subtypes and Salmonella, making them suitable for routine testing of STEC and Salmonella in beef.
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Date Issued: 2019-02-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000451494400032, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.024
Format: Citation

Title: Hormonal Regulation of Core Clock Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle Following Acute Aerobic Exercise.
Creator: Saracino, Patrick G., Rossetti, Michael L., Steiner, Jennifer L., Gordon, Bradley S.
Abstract/Description: Exercise increases skeletal muscle health in part by altering the types of genes that are transcribed. Previous work suggested that glucocorticoids signal through the protein Regulated in Development and DNA Damage 1 (REDD1) to regulate gene expression following acute aerobic exercise. The present study shows that expression of the core clock gene, Period1, is among those modulated by the glucocorticoid-REDD1 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle. We also provide evidence that Aldosterone and...
Show moreExercise increases skeletal muscle health in part by altering the types of genes that are transcribed. Previous work suggested that glucocorticoids signal through the protein Regulated in Development and DNA Damage 1 (REDD1) to regulate gene expression following acute aerobic exercise. The present study shows that expression of the core clock gene, Period1, is among those modulated by the glucocorticoid-REDD1 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle. We also provide evidence that Aldosterone and Epinephrine contribute to the regulation of Period1 expression via REDD1. These data show that adrenal stress hormones signal through REDD1 to regulate skeletal muscle gene expression, specifically those of the core clock, following acute aerobic exercise.
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Date Issued: 2019-01-15
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1544042612_701ad309, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.034
Format: Citation

Title: Multiplex high resolution melt-curve real-time PCR assay for reliable detection of Salmonella.
Creator: Liu, Yuejiao, Singh, Prashant, Mustapha, Azlin
Abstract/Description: A multiplex high resolution melt-curve (HRM) real-time PCR assay was developed to detect the majority of Salmonella serotypes in general. As compared to a conventional singleplex PCR, the use of HRM and three gene targets allowed for the detection of the majority of Salmonella serotypes while reducing the chances of generating false-negative or false-positive results from non-Salmonella strains. Primers for each of the three target genes, invA, stn and fimA, were specifically designed. This...
Show moreA multiplex high resolution melt-curve (HRM) real-time PCR assay was developed to detect the majority of Salmonella serotypes in general. As compared to a conventional singleplex PCR, the use of HRM and three gene targets allowed for the detection of the majority of Salmonella serotypes while reducing the chances of generating false-negative or false-positive results from non-Salmonella strains. Primers for each of the three target genes, invA, stn and fimA, were specifically designed. This method was tested on 81 Salmonella strains and its applicability was tested on a wide range of food samples. HRM-PCR results showed three specific and well separated peaks for most Salmonella serotypes, which indicated specific amplification of all three targeted genes. Several Salmonella strains showed the absence of one peak, but gave positive results for the other two target genes. Thirty non-Salmonella isolates yielded negative results for all three genes, except Citrobacter freundii which was positive for the stn gene. After a 6-h enrichment, target genes could be detected in 25 g of most food samples inoculated with 103 CFU/g of Salmonella.
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Date Issued: 2018-09
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1593549951_6f45f243, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.043
Format: Citation

Title: Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis..
Creator: Mao, Xiao W, Byrum, Stephanie, Nishiyama, Nina C, Pecaut, Michael J, Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi, Boerma, Marjan, Tackett, Alan J, Shiba, Dai, Shirakawa, Masaki, Takahashi, Satoru,...
Show moreMao, Xiao W, Byrum, Stephanie, Nishiyama, Nina C, Pecaut, Michael J, Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi, Boerma, Marjan, Tackett, Alan J, Shiba, Dai, Shirakawa, Masaki, Takahashi, Satoru, Delp, Michael D
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Abstract/Description: Astronauts are reported to have experienced some impairment in visual acuity during their mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and after they returned to Earth. There is emerging evidence that changes in vision may involve alterations in ocular structure and function. To investigate possible mechanisms, changes in protein expression profiles and oxidative stress-associated apoptosis were examined in mouse ocular tissue after spaceflight. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice ( = 12)...
Show moreAstronauts are reported to have experienced some impairment in visual acuity during their mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and after they returned to Earth. There is emerging evidence that changes in vision may involve alterations in ocular structure and function. To investigate possible mechanisms, changes in protein expression profiles and oxidative stress-associated apoptosis were examined in mouse ocular tissue after spaceflight. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice ( = 12) were launched from the Kennedy Space Center on a SpaceX rocket to the ISS for a 35-day mission. The animals were housed in the mouse Habitat Cage Unit (HCU) in the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) "Kibo" facility on the ISS. The flight mice lived either under an ambient microgravity condition (µg) or in a centrifugal habitat unit that produced 1 artificial gravity (µg + 1 ). Habitat control (HC) and vivarium control mice lived on Earth in HCUs or normal vivarium cages, respectively. Quantitative assessment of ocular tissue demonstrated that the µg group induced significant apoptosis in the retina vascular endothelial cells compared to all other groups ( < 0.05) that was 64% greater than that in the HC group. Proteomic analysis showed that many key pathways responsible for cell death, cell repair, inflammation, and metabolic stress were significantly altered in µg mice compared to HC animals. Additionally, there were more significant changes in regulated protein expression in the µg group relative to that in the µg + 1 group. These data provide evidence that spaceflight induces retinal apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and changes in retinal protein expression related to cellular structure, immune response and metabolic function, and that artificial gravity (AG) provides some protection against these changes. These retinal cellular responses may affect blood⁻retinal barrier (BRB) integrity, visual acuity, and impact the potential risk of developing late retinal degeneration.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-28
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30154332, 10.3390/ijms19092546, PMC6165321, 30154332, 30154332, ijms19092546
Format: Citation

Title: Effects Of Resting, Consecutive, Long-duration Water Immersions On Neuromuscular Endurance In Well-trained Males.
Creator: Myers, Christopher M., Kim, Jeong-Su, Musilli, Megan, McCully, Kevin, Florian, John P.
Abstract/Description: Purpose: This study examined the effects of repeated long-duration water immersions (WI)s at 1.35 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on neuromuscular endurance performance. We hypothesized that, following 5 days of consecutive, resting, long-duration WIs, neuromuscular endurance performance would decrease. Methods: Fifteen well-trained, male subjects completed five consecutive 6-h resting WIs with 18-h surface intervals during the dive week while breathing compressed air at 1.35 ATA. Skeletal muscle...
Show morePurpose: This study examined the effects of repeated long-duration water immersions (WI)s at 1.35 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on neuromuscular endurance performance. We hypothesized that, following 5 days of consecutive, resting, long-duration WIs, neuromuscular endurance performance would decrease. Methods: Fifteen well-trained, male subjects completed five consecutive 6-h resting WIs with 18-h surface intervals during the dive week while breathing compressed air at 1.35 ATA. Skeletal muscle endurance performance was assessed before and after each WI, and 24 and 72 h after the final WI. Muscular endurance assessments included 40% maximum handgrip endurance (MHE) and 50-repetition maximal isokinetic knee extensions. Near infrared spectroscopy was used to measure muscle oxidative capacity of the vastus lateralis and localized muscle tissue oxygenation of the vastus lateralis and flexor carpi radialis. Simultaneously, brachioradialis neuromuscular activation was measured by surface electromyography. Results: A 24.9% increase (p = 0.04) in the muscle oxidative capacity rate constant (k) occurred on WI 4 compared to baseline. No changes occurred in 40% MHE time to exhaustion or rate of fatigue or total work performed for the 50-repetition maximal isokinetic knee extension. The first quartile of deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration showed a 6 and 35% increase on WIs 3 and 5 (p = 0.026) with second quartile increases of 9 and 32% on WIs 3 and 5 (p = 0.049) during the 40% MHE testing when compared to WI 1. Conclusion: Our specific WI protocol resulted in no change to muscular endurance and oxygen kinetics in load bearing and non-load bearing muscles.
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Date Issued: 2018-07-27
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000440033600001, 10.3389/fphys.2018.00977
Format: Citation

Title: Effects of Resting, Consecutive, Long-Duration Water Immersions on Neuromuscular Endurance in Well-Trained Males.
Creator: Myers, Christopher M, Kim, Jeong-Su, Musilli, Megan, McCully, Kevin, Florian, John P
Abstract/Description: This study examined the effects of repeated long-duration water immersions (WI)s at 1.35 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on neuromuscular endurance performance. We hypothesized that, following 5 days of consecutive, resting, long-duration WIs, neuromuscular endurance performance would decrease. Fifteen well-trained, male subjects completed five consecutive 6-h resting WIs with 18-h surface intervals during the dive week while breathing compressed air at 1.35 ATA. Skeletal muscle endurance...
Show moreThis study examined the effects of repeated long-duration water immersions (WI)s at 1.35 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on neuromuscular endurance performance. We hypothesized that, following 5 days of consecutive, resting, long-duration WIs, neuromuscular endurance performance would decrease. Fifteen well-trained, male subjects completed five consecutive 6-h resting WIs with 18-h surface intervals during the dive week while breathing compressed air at 1.35 ATA. Skeletal muscle endurance performance was assessed before and after each WI, and 24 and 72 h after the final WI. Muscular endurance assessments included 40% maximum handgrip endurance (MHE) and 50-repetition maximal isokinetic knee extensions. Near infrared spectroscopy was used to measure muscle oxidative capacity of the vastus lateralis and localized muscle tissue oxygenation of the vastus lateralis and flexor carpi radialis. Simultaneously, brachioradialis neuromuscular activation was measured by surface electromyography. A 24.9% increase ( = 0.04) in the muscle oxidative capacity rate constant () occurred on WI 4 compared to baseline. No changes occurred in 40% MHE time to exhaustion or rate of fatigue or total work performed for the 50-repetition maximal isokinetic knee extension. The first quartile of deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration showed a 6 and 35% increase on WIs 3 and 5 ( = 0.026) with second quartile increases of 9 and 32% on WIs 3 and 5 ( = 0.049) during the 40% MHE testing when compared to WI 1. Our specific WI protocol resulted in no change to muscular endurance and oxygen kinetics in load bearing and non-load bearing muscles.
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Date Issued: 2018-07-27
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30100879, 10.3389/fphys.2018.00977, PMC6072852, 30100879, 30100879
Format: Citation

Title: Functionality in Middle-Aged and Older Overweight and Obese Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis.
Creator: Akhavan, Neda S, Ormsbee, Lauren, Johnson, Sarah A, George, Kelli S, Foley, Elizabeth M, Elam, Marcus L, Ezzat-Zadeh, Zahra, Panton, Lynn B, Arjmandi, Bahram H
Abstract/Description: Patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) suffer from immobility and pain. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between pain and functionality in middle-aged and older overweight and obese individuals with mild-to-moderate knee OA. Overall pattern, physical activity, and total energy expenditure (TEE) were assessed in 83 participants. The Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to assess lower extremity pain and function....
Show morePatients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) suffer from immobility and pain. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between pain and functionality in middle-aged and older overweight and obese individuals with mild-to-moderate knee OA. Overall pattern, physical activity, and total energy expenditure (TEE) were assessed in 83 participants. The Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to assess lower extremity pain and function. The six-minute walk test (6-MWT) and range of motion (ROM) were also assessed. Results indicated that age was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) ( = 0.349) and total WOMAC scores ( = 0.247). BMI was positively associated with TEE ( = 0.430) and WOMAC scores ( = 0.268), while ROM was positively associated with the 6-MWT ( = 0.561) and negatively associated with WOMAC ( = 0.338) and pain scores ( = 0.222). Furthermore, women had significantly greater WOMAC scores ( 0.046) than men. Older participants (≥65 years old) had significantly lower BMI ( 0.002), and distance traveled during the 6-MWT ( 0.013). Our findings indicate that older individuals in this population with knee OA had lower BMI, greater ROM, and less pain and stiffness and walked slower than middle-aged individuals. Women reported greater pain, stiffness, and reduced functionality, indicating that the manifestation of OA may vary due to gender.
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Date Issued: 2018-07-04
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29973574, 10.3390/healthcare6030074, PMC6165234, 29973574, 29973574, healthcare6030074
Format: Citation

Title: The G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor Agonist, G-1, Attenuates Bk Channel Activation In Cerebral Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells.
Creator: Evanson, Kirk W., Goldsmith, Jacob A., Ghosh, Payal, Delp, Michael D.
Abstract/Description: The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a significant modulator of arterial contractility and blood flow. The GPER-specific activator, G-1, has been widely used to characterize GPER function in a variety of tissue types. Large conductance, calcium (Ca2+)-activated K+(BK) channels are sensitive to 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) and estrogenic compounds (e.g., tamoxifen, ICI 182 780) that target estrogen receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of G-1 on BK...
Show moreThe G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a significant modulator of arterial contractility and blood flow. The GPER-specific activator, G-1, has been widely used to characterize GPER function in a variety of tissue types. Large conductance, calcium (Ca2+)-activated K+(BK) channels are sensitive to 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) and estrogenic compounds (e.g., tamoxifen, ICI 182 780) that target estrogen receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of G-1 on BK channel activation and function in cerebral arterial myocytes. Inside-out and perforated patch clamp were utilized to assess the effects of G-1 (50 nmol L-1 -5 mu mol L-1) on BK channel activation and currents in cerebral arterial myocytes. Pressurized artery myography was used to investigate the effects of G-1 on vasodilatory response and BK channel function of cerebral resistance size arteries. G-1 reduced BK channel activation in cerebral arterial myocytes through elevations in BK channel mean close times. Depressed BK channel activation following G-1 application resulted in attenuated physiological BK currents (transient BK currents). G-1 elicited vasodilation, but reduced BK channel function, in pressurized, endothelium-denuded cerebral arteries. These data suggest that G-1 directly suppresses BK channel activation and currents in cerebral arterial myocytes, BK channels being critically important in the regulation of myocyte membrane potential and arterial contractility. Thus, GPER-mediated vasodilation using G-1 to activate the receptor may underestimate the physiological function and relevance of GPER in the cardiovascular system.
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Date Issued: 2018-07-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000442994300003, 10.1002/prp2.409
Format: Citation

Title: The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist, G-1, attenuates BK channel activation in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells.
Creator: Evanson, Kirk W, Goldsmith, Jacob A, Ghosh, Payal, Delp, Michael D
Abstract/Description: The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a significant modulator of arterial contractility and blood flow. The GPER-specific activator, G-1, has been widely used to characterize GPER function in a variety of tissue types. Large conductance, calcium (Ca)-activated K (BK) channels are sensitive to 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and estrogenic compounds (e.g., tamoxifen, ICI 182 780) that target estrogen receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of G-1 on BK channel...
Show moreThe G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a significant modulator of arterial contractility and blood flow. The GPER-specific activator, G-1, has been widely used to characterize GPER function in a variety of tissue types. Large conductance, calcium (Ca)-activated K (BK) channels are sensitive to 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and estrogenic compounds (e.g., tamoxifen, ICI 182 780) that target estrogen receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of G-1 on BK channel activation and function in cerebral arterial myocytes. Inside-out and perforated patch clamp were utilized to assess the effects of G-1 (50 nmol·L-5 μmol·L) on BK channel activation and currents in cerebral arterial myocytes. Pressurized artery myography was used to investigate the effects of G-1 on vasodilatory response and BK channel function of cerebral resistance size arteries. G-1 reduced BK channel activation in cerebral arterial myocytes through elevations in BK channel mean close times. Depressed BK channel activation following G-1 application resulted in attenuated physiological BK currents (transient BK currents). G-1 elicited vasodilation, but reduced BK channel function, in pressurized, endothelium-denuded cerebral arteries. These data suggest that G-1 directly suppresses BK channel activation and currents in cerebral arterial myocytes, BK channels being critically important in the regulation of myocyte membrane potential and arterial contractility. Thus, GPER-mediated vasodilation using G-1 to activate the receptor may underestimate the physiological function and relevance of GPER in the cardiovascular system.
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Date Issued: 2018-06-21
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29938113, 10.1002/prp2.409, PMC6011940, 29938113, 29938113, PRP2409
Format: Citation

Title: Nadph Oxidases And Mitochondria In Vascular Senescence.
Creator: Salazar, Gloria
Abstract/Description: Aging is the major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or by reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes is a major contributor to the progression of vascular senescence, pathologic remodeling of the vascular wall, and disease. Both oxidative stress and inflammation promote the development of senescence, a process by...
Show moreAging is the major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or by reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes is a major contributor to the progression of vascular senescence, pathologic remodeling of the vascular wall, and disease. Both oxidative stress and inflammation promote the development of senescence, a process by which cells stop proliferating and become dysfunctional. This review focuses on the role of the mitochondria and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases Nox1 and Nox4 in vascular senescence, and their contribution to the development of atherosclerosis. Recent findings are reviewed, supporting a critical role of the mitochondrial regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha), the inflammatory gene nuclear factor B (NF-kappa B), zinc, the zinc transporters (ZnTs) ZnT3 and ZnT10, and angiotensin II (Ang II) in mitochondrial function, and their role in telomere stability, which provides new mechanistic insights into a previously proposed unified theory of aging.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000435297000063, 10.3390/ijms19051327
Format: Citation

Title: NADPH Oxidases and Mitochondria in Vascular Senescence.
Creator: Salazar, Gloria
Abstract/Description: Aging is the major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or by reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes is a major contributor to the progression of vascular senescence, pathologic remodeling of the vascular wall, and disease. Both oxidative stress and inflammation promote the development of senescence, a process by...
Show moreAging is the major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or by reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes is a major contributor to the progression of vascular senescence, pathologic remodeling of the vascular wall, and disease. Both oxidative stress and inflammation promote the development of senescence, a process by which cells stop proliferating and become dysfunctional. This review focuses on the role of the mitochondria and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases Nox1 and Nox4 in vascular senescence, and their contribution to the development of atherosclerosis. Recent findings are reviewed, supporting a critical role of the mitochondrial regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), the inflammatory gene nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), zinc, the zinc transporters (ZnTs) ZnT3 and ZnT10, and angiotensin II (Ang II) in mitochondrial function, and their role in telomere stability, which provides new mechanistic insights into a previously proposed unified theory of aging.
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Date Issued: 2018-04-29
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29710840, 10.3390/ijms19051327, PMC5983750, 29710840, 29710840, ijms19051327
Format: Citation

Title: High-Resolution Melt Curve PCR Assay for Specific Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in Beef.
Creator: Liu, Yuejiao, Singh, Prashant, Mustapha, Azlin
Abstract/Description: Among the disease-causing Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), E. coli O157:H7 is estimated to cause one-third of the total STEC illnesses and the most cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in the U.S. The uidA gene which is present in the majority of E. coli strains, codes for the synthesis of -D-glucuronidase (GUD). In E. coli O157:H7, the uidA gene has a single point mutation at the +93 position that leads to an alteration in the amino acid sequence encoding the GUD enzyme....
Show moreAmong the disease-causing Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), E. coli O157:H7 is estimated to cause one-third of the total STEC illnesses and the most cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in the U.S. The uidA gene which is present in the majority of E. coli strains, codes for the synthesis of -D-glucuronidase (GUD). In E. coli O157:H7, the uidA gene has a single point mutation at the +93 position that leads to an alteration in the amino acid sequence encoding the GUD enzyme. The aim of this study was to distinguish E. coli O157:H7 from other E. coli using a high-resolution melt curve (HRM) real-time PCR assay. Based on the uidA mutation in E. coli O157:H7, a reliable PCR assay targeting the uidA gene was developed to differentiate E. coli O157:H7 from other E. coli serotypes and the closely related Shigella spp. The assay was validated using a set of 129 pure bacterial DNA samples and spiked ground beef and beef trim. Isolates of E. coli O157:H7 formed distinctive melt peaks that were easily distinguishable from those of other E. coli serogroups and Shigella isolates in the PCR plot. Therefore, this assay was able to clearly discriminate E. coli O157:H7 strains from other E. coli and Shigella. With a 5-8 h enrichment time, 10 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 were detectable in 325 g spiked beef samples. The HRM E. coli O157:H7 detection assay standardized in this study will allow for accurate identification of contaminated food samples and help in preventing foodborne outbreaks caused by this pathogen.
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Date Issued: 2018-04
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1593550275_163f4e35, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.11.025
Format: Citation

Title: Effects of pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition or testosterone administration on soleus muscle atrophy in rodents after spinal cord injury.
Creator: Phillips, Ean G, Beggs, Luke A, Ye, Fan, Conover, Christine F, Beck, Darren T, Otzel, Dana M, Ghosh, Payal, Bassit, Anna C F, Borst, Stephen E, Yarrow, Joshua F
Abstract/Description: Sclerostin is a circulating osteocyte-derived glycoprotein that negatively regulates Wnt-signaling after binding the LRP5/LRP6 co-receptors. Pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition produces bone anabolic effects after spinal cord injury (SCI), however, the effects of sclerostin-antibody (Scl-Ab) on muscle morphology remain unknown. In comparison, androgen administration produces bone antiresorptive effects after SCI and some, but not all, studies have reported that testosterone treatment...
Show moreSclerostin is a circulating osteocyte-derived glycoprotein that negatively regulates Wnt-signaling after binding the LRP5/LRP6 co-receptors. Pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition produces bone anabolic effects after spinal cord injury (SCI), however, the effects of sclerostin-antibody (Scl-Ab) on muscle morphology remain unknown. In comparison, androgen administration produces bone antiresorptive effects after SCI and some, but not all, studies have reported that testosterone treatment ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy in this context. Our purposes were to determine whether Scl-Ab prevents hindlimb muscle loss after SCI and compare the effects of Scl-Ab to testosterone enanthate (TE), an agent with known myotrophic effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 5 months received: (A) SHAM surgery (T8 laminectomy), (B) moderate-severe contusion SCI, (C) SCI+TE (7.0 mg/wk, im), or (D) SCI+Scl-Ab (25 mg/kg, twice weekly, sc). Twenty-one days post-injury, SCI animals exhibited a 31% lower soleus mass in comparison to SHAM, accompanied by >50% lower soleus muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) (p<0.01 for all fiber types). Scl-Ab did not prevent soleus atrophy, consistent with the relatively low circulating sclerostin concentrations and with the 91-99% lower LRP5/LRP6 gene expressions in soleus versus tibia (p<0.001), a tissue with known anabolic responsiveness to Scl-Ab. In comparison, TE partially prevented soleus atrophy and increased levator ani/bulbocavernosus (LABC) mass by 30-40% (p<0.001 vs all groups). The differing myotrophic responsiveness coincided with a 3-fold higher androgen receptor gene expression in LABC versus soleus (p<0.01). This study provides the first direct evidence that Scl-Ab does not prevent soleus muscle atrophy in rodents after SCI and suggests that variable myotrophic responses in rodent muscles after androgen administration are influenced by androgen receptor expression.
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Date Issued: 2018-03-26
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29579075, 10.1371/journal.pone.0194440, PMC5868788, 29579075, 29579075, PONE-D-17-24505
Format: Citation

Title: Increased Mitochondrial Turnover in the Skeletal Muscle of Fasted, Castrated Mice is Related to the Magnitude of Autophagy Activation and Muscle Atrophy.
Creator: Rossetti, Michael L., Steiner, Jennifer L., Gordon, Bradley S.
Abstract/Description: Androgen-deficiency promotes muscle atrophy in part by increasing autophagy-mediated muscle protein breakdown during the fasted state, but factors contributing to this remain undefined. To identify novel factors, mice were subjected to sham or castration surgery. Seven-weeks post-surgery, mice were fasted overnight, refed for 30 min, and fasted another 4.5 h before sacrifice. BNIP3-mediated turnover of mitochondria was increased within the atrophied tibialis anterior (TA) of castrated mice...
Show moreAndrogen-deficiency promotes muscle atrophy in part by increasing autophagy-mediated muscle protein breakdown during the fasted state, but factors contributing to this remain undefined. To identify novel factors, mice were subjected to sham or castration surgery. Seven-weeks post-surgery, mice were fasted overnight, refed for 30 min, and fasted another 4.5 h before sacrifice. BNIP3-mediated turnover of mitochondria was increased within the atrophied tibialis anterior (TA) of castrated mice and related to the magnitude of muscle atrophy and autophagy activation (i.e. decreased p62 protein content), thus linking turnover of potentially dysfunctional mitochondria with autophagy-mediated atrophy. Autophagy induction was likely facilitated by AMPK activation as a stress survival mechanism since phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr172), as well as the pro survival kinases Akt (Thr308) and (ERK1/2 Thr202/Tyr204), were increased by castration. Together, these data identify a novel relationship between mitochondrial turnover in the fasted state with autophagy activation and muscle atrophy following androgen depletion.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1516825977_c253adf5, 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.017
Format: Citation

Title: Utilizing Dietary Micronutrient Ratios in Nutritional Research May be More Informative than Focusing on Single Nutrients.
Creator: Kelly, Owen J, Gilman, Jennifer C, Ilich, Jasminka Z
Abstract/Description: The 2015 US dietary guidelines advise the importance of good dietary patterns for health, which includes all nutrients. Micronutrients are rarely, if ever, consumed separately, they are not tissue specific in their actions and at the molecular level they are multitaskers. Metabolism functions within a seemingly random cellular milieu however ratios are important, for example, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate, or oxidized to reduced glutathione. Health status is...
Show moreThe 2015 US dietary guidelines advise the importance of good dietary patterns for health, which includes all nutrients. Micronutrients are rarely, if ever, consumed separately, they are not tissue specific in their actions and at the molecular level they are multitaskers. Metabolism functions within a seemingly random cellular milieu however ratios are important, for example, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate, or oxidized to reduced glutathione. Health status is determined by simple ratios, such as the waist hip ratio, or ratio of fat mass to lean mass. Some nutrient ratios exist and remain controversial such as the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and the sodium/potassium ratio. Therefore, examining ratios of micronutrients may convey more information about how diet and health outcomes are related. Summarized micronutrient intake data, from food only, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used to generate initial ratios. Overall, in this preliminary analysis dietary ratios of micronutrients showed some differences between intakes and recommendations. Principles outlined here could be used in nutritional epidemiology and in basic nutritional research, rather than focusing on individual nutrient intakes. This paper presents the concept of micronutrient ratios to encourage change in the way nutrients are regarded.
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Date Issued: 2018-01-19
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29351249, 10.3390/nu10010107, PMC5793335, 29351249, 29351249, nu10010107
Format: Citation

Title: Utilizing Dietary Micronutrient Ratios In Nutritional Research May Be More Informative Than Focusing On Single Nutrients.
Creator: Kelly, Owen J., Gilman, Jennifer C., Ilich, Jasminka Z.
Abstract/Description: The 2015 US dietary guidelines advise the importance of good dietary patterns for health, which includes all nutrients. Micronutrients are rarely, if ever, consumed separately, they are not tissue specific in their actions and at the molecular level they are multitaskers. Metabolism functions within a seemingly random cellular milieu however ratios are important, for example, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate, or oxidized to reduced glutathione. Health status is...
Show moreThe 2015 US dietary guidelines advise the importance of good dietary patterns for health, which includes all nutrients. Micronutrients are rarely, if ever, consumed separately, they are not tissue specific in their actions and at the molecular level they are multitaskers. Metabolism functions within a seemingly random cellular milieu however ratios are important, for example, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate, or oxidized to reduced glutathione. Health status is determined by simple ratios, such as the waist hip ratio, or ratio of fat mass to lean mass. Some nutrient ratios exist and remain controversial such as the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and the sodium/potassium ratio. Therefore, examining ratios of micronutrients may convey more information about how diet and health outcomes are related. Summarized micronutrient intake data, from food only, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used to generate initial ratios. Overall, in this preliminary analysis dietary ratios of micronutrients showed some differences between intakes and recommendations. Principles outlined here could be used in nutritional epidemiology and in basic nutritional research, rather than focusing on individual nutrient intakes. This paper presents the concept of micronutrient ratios to encourage change in the way nutrients are regarded.
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Date Issued: 2018-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000424088000106, 10.3390/nu10010107
Format: Citation

Title: Energy compensation after sprint- and high-intensity interval training.
Creator: Schubert, Matthew M, Palumbo, Elyse, Seay, Rebekah F, Spain, Katie K, Clarke, Holly E
Abstract/Description: Many individuals lose less weight than expected in response to exercise interventions when considering the increased energy expenditure of exercise (ExEE). This is due to energy compensation in response to ExEE, which may include increases in energy intake (EI) and decreases in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA). We examined the degree of energy compensation in healthy young men and women in response to interval training. Data were examined from a prior study in which 24 participants (mean...
Show moreMany individuals lose less weight than expected in response to exercise interventions when considering the increased energy expenditure of exercise (ExEE). This is due to energy compensation in response to ExEE, which may include increases in energy intake (EI) and decreases in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA). We examined the degree of energy compensation in healthy young men and women in response to interval training. Data were examined from a prior study in which 24 participants (mean age, BMI, & VO2max = 28 yrs, 27.7 kg•m-2, and 32 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) completed either 4 weeks of sprint-interval training or high-intensity interval training. Energy compensation was calculated from changes in body composition (air displacement plethysmography) and exercise energy expenditure was calculated from mean heart rate based on the heart rate-VO2 relationship. Differences between high (≥ 100%) and low (< 100%) levels of energy compensation were assessed. Linear regressions were utilized to determine associations between energy compensation and ΔVO2max, ΔEI, ΔNEPA, and Δresting metabolic rate. Very large individual differences in energy compensation were noted. In comparison to individuals with low levels of compensation, individuals with high levels of energy compensation gained fat mass, lost fat-free mass, and had lower change scores for VO2max and NEPA. Linear regression results indicated that lower levels of energy compensation were associated with increases in ΔVO2max (p < 0.001) and ΔNEPA (p < 0.001). Considerable variation exists in response to short-term, low dose interval training. In agreement with prior work, increases in ΔVO2max and ΔNEPA were associated with lower energy compensation. Future studies should focus on identifying if a dose-response relationship for energy compensation exists in response to interval training, and what underlying mechanisms and participant traits contribute to the large variation between individuals.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29244836, 10.1371/journal.pone.0189590, PMC5731706, 29244836, 29244836, PONE-D-17-24646
Format: Citation

Title: REDD1 Induction Regulates the Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Signature following Acute 2 Aerobic Exercise.
Creator: Gordon, Bradley S., Steiner, Jennifer L., Rossetti, Michael L., Qiao, Shuxi, Ellisen, Leif W., Govindarajan, Subramaniam S., Eroshkin, Alexey M., Williamson, David L., Coen,...
Show moreGordon, Bradley S., Steiner, Jennifer L., Rossetti, Michael L., Qiao, Shuxi, Ellisen, Leif W., Govindarajan, Subramaniam S., Eroshkin, Alexey M., Williamson, David L., Coen, Paul M.
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Abstract/Description: The metabolic stress placed on skeletal muscle by aerobic exercise promotes acute and long-term health benefits in part through changes in gene expression. However, the transducers that mediate altered gene expression signatures have not been completely elucidated. Regulated in Development and DNA Damage 1 (REDD1) is a stress-induced protein whose expression is transiently increased in skeletal muscle following acute aerobic exercise. However, the role of this induction remains unclear....
Show moreThe metabolic stress placed on skeletal muscle by aerobic exercise promotes acute and long-term health benefits in part through changes in gene expression. However, the transducers that mediate altered gene expression signatures have not been completely elucidated. Regulated in Development and DNA Damage 1 (REDD1) is a stress-induced protein whose expression is transiently increased in skeletal muscle following acute aerobic exercise. However, the role of this induction remains unclear. Because REDD1 altered gene expression in other model systems, we sought to determine whether REDD1 induction following acute exercise altered the gene expression signature in muscle. To do this, wild type and REDD1 null mice were randomized to remain sedentary or undergo a bout of acute treadmill exercise. Exercised mice recovered for 1, 3, or 6 hr prior to sacrifice. Acute exercise induced a transient increase in REDD1 protein expression within the plantaris only at 1 hr post exercise, and the induction occurred in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions. At this time point, global changes in gene expression were surveyed using microarray. REDD1 induction was required for the exercise induced change in expression of 24 genes. Validation by RT-PCR confirmed that the exercise-mediated changes in genes related to exercise capacity, muscle protein metabolism, neuromuscular junction remodeling, and Metformin action, were negated in REDD1 null mice. Lastly, the exercise-mediated induction of REDD1 was partially dependent upon glucocorticoid receptor activation. In all, these data show that REDD1 induction regulates the exercise mediated change in a distinct set of genes within skeletal muscle.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1508863251_376eb1ac, 10.1152/ajpendo.00120.2017
Format: Citation

Title: Immunodetection of Porcine Red Blood Cell Containing Food Ingredients Using a Porcine-Hemoglobin-Specific Monoclonal Antibody.
Creator: Ofori, Jack A, Hsieh, Yun-Hwa P
Abstract/Description: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 24C12-E7 has been found to bind to a 12 kDa antigenic protein in the red blood cell (RBC) of porcine blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the identity of this 12 kDa protein and consequently examine its potential as a marker for monitoring porcine RBC-containing ingredients (PRBCIs) in foods. Proteomic techniques identified the 12 kDa antigenic protein to be a monomer of the tetrameric hemoglobin molecule. Further heat-processing of spray-dried PRBCIs...
Show moreMonoclonal antibody (mAb) 24C12-E7 has been found to bind to a 12 kDa antigenic protein in the red blood cell (RBC) of porcine blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the identity of this 12 kDa protein and consequently examine its potential as a marker for monitoring porcine RBC-containing ingredients (PRBCIs) in foods. Proteomic techniques identified the 12 kDa antigenic protein to be a monomer of the tetrameric hemoglobin molecule. Further heat-processing of spray-dried PRBCIs diminishes its detectability. Whereas mAb 24C12-E7-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) could detect 1% (/) or less of PRBCIs in raw and cooked ground meats (beef, pork and chicken), the detection limits were 3 to 30 times higher for spiked cooked beef and pork. The assay is effective for monitoring the presence of PRBCIs in foods to protect the billions of people that avoid consuming blood. In situations where these PRBCIs are present as ingredients in foods that have undergone further heat processing, the assay, however, may not be as sensitive depending on the types of sample matrix, types of PRBCIs and the level of inclusion.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-20
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29156611, 10.3390/foods6110101, PMC5704145, 29156611, 29156611, foods6110101
Format: Citation

Title: Effects of conjugated linoleic acid/n-3 and resistance training on muscle quality and expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases in middle-aged mice with high-fat dietinduced obesity.
Creator: Oh, Seung-Lyul, Lee, Sang-Rok, Kim, Jeong-Su
Abstract/Description: To investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)/n-3 supplements and resistance exercise training (RT) for 20 weeks on muscle quality and genes related to protein synthesis/degradation in middle-aged mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Nine-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) normal diet (C), 2) high-fat diet (H), 3) H+RT (HRT), 4) H+CLA/n-3 (H-CN), and 5) H+RT+CLA/n-3 (H-RTCN). HFD groups were given a diet containing 60% fat for 20...
Show moreTo investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)/n-3 supplements and resistance exercise training (RT) for 20 weeks on muscle quality and genes related to protein synthesis/degradation in middle-aged mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Nine-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) normal diet (C), 2) high-fat diet (H), 3) H+RT (HRT), 4) H+CLA/n-3 (H-CN), and 5) H+RT+CLA/n-3 (H-RTCN). HFD groups were given a diet containing 60% fat for 20 weeks, and exercised groups underwent progressive RT using weighted ladder climbing. The CLA/n-3 mixed diet contained 1% CLA and 1% n-3. Grip strength was assessed, and triceps were removed. RT-PCR was used to analyze transcript levels. Grip strength of the H group was significantly lower than that of the C group; however, those in the H-CN, H-RT, and H-RTN groups were significantly greater than that in the H group. However, the muscle quality was significantly greater only in the H-RT group compared with the H and H-CN groups. Akt expression decreased in the H-CN, H-RT, and H-RTCN groups compared with those in the C and H groups, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin expression increased in the H, H-CN, H-RT, and H-RTCN groups compared with that in the C group. However, atrogin1 was significantly downregulated in the H-RTCN group compared with that in the H and H-CN groups, and MuRF1 expression was also decreased in the H-RT and H-RTCN groups. Interestingly, atrogin1 and MuRF1 were downregulated in the H-RTCN group compared with that in the H-CN group. HFD-mediated gene expression involved in protein degradation was attenuated following 20-week RT with CLA/n-3. Furthermore, RT with or without CLA/n-3 improved grip strength and muscle quality in middle-aged mice during HFD. Therefore, RT with CLA/n-3 during HFD may improve muscle strength and quality by suppressing protein degradation.
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Date Issued: 2017-09-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29036761, 10.20463/jenb.2017.0028, PMC5643205, 29036761, 29036761, JENB_2017_v21n3
Format: Citation

Title: International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timing..
Creator: Kerksick, Chad M, Arent, Shawn, Schoenfeld, Brad J, Stout, Jeffrey R, Campbell, Bill, Wilborn, Colin D, Taylor, Lem, Kalman, Doug, Smith-Ryan, Abbie E, Kreider, Richard B,...
Show moreKerksick, Chad M, Arent, Shawn, Schoenfeld, Brad J, Stout, Jeffrey R, Campbell, Bill, Wilborn, Colin D, Taylor, Lem, Kalman, Doug, Smith-Ryan, Abbie E, Kreider, Richard B, Willoughby, Darryn, Arciero, Paul J, VanDusseldorp, Trisha A, Ormsbee, Michael J, Wildman, Robert, Greenwood, Mike, Ziegenfuss, Tim N, Aragon, Alan A, Antonio, Jose
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Abstract/Description: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review regarding the timing of macronutrients in reference to healthy, exercising adults and in particular highly trained individuals on exercise performance and body composition. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN:Nutrient timing incorporates the use of methodical planning and eating of whole foods, fortified foods and dietary supplements. The timing of energy intake and the ratio of...
Show moreThe International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review regarding the timing of macronutrients in reference to healthy, exercising adults and in particular highly trained individuals on exercise performance and body composition. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN:Nutrient timing incorporates the use of methodical planning and eating of whole foods, fortified foods and dietary supplements. The timing of energy intake and the ratio of certain ingested macronutrients may enhance recovery and tissue repair, augment muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and improve mood states following high-volume or intense exercise.Endogenous glycogen stores are maximized by following a high-carbohydrate diet (8-12 g of carbohydrate/kg/day [g/kg/day]); moreover, these stores are depleted most by high volume exercise.If rapid restoration of glycogen is required (< 4 h of recovery time) then the following strategies should be considered:aggressive carbohydrate refeeding (1.2 g/kg/h) with a preference towards carbohydrate sources that have a high (> 70) glycemic indexthe addition of caffeine (3-8 mg/kg)combining carbohydrates (0.8 g/kg/h) with protein (0.2-0.4 g/kg/h) Extended (> 60 min) bouts of high intensity (> 70% VOmax) exercise challenge fuel supply and fluid regulation, thus carbohydrate should be consumed at a rate of ~30-60 g of carbohydrate/h in a 6-8% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (6-12 fluid ounces) every 10-15 min throughout the entire exercise bout, particularly in those exercise bouts that span beyond 70 min. When carbohydrate delivery is inadequate, adding protein may help increase performance, ameliorate muscle damage, promote euglycemia and facilitate glycogen re-synthesis.Carbohydrate ingestion throughout resistance exercise (e.g., 3-6 sets of 8-12 repetition maximum [RM] using multiple exercises targeting all major muscle groups) has been shown to promote euglycemia and higher glycogen stores. Consuming carbohydrate solely or in combination with protein during resistance exercise increases muscle glycogen stores, ameliorates muscle damage, and facilitates greater acute and chronic training adaptations.Meeting the total daily intake of protein, preferably with evenly spaced protein feedings (approximately every 3 h during the day), should be viewed as a primary area of emphasis for exercising individuals.Ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA; approximately 10 g)either in free form or as part of a protein bolus of approximately 20-40 g has been shown to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS).Pre- and/or post-exercise nutritional interventions (carbohydrate + protein or protein alone) may operate as an effective strategy to support increases in strength and improvements in body composition. However, the size and timing of a pre-exercise meal may impact the extent to which post-exercise protein feeding is required.Post-exercise ingestion (immediately to 2-h post) of high-quality protein sources stimulates robust increases in MPS.In non-exercising scenarios, changing the frequency of meals has shown limited impact on weight loss and body composition, with stronger evidence to indicate meal frequency can favorably improve appetite and satiety. More research is needed to determine the influence of combining an exercise program with altered meal frequencies on weight loss and body composition with preliminary research indicating a potential benefit.Ingesting a 20-40 g protein dose (0.25-0.40 g/kg body mass/dose) of a high-quality source every three to 4 h appears to most favorably affect MPS rates when compared to other dietary patterns and is associated with improved body composition and performance outcomes.Consuming casein protein (~ 30-40 g) prior to sleep can acutely increase MPS and metabolic rate throughout the night without influencing lipolysis.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-29
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28919842, 10.1186/s12970-017-0189-4, PMC5596471, 28919842, 28919842, 189
Format: Citation

Title: Comparative Effectiveness of Plantar-Massage Techniques on Postural Control in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability.
Creator: Wikstrom, Erik A, Song, Kyeongtak, Lea, Ashley, Brown, Nastassia
Abstract/Description: One of the major concerns after an acute lateral ankle sprain is the potential for development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). The existing research has determined that clinician-delivered plantar massage improves postural control in those with CAI. However, the effectiveness of self-administered treatments and the underlying cause of any improvements remain unclear. To determine (1) the effectiveness of a self-administered plantar-massage treatment in those with CAI and (2) whether...
Show more One of the major concerns after an acute lateral ankle sprain is the potential for development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). The existing research has determined that clinician-delivered plantar massage improves postural control in those with CAI. However, the effectiveness of self-administered treatments and the underlying cause of any improvements remain unclear. To determine (1) the effectiveness of a self-administered plantar-massage treatment in those with CAI and (2) whether the postural-control improvements were due to the stimulation of the plantar cutaneous receptors. Crossover study. University setting. A total of 20 physically active individuals (6 men and 14 women) with self-reported CAI. All participants completed 3 test sessions involving 3 treatments: a clinician-delivered manual plantar massage, a patient-delivered self-massage with a ball, and a clinician-delivered sensory brush massage. Postural control was assessed using single-legged balance with eyes open and the Star Excursion Balance Test. Static postural control improved (P ≤ .014) after each of the interventions. However, no changes in dynamic postural control after any of the interventions were observed (P > .05). No differences were observed between a clinician-delivered manual plantar massage and either a patient-delivered self-massage with a ball or a clinician-delivered sensory brush massage in any postural-control outcome. In those with CAI, single 5-minute sessions of traditional plantar massage, self-administered massage, and sensory brush massage each resulted in comparable static postural-control improvements. The results also provide empirical evidence suggesting that the mechanism for the postural-control improvements is the stimulation of the plantar cutaneous receptors.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28722491, 10.4085/1062-6050-52.4.02, PMC5517117, 28722491, 28722491
Format: Citation

Title: International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise..
Creator: Jäger, Ralf, Kerksick, Chad M, Campbell, Bill I, Cribb, Paul J, Wells, Shawn D, Skwiat, Tim M, Purpura, Martin, Ziegenfuss, Tim N, Ferrando, Arny A, Arent, Shawn M, Smith-Ryan,...
Show moreJäger, Ralf, Kerksick, Chad M, Campbell, Bill I, Cribb, Paul J, Wells, Shawn D, Skwiat, Tim M, Purpura, Martin, Ziegenfuss, Tim N, Ferrando, Arny A, Arent, Shawn M, Smith-Ryan, Abbie E, Stout, Jeffrey R, Arciero, Paul J, Ormsbee, Michael J, Taylor, Lem W, Wilborn, Colin D, Kalman, Doug S, Kreider, Richard B, Willoughby, Darryn S, Hoffman, Jay R, Krzykowski, Jamie L, Antonio, Jose
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Abstract/Description: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review related to the intake of protein for healthy, exercising individuals. Based on the current available literature, the position of the Society is as follows:An acute exercise stimulus, particularly resistance exercise, and protein ingestion both stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and are synergistic when protein consumption occurs before or after resistance exercise.For building muscle mass and...
Show moreThe International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review related to the intake of protein for healthy, exercising individuals. Based on the current available literature, the position of the Society is as follows:An acute exercise stimulus, particularly resistance exercise, and protein ingestion both stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and are synergistic when protein consumption occurs before or after resistance exercise.For building muscle mass and for maintaining muscle mass through a positive muscle protein balance, an overall daily protein intake in the range of 1.4-2.0 g protein/kg body weight/day (g/kg/d) is sufficient for most exercising individuals, a value that falls in line within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range published by the Institute of Medicine for protein.Higher protein intakes (2.3-3.1 g/kg/d) may be needed to maximize the retention of lean body mass in resistance-trained subjects during hypocaloric periods.There is novel evidence that suggests higher protein intakes (>3.0 g/kg/d) may have positive effects on body composition in resistance-trained individuals (i.e., promote loss of fat mass).Recommendations regarding the optimal protein intake per serving for athletes to maximize MPS are mixed and are dependent upon age and recent resistance exercise stimuli. General recommendations are 0.25 g of a high-quality protein per kg of body weight, or an absolute dose of 20-40 g.Acute protein doses should strive to contain 700-3000 mg of leucine and/or a higher relative leucine content, in addition to a balanced array of the essential amino acids (EAAs).These protein doses should ideally be evenly distributed, every 3-4 h, across the day.The optimal time period during which to ingest protein is likely a matter of individual tolerance, since benefits are derived from pre- or post-workout ingestion; however, the anabolic effect of exercise is long-lasting (at least 24 h), but likely diminishes with increasing time post-exercise.While it is possible for physically active individuals to obtain their daily protein requirements through the consumption of whole foods, supplementation is a practical way of ensuring intake of adequate protein quality and quantity, while minimizing caloric intake, particularly for athletes who typically complete high volumes of training. Rapidly digested proteins that contain high proportions of essential amino acids (EAAs) and adequate leucine, are most effective in stimulating MPS. Different types and quality of protein can affect amino acid bioavailability following protein supplementation. Athletes should consider focusing on whole food sources of protein that contain all of the EAAs (i.e., it is the EAAs that are required to stimulate MPS). Endurance athletes should focus on achieving adequate carbohydrate intake to promote optimal performance; the addition of protein may help to offset muscle damage and promote recovery. Pre-sleep casein protein intake (30-40 g) provides increases in overnight MPS and metabolic rate without influencing lipolysis.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-20
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28642676, 10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8, PMC5477153, 28642676, 28642676, 177
Format: Citation

Title: Exercise training reverses age-induced diastolic dysfunction and restores coronary microvascular function.
Creator: Hotta, Kazuki, Chen, Bei, Behnke, Bradley J, Ghosh, Payal, Stabley, John N, Bramy, Jeremy A, Sepulveda, Jaime L, Delp, Michael D, Muller-Delp, Judy M
Abstract/Description: In a rat model of ageing that is free of atherosclerosis or hypertension, E/A, a diagnostic measure of diastolic filling, decreases, and isovolumic relaxation time increases, indicating that both active and passive ventricular relaxation are impaired with advancing age. Resting coronary blood flow and coronary functional hyperaemia are reduced with age, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation declines with age in coronary resistance arterioles. Exercise training reverses age-induced declines...
Show moreIn a rat model of ageing that is free of atherosclerosis or hypertension, E/A, a diagnostic measure of diastolic filling, decreases, and isovolumic relaxation time increases, indicating that both active and passive ventricular relaxation are impaired with advancing age. Resting coronary blood flow and coronary functional hyperaemia are reduced with age, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation declines with age in coronary resistance arterioles. Exercise training reverses age-induced declines in diastolic and coronary microvascular function. Thus, microvascular dysfunction and inadequate coronary perfusion are likely mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction in aged rats. Exercise training, initiated at an advanced age, reverses age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction; these data suggest that late-life exercise training can be implemented to improve coronary perfusion and diastolic function in the elderly. The risk for diastolic dysfunction increases with advancing age. Regular exercise training ameliorates age-related diastolic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. We investigated whether (1) microvascular dysfunction contributes to the development of age-related diastolic dysfunction, and (2) initiation of late-life exercise training reverses age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction. Young and old rats underwent 10 weeks of exercise training or remained as sedentary, cage-controls. Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), early diastolic filling (E/A), myocardial performance index (MPI) and aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity; PWV) were evaluated before and after exercise training or cage confinement. Coronary blood flow and vasodilatory responses of coronary arterioles were evaluated in all groups at the end of training. In aged sedentary rats, compared to young sedentary rats, a 42% increase in IVRT, a 64% decrease in E/A, and increased aortic stiffness (PWV: 6.36 ± 0.47 vs.4.89 ± 0.41, OSED vs. YSED, P < 0.05) was accompanied by impaired coronary blood flow at rest and during exercise. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was impaired in coronary arterioles from aged rats (maximal relaxation to bradykinin: 56.4 ± 5.1% vs. 75.3 ± 5.2%, OSED vs. YSED, P < 0.05). After exercise training, IVRT, a measure of active ventricular relaxation, did not differ between old and young rats. In old rats, exercise training reversed the reduction in E/A, reduced aortic stiffness, and eliminated impairment of coronary blood flow responses and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Thus, age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction are reversed by late-life exercise training. The restorative effect of exercise training on coronary microvascular function may result from improved endothelial function.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28295341, 10.1113/JP274172, PMC5471361, 28295341, 28295341
Format: Citation

Title: Resistance Training for Glycemic Control, Muscular Strength, and Lean Body Mass in Old Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis..
Creator: Lee, JungHoon, Kim, DoHoun, Kim, ChangKeun
Abstract/Description: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in elderly patients is associated with accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. However, there are few meta-analysis reviews which investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on glycemic control and skeletal muscle in the patients. Three electronic databases were searched (from the earliest date available to November 2016). Studies were included according to the inclusion criteria: T2D patients at least 60 years old, fasting plasma glucose of at...
Show moreType 2 diabetes (T2D) in elderly patients is associated with accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. However, there are few meta-analysis reviews which investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on glycemic control and skeletal muscle in the patients. Three electronic databases were searched (from the earliest date available to November 2016). Studies were included according to the inclusion criteria: T2D patients at least 60 years old, fasting plasma glucose of at least 7.0, and at least 8 weeks of RT. Fifteen cohorts of eight studies (360 patients, average age 66 years) met the inclusion criteria. RT groups lowered glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean ES = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.20, P < 0.01) but did not result in a significant effect on lean body mass (LBM) (mean ES = 0.08, 95% CI = -0.15 to 0.30, P = 0.50). Homogeneity was shown between studies regarding HbA1c and LBM (Q = 15.70, df = 9, P = 0.07 and Q = 0.12, df = 4, P = 0.998, respectively). High-intensity subgroups showed a slight tendency to improve (rather than duration, frequency, and weekly volume) and to decrease HbA1c levels more than low-intensity subgroups (P = 0.37). RT increased muscular strength (mean ES = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.26-1.84, P = 0.01). No training components explained the heterogeneity between studies with changes in muscle strength. RT improves glycemic control and muscle strength in elderly patients with T2D. RT with high intensity can be a strategy to treat patients with T2D and sarcopenia associated with aging.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28382531, 10.1007/s13300-017-0258-3, PMC5446383, 28382531, 28382531, 10.1007/s13300-017-0258-3
Format: Citation

Title: Bone-Protective Effects of Dried Plum in Postmenopausal Women: Efficacy and Possible Mechanisms..
Creator: Arjmandi, Bahram H, Johnson, Sarah A, Pourafshar, Shirin, Navaei, Negin, George, Kelli S, Hooshmand, Shirin, Chai, Sheau C, Akhavan, Neda S
Abstract/Description: Osteoporosis is an age-related chronic disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and quality, and is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. Postmenopausal women are at the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis due to the cessation in ovarian hormone production, which causes accelerated bone loss. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of postmenopausal women will be afflicted with osteoporosis. Certain lifestyle factors, including...
Show moreOsteoporosis is an age-related chronic disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and quality, and is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. Postmenopausal women are at the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis due to the cessation in ovarian hormone production, which causes accelerated bone loss. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of postmenopausal women will be afflicted with osteoporosis. Certain lifestyle factors, including nutrition and exercise, are known to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis and therefore play an important role in bone health. In terms of nutrition, accumulating evidence suggests that dried plum (Prunus domestica L.) is potentially an efficacious intervention for preventing and reversing bone mass and structural loss in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis, as well as in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Here, we provide evidence supporting the efficacy of dried plum in preventing and reversing bone loss associated with ovarian hormone deficiency in rodent models and in humans. We end with the results of a recent follow-up study demonstrating that postmenopausal women who previously consumed 100 g dried plum per day during our one-year clinical trial conducted five years earlier retained bone mineral density to a greater extent than those receiving a comparative control. Additionally, we highlight the possible mechanisms of action by which bioactive compounds in dried plum exert bone-protective effects. Overall, the findings of our studies and others strongly suggest that dried plum in its whole form is a promising and efficacious functional food therapy for preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women, with the potential for long-lasting bone-protective effects.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-14
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28505102, 10.3390/nu9050496, PMC5452226, 28505102, 28505102, nu9050496
Format: Citation

Title: Osteosarcopenic obesity in women: impact, prevalence, and management challenges..
Creator: JafariNasabian, Pegah, Inglis, Julia E, Kelly, Owen J, Ilich, Jasminka Z
Abstract/Description: Osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome (OSO) has recently been identified as a condition encompassing osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. OSO is especially deleterious in older adults (even if they are not obese by conventional measures), due to age-related redistribution of fat and its infiltration into bone and muscle. Osteoporosis and bone fractures in elderly increase the risk of sarcopenia, which, through decreased mobility, increases the risk of more falls and fractures, creating...
Show moreOsteosarcopenic obesity syndrome (OSO) has recently been identified as a condition encompassing osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. OSO is especially deleterious in older adults (even if they are not obese by conventional measures), due to age-related redistribution of fat and its infiltration into bone and muscle. Osteoporosis and bone fractures in elderly increase the risk of sarcopenia, which, through decreased mobility, increases the risk of more falls and fractures, creating a vicious cycle. Obesity plays a dual role: to a certain extent, it promotes bone and muscle gains through mechanical loading; in contrast, increased adiposity is also a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other endocrine factors that impair bone and muscle. As the elderly population increases, changes in lifestyle to delay the onset of OSO, or prevent OSO, are warranted. Among these changes, dietary patterns and physical activity modifications are the first ones to be implemented. The typical Western diet (and lifestyle) promotes several chronic diseases including OSO, by facilitating a pro-inflammatory state, largely via the imbalance in omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and low-fiber and high-processed food consumption. Nutritional modifications to prevent and/or alleviate the OSO syndrome include adequate intake of protein, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D and increasing consumptions of foods containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber. Certain types of physical activity, often decreased in overweight/obese women and in elderly, might preserve bone and muscle, as well as help in reducing body fat accrual and fat infiltration. Habitual daily activities and some alternative modes of exercise may be more appropriate for older adults and play a crucial role in preventing bone and muscle loss and maintaining optimal weight. In conclusion, older adults who suffer from OSO syndrome may benefit from combined efforts to improve diet and physical activity, and such recommendations should be fostered as part of public health programs.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-13
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28144165, 10.2147/IJWH.S106107, PMC5245917, 28144165, 28144165, ijwh-9-033
Format: Citation

Title: The Cooccurrence of Obesity, Osteoporosis, and Sarcopenia in the Ovariectomized Rat: A Study for Modeling Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Rodents..
Creator: Ezzat-Zadeh, Zahra, Kim, Jeong-Su, Chase, P Bryant, Arjmandi, Bahram H
Abstract/Description: Obesity, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia may individually occur due to age-related gradual alterations in body composition. This study investigates the cooccurrence of these age-related diseases in female animals with low levels of ovarian hormone in the absence of complex multifactorial process of chronological aging. Thirty-six 5- and 10-month-old female rats were chosen to model pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. Rats were divided into three treatment groups in each age category...
Show moreObesity, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia may individually occur due to age-related gradual alterations in body composition. This study investigates the cooccurrence of these age-related diseases in female animals with low levels of ovarian hormone in the absence of complex multifactorial process of chronological aging. Thirty-six 5- and 10-month-old female rats were chosen to model pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. Rats were divided into three treatment groups in each age category-sham, ovariectomized (ovx), and ovx + E2 (17β-estradiol, 10 μg/kg)-and were pair-fed. Volunteer wheel running activity, body composition, bone microstructure, serum C-telopeptides of type I collagen, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, E2, and gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were analyzed. The cooccurrence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity was observed in the older ovx rats associated with a significant (p < 0.05) increased fat mass (30%), bone loss (9.6%), decreased normalized muscle mass-to-body-weight ratio (10.5%), and a significant decrease in physical activity (57%). The ratio of tibial bone mineral density to combined muscle mass was significantly decreased in both ovx age categories. Ovariectomized rat could be used as an experimental model to examine the effect of loss of ovarian hormones, while controlling for energy intake and expenditure, to conduct obesity and body composition translational research in females without the confounding effect of genetic background.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28656107, 10.1155/2017/1454103, PMC5471594, 28656107, 28656107
Format: Citation

Title: The effects of a multi-ingredient supplement on markers of muscle damage and inflammation following downhill running in females.
Creator: Köhne, Jessica L, Ormsbee, Michael J, McKune, Andrew J
Abstract/Description: The effects of a multi-ingredient performance supplement (MIPS) on markers of inflammation and muscle damage, perceived soreness and lower limb performance are unknown in endurance-trained female athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of MIPS (NO-Shotgun®) pre-loaded 4 weeks prior to a single-bout of downhill running (DHR) on hsC-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-6, creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness, lower limb circumferences and performance. Trained...
Show moreThe effects of a multi-ingredient performance supplement (MIPS) on markers of inflammation and muscle damage, perceived soreness and lower limb performance are unknown in endurance-trained female athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of MIPS (NO-Shotgun®) pre-loaded 4 weeks prior to a single-bout of downhill running (DHR) on hsC-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-6, creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness, lower limb circumferences and performance. Trained female runners ( = 8; 29 ± 5.9 years) (VO: ≥ 50 ml.kg.min, midfollicular phase (7-11 days post-menses) were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner into two groups: MIPS ( = 4) ingested one serving of NO Shotgun daily for 28 days prior to DHR and 30 min prior to all post-testing visits; Control (CON) ( = 4) consumed an isocaloric maltodextrin placebo in an identical manner to MIPS. hsCRP, IL-6, CK, perceived soreness, limb circumferences, and performance measures (flexibility, squat jump peak power) were tested on 5 occasions; immediately before (PRE), immediately post-DHR, 24, 48 and 72 h post-DHR. There were main effects of time for CK ( = 0.05), pain pressure threshold (right tibialis anterior ( = 0.010), right biceps femoris ( = 0.01), and left iliotibial band (ITB) ( = 0.05) across all time points), and maximum squat jump power ( = 0.04). Compared with 24 h post-DHR, maximum squat jump power was significantly lower at 48 h post-DHR ( = 0.05). Lower body perceived soreness was significantly increased at 24 h ( = 0.02) and baseline to 48 h ( = 0.02) post DHR. IL-6 peaked immediately post-DHR ( = 0.03) and hsCRP peaked at 24 h post-DHR ( = 0.06). Calculation of effect sizes indicated a moderate attenuation of hsCRP in MIPS at 72 h post-DHR. Consumption of MIPS for 4 weeks prior to a single bout of DHR attenuated inflammation three days post, but did not affect perceived soreness and muscle damage markers in endurance trained female runners following a single bout of DHR.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-25
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27924138, 10.1186/s12970-016-0156-5, PMC5123227, 27924138, 27924138, 156
Format: Citation

Title: Supplementation Strategies to Reduce Muscle Damage and Improve Recovery Following Exercise in Females: A Systematic Review..
Creator: Köhne, Jessica L, Ormsbee, Michael J, McKune, Andrew J
Abstract/Description: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) caused by unaccustomed or strenuous exercise can result in reduced muscle force, increased muscle soreness, increased intramuscular proteins in the blood, and reduced performance. Pre- and post-exercise optimal nutritional intake is important to assist with muscle-damage repair and reconditioning to allow for an accelerated recovery. The increased demand for training and competing on consecutive days has led to a variety of intervention strategies being...
Show moreExercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) caused by unaccustomed or strenuous exercise can result in reduced muscle force, increased muscle soreness, increased intramuscular proteins in the blood, and reduced performance. Pre- and post-exercise optimal nutritional intake is important to assist with muscle-damage repair and reconditioning to allow for an accelerated recovery. The increased demand for training and competing on consecutive days has led to a variety of intervention strategies being used to reduce the negative effects of EIMD. Nutritional intervention strategies are largely tested on male participants, and few report on sex-related differences relating to the effects of the interventions employed. This review focuses on nutritional intervention strategies employed to negate the effects of EIMD, focussing solely on females.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-11
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29910299, 10.3390/sports4040051, PMC5968901, 29910299, 29910299, sports4040051
Format: Citation

Title: The Effect Of Six Days Of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Performance In Trained Crossfit Athletes.
Creator: Kramer, Samuel J., Baur, Daniel A., Spicer, Maria T., Vukovich, Matthew D., Ormsbee, Michael J.
Abstract/Description: Background: While it is well established that dietary nitrate reduces the metabolic cost of exercise, recent evidence suggests this effect is maintained 24 h following the final nitrate dose when plasma nitrite levels have returned to baseline. In addition, acute dietary nitrate was recently reported to enhance peak power production. Our purpose was to examine whether chronic dietary nitrate supplementation enhanced peak power 24 h following the final dose and if this impacted performance in...
Show moreBackground: While it is well established that dietary nitrate reduces the metabolic cost of exercise, recent evidence suggests this effect is maintained 24 h following the final nitrate dose when plasma nitrite levels have returned to baseline. In addition, acute dietary nitrate was recently reported to enhance peak power production. Our purpose was to examine whether chronic dietary nitrate supplementation enhanced peak power 24 h following the final dose and if this impacted performance in a heavily power-dependent sport. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, maximal aerobic capacity, body composition, strength, maximal power (30 s Wingate), endurance (2 km rowing time trial), and CrossFit performance (Grace protocol) were assessed before and after six days of supplementation with nitrate (NO) (8 mmol.potassium nitrate.d(-1)) or a noncaloric placebo (PL). A 10-day washout period divided treatment conditions. Paired t-tests were utilized to assess changes over time and to compare changes between treatments. Results: Peak Wingate power increased significantly over time with NO (889.17 +/- 179.69 W to 948.08 +/- 186.80 W; p = 0.01) but not PL (898.08 +/- 183.24 W to 905.00 +/- 157.23 W; p = 0.75). However, CrossFit performance was unchanged, and there were no changes in any other performance parameters. Conclusion: Consuming dietary nitrate in the potassium nitrate salt form improved peak power during a Wingate test, but did not improve elements of strength or endurance in male CrossFit athletes.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-03
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000387076700001, 10.1186/s12970-016-0150-y
Format: Citation

Title: Effects of a 12-Month Pedometer-Based Walking Intervention in Women of Low Socioeconomic Status.
Creator: Hornbuckle, Lyndsey M, Kingsley, J Derek, Kushnick, Michael R, Moffatt, Robert J, Haymes, Emily M, Miles, Rebecca, Toole, Tonya, Panton, Lynn B
Abstract/Description: This study examined the effects of a 12-month walking intervention in overweight/obese, low socioeconomic women. Forty-six women (48.2 ± 8.0 years) entered the study. Outcomes included weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Both intention-to-treat analyses in all participants and group analyses in study completers only (3K group = increased steps/day by ≥3...
Show moreThis study examined the effects of a 12-month walking intervention in overweight/obese, low socioeconomic women. Forty-six women (48.2 ± 8.0 years) entered the study. Outcomes included weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Both intention-to-treat analyses in all participants and group analyses in study completers only (3K group = increased steps/day by ≥3,000; No Δ group = did not increase steps/day by ≥3,000) were conducted. Group × time ANOVA was used. In study completers, 3K significantly increased steps/day (6,903 ± 3,328 to 12,323 ± 5,736) compared to No Δ (4,926 ± 3,374 to 5,174 ± 3,095) from baseline to 12 months. There was a significant time effect for weight (P = 0.030), BMI (P = 0.029), and hsCRP (P = 0.044). Low socioeconomic women who adhere to a long-term, pedometer-based walking intervention significantly increased steps/day and may improve body weight, BMI, and hsCRP. This could help reduce health disparities in this population over time.
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Date Issued: 2016-10-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27746679, 10.4137/CMWH.S39636, PMC5054940, 27746679, 27746679, cmwh-suppl.1-2016-075
Format: Citation

Title: Whole-body vibration as a potential countermeasure for dynapenia and arterial stiffness.
Creator: Figueroa, Arturo, Jaime, Salvador J, Alvarez-Alvarado, Stacey
Abstract/Description: Age-related decreases in muscle mass and strength are associated with decreased mobility, quality of life, and increased cardiovascular risk. Coupled with the prevalence of obesity, the risk of death becomes substantially greater. Resistance training (RT) has a well-documented beneficial impact on muscle mass and strength in young and older adults, although the high-intensity needed to elicit these adaptations may have a detrimental or negligible impact on vascular function, specifically on...
Show moreAge-related decreases in muscle mass and strength are associated with decreased mobility, quality of life, and increased cardiovascular risk. Coupled with the prevalence of obesity, the risk of death becomes substantially greater. Resistance training (RT) has a well-documented beneficial impact on muscle mass and strength in young and older adults, although the high-intensity needed to elicit these adaptations may have a detrimental or negligible impact on vascular function, specifically on arterial stiffness. Increased arterial stiffness is associated with systolic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial ischemia. Therefore, improvements of muscle strength and arterial function are important in older adults. Recently, whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise, a novel modality of strength training, has shown to exhibit similar results on muscle strength as RT in a wide-variety of populations, with the greatest impact in elderly individuals with limited muscle function. Additionally, WBV training has been shown to have beneficial effects on vascular function by reducing arterial stiffness. This article reviews relevant publications reporting the effects of WBV on muscle strength and/or arterial stiffness. Findings from current studies suggest the use of WBV training as an alternative modality to traditional RT to countermeasure the age-related detriments in muscle strength and arterial stiffness in older adults.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28462119, 10.1016/j.imr.2016.06.004, PMC5390453, 28462119, 28462119, S2213-4220(16)30069-5
Format: Citation

Title: Removal From Play After Concussion and Recovery Time.
Creator: Elbin, R J, Sufrinko, Alicia, Schatz, Philip, French, Jon, Henry, Luke, Burkhart, Scott, Collins, Michael W, Kontos, Anthony P
Abstract/Description: Despite increases in education and awareness, many athletes continue to play with signs and symptoms of a sport-related concussion (SRC). The impact that continuing to play has on recovery is unknown. This study compared recovery time and related outcomes between athletes who were immediately removed from play and athletes who continued to play with an SRC. A prospective, repeated measures design was used to compare neurocognitive performance, symptoms, and recovery time between 35 athletes ...
Show moreDespite increases in education and awareness, many athletes continue to play with signs and symptoms of a sport-related concussion (SRC). The impact that continuing to play has on recovery is unknown. This study compared recovery time and related outcomes between athletes who were immediately removed from play and athletes who continued to play with an SRC. A prospective, repeated measures design was used to compare neurocognitive performance, symptoms, and recovery time between 35 athletes (mean ± SD age, 15.61 ± 1.65 years) immediately removed after an SRC (REMOVED group) compared with 34 athletes (mean ± SD age, 15.35 ± 1.73 years) who continued to play (PLAYED group) with SRC. Neurocognitive and symptom data were obtained at baseline and at 1 to 7 days and 8 to 30 days after an SRC. The PLAYED group took longer to recover than the REMOVED group (44.4 ± 36.0 vs 22.0 ± 18.7 days; P = .003) and were 8.80 times more likely to demonstrate protracted recovery (≥21 days) (P < .001). Removal from play status was associated with the greatest risk of protracted recovery (adjusted odds ratio, 14.27; P = .001) compared with other predictors (eg, sex). The PLAYED group exhibited significantly worse neurocognitive and greater symptoms than the REMOVED group. SRC recovery time may be reduced if athletes are removed from participation. Immediate removal from play is the first step in mitigating prolonged SRC recovery, and these data support current consensus statements and management guidelines.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27573089, 10.1542/peds.2016-0910, PMC5005026, 27573089, 27573089, peds.2016-0910
Format: Citation

Title: Protein-Pacing Caloric-Restriction Enhances Body Composition Similarly in Obese Men and Women during Weight Loss and Sustains Efficacy during Long-Term Weight Maintenance.
Creator: Arciero, Paul J., Edmonds, Rohan, He, Feng, Ward, Emery, Gumpricht, Eric, Mohr, Alex, Ormsbee, Michael J., Astrup, Arne
Abstract/Description: Short-Term protein-pacing (P; similar to 6 meals/day, >30% protein/day) and caloric restriction (CR, similar to 25% energy deficit) improves total (TBF), abdominal (ABF) and visceral (VAT) fat loss, energy expenditure, and biomarkers compared to heart healthy (HH) recommendations (3 meals/day, 15% protein/day) in obese adults. Less is known whether obese men and women respond similarly to P-CR during weight loss (WL) and whether a modified P-CR (mP-CR) is more efficacious than a HH diet...
Show moreShort-Term protein-pacing (P; similar to 6 meals/day, >30% protein/day) and caloric restriction (CR, similar to 25% energy deficit) improves total (TBF), abdominal (ABF) and visceral (VAT) fat loss, energy expenditure, and biomarkers compared to heart healthy (HH) recommendations (3 meals/day, 15% protein/day) in obese adults. Less is known whether obese men and women respond similarly to P-CR during weight loss (WL) and whether a modified P-CR (mP-CR) is more efficacious than a HH diet during long-term (52 week) weight maintenance (WM). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of: (1) P-CR on TBF, ABF, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and biomarkers between obese men and women during WL (weeks 0-12); and (2) mP-CR compared to a HH diet during WM (weeks 13-64). During WL, men (n = 21) and women (n = 19) were assessed for TBF, ABF, VAT, RMR, and biomarkers at weeks 0 (pre) and 12 (post). Men and women had similar reductions (p < 0.01) in weight (10%), TBF (19%), ABF (25%), VAT (33%), glucose (7%-12%), insulin (40%), leptin (>50%) and increase in % lean body mass (9%). RMR (kcals/kg bodyweight) was unchanged and respiratory quotient decreased 9%. Twenty-four subjects (mP-CR, n = 10; HH, n = 14) completed WM. mP-CR regained significantly less body weight (6%), TBF (12%), and ABF (17%) compared to HH (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate P-CR enhances weight loss, body composition and biomarkers, and maintains these changes for 52-weeks compared to a traditional HH diet.
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Date Issued: 2016-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000380766500029, 10.3390/nu8080476
Format: Citation

Title: The Effect of Casein Protein Prior to Sleep on Fat Metabolism in Obese Men.
Creator: Kinsey, Amber W., Cappadona, Stacy R., Panton, Lynn B., Allman, Brittany R., Contreras, Robert J., Hickner, Robert C., Ormsbee, Michael J.
Abstract/Description: We have previously shown that ingesting protein at night before sleep is either beneficial or non-detrimental to metabolism, health, and body composition in obese women. However, the overnight protein-induced lipolytic actions and mechanism for improved metabolism and body composition have not been fully established. Therefore, in a crossover design, twelve obese men (age, 27.0 +/- 2.2 years) were randomly assigned to ingest (within 30 min of sleep) casein protein (CAS, 120 kcal) or a non...
Show moreWe have previously shown that ingesting protein at night before sleep is either beneficial or non-detrimental to metabolism, health, and body composition in obese women. However, the overnight protein-induced lipolytic actions and mechanism for improved metabolism and body composition have not been fully established. Therefore, in a crossover design, twelve obese men (age, 27.0 +/- 2.2 years) were randomly assigned to ingest (within 30 min of sleep) casein protein (CAS, 120 kcal) or a non-nutritive placebo (PLA) before going to sleep. Markers of fat metabolism (lipolysis, substrate utilization, growth hormone), insulin, glucose, resting energy expenditure (REE), and appetite (questionnaire and ghrelin) were measured. During sleep and the next morning, interstitial glycerol from the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) was measured using microdialysis. There were no differences in SCAAT glycerol (overnight: CAS, 177.4 +/- 26.7; PLA, 183.8 +/- 20.2 mu mol/L; morning: CAS, 171.6 +/- 19.1; PLA, 161.5 +/- 18.6 mu mol/L), substrate utilization, REE, or any blood markers between CAS and PLA. Desire to eat was greater for CAS compared to baseline (p = 0.03), but not different from PLA (baseline: 39 +/- 6, CAS: 62 +/- 8, PLA: 55 +/- 5 mm). CAS consumption before sleep did not affect fat or glucose metabolism, REE, or suppress appetite in hyperinsulemic obese men. CAS may be consumed before sleep without impeding overnight or morning fat metabolism in young, obese men.
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Date Issued: 2016-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000380766500008, 10.3390/nu8080452
Format: Citation

Title: L-Citrulline supplementation attenuates blood pressure, wave reflection and arterial stiffness responses to metaboreflex and cold stress in overweight men.
Creator: Figueroa, Arturo, Alvarez-Alvarado, Stacey, Jaime, Salvador J., Kalfon, Roy
Abstract/Description: Combined isometric exercise or metaboreflex activation (post-exercise muscle ischaemia (PEMI)) and cold pressor test (CPT) increase cardiac afterload, which may lead to adverse cardiovascular events. l-Citrulline supplementation (l-CIT) reduces systemic arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)) at rest and aortic haemodynamic responses to CPT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of l-CIT on aortic haemodynamic and baPWV responses to PEMI+CPT. In all,...
Show moreCombined isometric exercise or metaboreflex activation (post-exercise muscle ischaemia (PEMI)) and cold pressor test (CPT) increase cardiac afterload, which may lead to adverse cardiovascular events. l-Citrulline supplementation (l-CIT) reduces systemic arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)) at rest and aortic haemodynamic responses to CPT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of l-CIT on aortic haemodynamic and baPWV responses to PEMI+CPT. In all, sixteen healthy, overweight/obese males (age 24 (sem 6) years; BMI 293 (sem 40) kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to placebo or l-CIT (6 g/d) for 14 d in a cross-over design. Brachial and aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), aortic augmented pressure (AP), augmentation index (AIx), baPWV, reflection timing (Tr) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise (IHG), PEMI and PEMI+CPT at baseline and after 14 d. No significant effects were evident after l-CIT at rest. l-CIT attenuated the increases in aortic SBP and wave reflection (AP and AIx) during IHG, aortic DBP, MAP and AIx during PEMI, and aortic SBP, DBP, MAP, AP, AIx and baPWV during PEMI+CPT compared with placebo. HR and Tr were unaffected by l-CIT in all conditions. Our findings demonstrate that l-CIT attenuates aortic blood pressure and wave reflection responses to exercise-related metabolites. Moreover, l-CIT attenuates the exaggerated arterial stiffness response to combined metaboreflex activation and cold exposure, suggesting a protective effect against increased cardiac afterload during physical stress.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-28
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000379136100008, 10.1017/S0007114516001811
Format: Citation

Title: Apollo Lunar Astronauts Show Higher Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Possible Deep Space Radiation Effects On The Vascular Endothelium.
Creator: Delp, Michael D., Charvat, Jacqueline M., Limoli, Charles L., Globus, Ruth K., Ghosh, Payal
Abstract/Description: As multiple spacefaring nations contemplate extended manned missions to Mars and the Moon, health risks could be elevated as travel goes beyond the Earth's protective magnetosphere into the more intense deep space radiation environment. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, accidents and all other causes of death differ in (1) astronauts who never flew orbital missions in space, (2) astronauts who flew only in...
Show moreAs multiple spacefaring nations contemplate extended manned missions to Mars and the Moon, health risks could be elevated as travel goes beyond the Earth's protective magnetosphere into the more intense deep space radiation environment. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, accidents and all other causes of death differ in (1) astronauts who never flew orbital missions in space, (2) astronauts who flew only in low Earth orbit (LEO), and (3) Apollo lunar astronauts, the only humans to have traveled beyond Earth's magnetosphere. Results show there were no differences in CVD mortality rate between non-flight (9%) and LEO (11%) astronauts. However, the CVD mortality rate among Apollo lunar astronauts (43%) was 4-5 times higher than in non-flight and LEO astronauts. To test a possible mechanistic basis for these findings, a secondary purpose was to determine the long-term effects of simulated weightlessness and space-relevant total-body irradiation on vascular responsiveness in mice. The results demonstrate that space-relevant irradiation induces a sustained vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. Such impairment is known to lead to occlusive artery disease, and may be an important risk factor for CVD among astronauts exposed to deep space radiation.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-28
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000380650100001, 10.1038/srep29901
Format: Citation

Title: Rapid Detection Of Bovine Adipose Tissue Using Lateral Flow Strip Assay.
Creator: Hsieh, Yun-Hwa P., Gajewski, Kamil
Abstract/Description: Currently no rapid immunoassays are developed to identify the species content of fat tissue in mixtures. We report a simple protocol enabling the effective detection of bovine fat in highly processed materials using a lateral flow (LF) immunoassay which targets a ruminant-specific muscle protein. A portion (50 gm) of muscle-free fat samples was rendered to separate the molten fat from the proteinaceous residue, then soluble proteins were extracted from the solid residue with 0.5 mol/L NaCl...
Show moreCurrently no rapid immunoassays are developed to identify the species content of fat tissue in mixtures. We report a simple protocol enabling the effective detection of bovine fat in highly processed materials using a lateral flow (LF) immunoassay which targets a ruminant-specific muscle protein. A portion (50 gm) of muscle-free fat samples was rendered to separate the molten fat from the proteinaceous residue, then soluble proteins were extracted from the solid residue with 0.5 mol/L NaCl for the LF analysis. The assay could detect 2% bovine fat-in-pork fat, 1% bovine fat-in-porcine meat-and-bone meal, and 0.5% bovine fat-in-soy meal mixtures. Rendered bovine fat could be detected up to 213 degrees C. These results demonstrate that low levels of bovine fat tissue can be detected in processed materials using an immunoassay based on the presence of the muscle protein which serves as a species marker in the fat tissue.
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Date Issued: 2016-07
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382728500009, 10.1002/fsn3.322
Format: Citation

Title: The Use Of Imported Pangasius Fish In Local Restaurants.
Creator: Wang, Danni, Hsieh, Yun-Hwa Peggy
Abstract/Description: Pangasius fish, primarily Pangasius hypophthalmus (tra/swai) and Pangasius bocourti (basa) belonging to the Pangasiidae family of catfish, are an imported farm-raised freshwater fish. The labels "tra/swai" and "basa" seldom appear on restaurant menus, so it is unclear how and to what extent pangasius is used in restaurants. In this study, we investigated 47 different fish products served at 37 restaurants in a city in the southeastern United States. A commercial rapid lateral flow (LF) assay ...
Show morePangasius fish, primarily Pangasius hypophthalmus (tra/swai) and Pangasius bocourti (basa) belonging to the Pangasiidae family of catfish, are an imported farm-raised freshwater fish. The labels "tra/swai" and "basa" seldom appear on restaurant menus, so it is unclear how and to what extent pangasius is used in restaurants. In this study, we investigated 47 different fish products served at 37 restaurants in a city in the southeastern United States. A commercial rapid lateral flow (LF) assay (EZ Pangasius (TM) kit) was used to identify pangasius fish and the results were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a pangasius-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) T7E10. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was then employed to examine the protein patterns in the ready-to-eat fish samples. The results showed that 26.7% of the domestic catfish (Ictaluridae family) and 22.2% of the grouper dishes served were actually pangasius. A high percentage (66.7%) of dishes displayed under the general name of "fish" on the menu were also identified as pangasius, revealing the widespread but economically favorable and/or fraudulent use of this fish in the restaurant industry. The IEF results revealed that the pangasius positive samples were exclusively tra/swai. There was no significant difference in the prices charged to restaurant customers between pangasius negative and positive samples, indicating that price is not a good indicator of fish authenticity. These findings highlight the need for stringent enforcement of the existing regulations to discourage the fraudulent use of pangasius fish, either tra/swai or basa. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Date Issued: 2016-07
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000384626500018, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.016
Format: Citation

Title: Slow-absorbing Modified Starch Before And During Prolonged Cycling Increases Fat Oxidation And Gastrointestinal Distress Without Changing Performance.
Creator: Baur, Daniel A., Vargas, Fernanda de C. S., Bach, Christopher W., Garvey, Jordan A., Ormsbee, Michael J.
Abstract/Description: While prior research reported altered fuel utilization stemming from pre-exercise modified starch ingestion, the practical value of this starch for endurance athletes who consume carbohydrates both before and during exercise is yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ingesting a hydrothermally-modified starch supplement (HMS) before and during cycling on performance, metabolism, and gastrointestinal comfort. In a crossover design, 10 male cyclists...
Show moreWhile prior research reported altered fuel utilization stemming from pre-exercise modified starch ingestion, the practical value of this starch for endurance athletes who consume carbohydrates both before and during exercise is yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ingesting a hydrothermally-modified starch supplement (HMS) before and during cycling on performance, metabolism, and gastrointestinal comfort. In a crossover design, 10 male cyclists underwent three nutritional interventions: (1) a commercially available sucrose/glucose supplement (G) 30 min before (60 g carbohydrate) and every 15 min during exercise (60 g.h(-1)); (2) HMS consumed at the same time points before and during exercise in isocaloric amounts to G (Iso HMS); and (3) HMS 30 min before (60 g carbohydrate) and every 60 min during exercise (30 g.h(-1); Low HMS). The exercise protocol (similar to 3 h) consisted of 1 h at 50% W-max, 8 x 2-min intervals at 80% W-max, and 10 maximal sprints. There were no differences in sprint performance with Iso HMS vs. G, while both G and Iso HMS likely resulted in small performance enhancements (5.0%; 90% confidence interval = +/-5.3% and 4.4%; +/-3.2%, respectively) relative to Low HMS. Iso HMS and Low HMS enhanced fat oxidation (31.6%; +/-20.1%; very likely (Iso); 20.9%; +/-16.1%; likely (Low), and reduced carbohydrate oxidation (-19.2%; +/-7.6%; most likely; -22.1%; +/-12.9%; very likely) during exercise relative to G. However, nausea was increased during repeated sprints with ingestion of Iso HMS (17 scale units; +/-18; likely) and Low HMS (18; +/-14; likely) vs. G. Covariate analysis revealed that gastrointestinal distress was associated with reductions in performance with Low HMS vs. G (likely), but this relationship was unclear with Iso HMS vs. G. In conclusion, pre- and during-exercise ingestion of HMS increases fat oxidation relative to G. However, changes do not translate to performance improvements, possibly owing to HMS-associated increases in gastrointestinal distress, which is not attenuated by reducing the intake rate of HMS during exercise.
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Date Issued: 2016-07
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000380766200009, 10.3390/nu8070392
Format: Citation

Title: Protein-Pacing and Multi-Component Exercise Training Improves Physical Performance Outcomes in Exercise-Trained Women: The PRISE 3 Study.
Creator: Arciero, Paul J., Ives, Stephen J., Norton, Chelsea, Escudero, Daniela, Minicucci, Olivia, O'Brien, Gabe, Paul, Maia, Ormsbee, Michael J., Miller, Vincent, Sheridan, Caitlin, He...
Show moreArciero, Paul J., Ives, Stephen J., Norton, Chelsea, Escudero, Daniela, Minicucci, Olivia, O'Brien, Gabe, Paul, Maia, Ormsbee, Michael J., Miller, Vincent, Sheridan, Caitlin, He, Feng
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Abstract/Description: The beneficial cardiometabolic and body composition effects of combined protein-pacing (P; 5-6 meals/day at 2.0 g/kg BW/day) and multi-mode exercise (resistance, interval, stretching, endurance; RISE) training (PRISE) in obese adults has previously been established. The current study examines PRISE on physical performance (endurance, strength and power) outcomes in healthy, physically active women. Thirty exercise-trained women (>4 days exercise/week) were randomized to either PRISE (n = 15)...
Show moreThe beneficial cardiometabolic and body composition effects of combined protein-pacing (P; 5-6 meals/day at 2.0 g/kg BW/day) and multi-mode exercise (resistance, interval, stretching, endurance; RISE) training (PRISE) in obese adults has previously been established. The current study examines PRISE on physical performance (endurance, strength and power) outcomes in healthy, physically active women. Thirty exercise-trained women (>4 days exercise/week) were randomized to either PRISE (n = 15) or a control (CON, 5-6 meals/day at 1.0 g/kg BW/day; n = 15) for 12 weeks. Muscular strength (1-RM bench press, 1-RM BP) endurance (sit-ups, SUs; push-ups, PUs), power (bench throws, BTs), blood pressure (BP), augmentation index, (AIx), and abdominal fat mass were assessed at Weeks 0 (pre) and 13 (post). At baseline, no differences existed between groups. Following the 12-week intervention, PRISE had greater gains (p < 0.05) in SUs, PUs (6 +/- 7 vs. 10 +/- 7, 40%; 8 +/- 13 vs. 14 +/- 12, 43% Areps, respectively), BTs (11 +/- 35 vs. 44 +/- 34, 75% Awatts), AIx (1 +/- 9 vs. -5 +/- 11, 120%), and DBP (-5 +/- 9 vs. -11 +/- 11, 55% Delta mmHg). These findings suggest that combined protein-pacing (P; 5-6 meals/day at 2.0 g/kg BW/day) diet and multi-component exercise (RISE) training (PRISE) enhances muscular endurance, strength, power, and cardiovascular health in exercise-trained, active women.
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Date Issued: 2016-06
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000378783200017, 10.3390/nu8060332
Format: Citation

Title: Protein-Pacing from Food or Supplementation Improves Physical Performance in Overweight Men and Women: The PRISE 2 Study.
Creator: Arciero, Paul J., Edmonds, Rohan C., Bunsawat, Kanokwan, Gentile, Christopher L., Ketcham, Caitlin, Darin, Christopher, Renna, Mariale, Zheng, Qian, Zhang, Jun Zhu, Ormsbee,...
Show moreArciero, Paul J., Edmonds, Rohan C., Bunsawat, Kanokwan, Gentile, Christopher L., Ketcham, Caitlin, Darin, Christopher, Renna, Mariale, Zheng, Qian, Zhang, Jun Zhu, Ormsbee, Michael J.
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Abstract/Description: We recently reported that protein-pacing (P; six meals/day @ 1.4 g/kg body weight (BW), three of which included whey protein (WP) supplementation) combined with a multi-mode fitness program consisting of resistance, interval sprint, stretching, and endurance exercise training (RISE) improves body composition in overweight individuals. The purpose of this study was to extend these findings and determine whether protein-pacing with only food protein (FP) is comparable to WP supplementation...
Show moreWe recently reported that protein-pacing (P; six meals/day @ 1.4 g/kg body weight (BW), three of which included whey protein (WP) supplementation) combined with a multi-mode fitness program consisting of resistance, interval sprint, stretching, and endurance exercise training (RISE) improves body composition in overweight individuals. The purpose of this study was to extend these findings and determine whether protein-pacing with only food protein (FP) is comparable to WP supplementation during RISE training on physical performance outcomes in overweight/obese individuals. Thirty weight-matched volunteers were prescribed RISE training and a P diet derived from either whey protein supplementation (WP, n = 15) or food protein sources (FP, n = 15) for 16 weeks. Twenty-one participants completed the intervention (WP, n = 9; FP, n = 12). Measures of body composition and physical performance were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05), with no effect of protein source. Likewise, markers of cardiometabolic disease risk (e. g., LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, systolic blood pressure) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) to a similar extent in both groups. These results demonstrate that both whey protein and food protein sources combined with multimodal RISE training are equally effective at improving physical performance and cardiometabolic health in obese individuals.
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Date Issued: 2016-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000378780900049, 10.3390/nu8050288
Format: Citation

Title: Effects of High-LET Radiation Exposure and Hindlimb Unloading on Skeletal Muscle Resistance Artery Vasomotor Properties and Cancellous Bone Microarchitecture in Mice.
Creator: Ghosh, Payal, Behnke, Brad J., Stabley, John N., Kilar, Cody R., Park, Yoonjung, Narayanan, Anand, Alwood, Joshua S., Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman, Schreurs, Ann-Sofie, Globus, Ruth K....
Show moreGhosh, Payal, Behnke, Brad J., Stabley, John N., Kilar, Cody R., Park, Yoonjung, Narayanan, Anand, Alwood, Joshua S., Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman, Schreurs, Ann-Sofie, Globus, Ruth K., Delp, Michael D.
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Abstract/Description: Weightlessness during spaceflight leads to functional changes in resistance arteries and loss of cancellous bone, which may be potentiated by radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hindlimb unloading (HU) and total-body irradiation (TBI) on the vasomotor responses of skeletal muscle arteries. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control, HU (13-16 days), TBI (1 Gy Fe-56, 600 MeV, 10 cGy/min) and HU-TBI groups. Gastrocnemius muscle feed arteries were isolated...
Show moreWeightlessness during spaceflight leads to functional changes in resistance arteries and loss of cancellous bone, which may be potentiated by radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hindlimb unloading (HU) and total-body irradiation (TBI) on the vasomotor responses of skeletal muscle arteries. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control, HU (13-16 days), TBI (1 Gy Fe-56, 600 MeV, 10 cGy/min) and HU-TBI groups. Gastrocnemius muscle feed arteries were isolated for in vitro study. Endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent (Dea-NONOate) vasodilator and vasoconstrictor (KCl, phenylephrine and myogenic) responses were evaluated. Arterial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and xanthine oxidase (XO) protein content and tibial cancellous bone microarchitecture were quantified. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responses were impaired in all groups relative to control, and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was lower in the HU-TBI group relative to that in the HU and TBI groups. Reductions in endothelium-dependent vasodilation correlated with a lower cancellous bone volume fraction. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition abolished all group differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation. HU and HU-TBI resulted in decreases in eNOS protein levels, while TBI and HU-TBI produced lower SOD-1 and higher XO protein content. Vasoconstrictor responses were not altered. Reductions in NO bioavailability (eNOS), lower anti-oxidant capacity (SOD-1) and higher pro-oxidant capacity (XO) may contribute to the deficits in NOS signaling in skeletal muscle resistance arteries. These findings suggest that the combination of insults experienced in spaceflight leads to impairment of vasodilator function in resistance arteries that is mediated through deficits in NOS signaling. (C) 2016 by Radiation Research Society
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Date Issued: 2016-03
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000376754000005, 10.1667/RR4308.1
Format: Citation

Title: Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome: What Is It and How Can It Be Identified and Diagnosed?.
Creator: Ilich, Jasminka Z, Kelly, Owen J, Inglis, Julia E
Abstract/Description: Conditions related to body composition and aging, such as osteopenic obesity, sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity, and the newly termed osteosarcopenic obesity (triad of bone muscle and adipose tissue impairment), are beginning to gain recognition. However there is still a lack of definitive diagnostic criteria for these conditions. Little is known about the long-term impact of these combined conditions of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity in older adults. Many may go undiagnosed and progress...
Show moreConditions related to body composition and aging, such as osteopenic obesity, sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity, and the newly termed osteosarcopenic obesity (triad of bone muscle and adipose tissue impairment), are beginning to gain recognition. However there is still a lack of definitive diagnostic criteria for these conditions. Little is known about the long-term impact of these combined conditions of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity in older adults. Many may go undiagnosed and progress untreated. Therefore, the objective of this research is to create diagnostic criteria for osteosarcopenic obesity in older women. The proposed diagnostic criteria are based on two types of assessments: physical, via body composition measurements, and functional, via physical performance measures. Body composition measurements such as T-scores for bone mineral density, appendicular lean mass for sarcopenia, and percent body fat could all be obtained via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical performance tests: handgrip strength, one-leg stance, walking speed, and sit-to-stand could be assessed with minimal equipment. A score could then be obtained to measure functional decline in the older adult. For diagnosing osteosarcopenic obesity and other conditions related to bone loss and muscle loss combined with obesity, a combination of measures may more adequately improve the assessment process.
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Date Issued: 2016-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27667996, 10.1155/2016/7325973, PMC5030469, 27667996, 27667996
Format: Citation

Title: Diabetic Indicators Are The Strongest Predictors For Cardiovascular Disease Risk In African American Adults.
Creator: Carter, Ashley N., Ralston, Penny A., Young-Clark, Iris, Ilich, Jasminka Z.
Abstract/Description: African Americans have higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to other racial groups. Modifiable and non-modifiable factors play a role in the development of both diseases. This study assessed diabetes indicators in relation to other CVD risk factors taking into account confounders, among African American adults. This was a cross-sectional study in mid-life and older African Americans (>= 45 years) who were recruited from the local churches....
Show moreAfrican Americans have higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to other racial groups. Modifiable and non-modifiable factors play a role in the development of both diseases. This study assessed diabetes indicators in relation to other CVD risk factors taking into account confounders, among African American adults. This was a cross-sectional study in mid-life and older African Americans (>= 45 years) who were recruited from the local churches. Fasting blood was collected and serum analyzed for diabetes indicators, apolipoproteins, adipokines, and lipid profile. CVD risk scores were determined using the American Heart Association and Framingham Risk Score assessments. Homeostasis Model Assessments (HOMAs) were calculated using glucose and insulin concentrations. Confounding variables were assessed by questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21, and p<0.05 was deemed significant. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze continuous variables. Frequencies and percentages were used to examine categorical variables. T-tests compared different groups while Pearson correlations provided preliminary relationships and determined variables for multiple regression analyses. A total of n=79 participants were evaluated (69% women), 59.3+/-9.2 years, BMI=34.7+/-8.3 (mean+/-SD). As expected, AA men had higher fasting blood glucose than women (123.6+/-54.9 mg/dL versus 99.0+/-21.8 mg/dL), and AA women had higher insulin (11.8+/-13.1 mg/dL versus 7.6+/-6.0 mg/dL). Our study confirmed that it is likely for AA men to have significantly lower adiponectin concentrations in comparison to AA women. Based on the CVD risk assessments, men had a significantly higher risk of developing CVD than women, which has been shown previously. Apolipoproteins, adipokines, and lipid profile also negatively influenced the cardiovascular health outcomes in men. Dietary intake, probably by influencing participants' weight/adiposity, contributed to the differences in cardiovascular outcomes between men and women. In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that diabetes and serum glucose appeared to be the leading factors for high CVD risk, on the contrary to some other indicators reported in some studies, e.g. hypertension or dyslipidemia.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000384819900006
Format: Citation

Title: The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Function and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors.
Creator: Simonavice, Emily, Liu, Pei-Yang, Ilich, Jasminka Z, Kim, Jeong-Su, Arjmandi, Bahram H, Panton, Lynn B
Abstract/Description: Breast cancer survivors (BCS) exhibit decreased physical function and quality of life (QOL) following cancer treatments. Resistance training (RT) may elicit positive changes in physical and mental well-being. This study assessed 27 BCS, pre-and post-intervention (six months) on the following variables: muscular strength (via one repetition maximum (1RM) of chest press and leg extension), physical function (via the Continuous Scale-Physical Functional Performance test) and QOL (via the Short...
Show moreBreast cancer survivors (BCS) exhibit decreased physical function and quality of life (QOL) following cancer treatments. Resistance training (RT) may elicit positive changes in physical and mental well-being. This study assessed 27 BCS, pre-and post-intervention (six months) on the following variables: muscular strength (via one repetition maximum (1RM) of chest press and leg extension), physical function (via the Continuous Scale-Physical Functional Performance test) and QOL (via the Short Form-36 survey). RT consisted of two days/week of ten exercises including two sets of 8-12 repetitions at 52%-69% of their 1RM. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed BCS significantly (p < 0.05) increased upper (71 ± 22 to 89 ± 22 kg) and lower body (74 ± 18 to 93 ± 24 kg) strength, total physical function (65.5 ± 12.1 to 73.6 ± 12.2 units) and the subcomponents of physical function: upper body strength (63.5 ± 16.3 to 71.2 ± 16.8 units), lower body strength (58.5 ± 14.9 to 68.6 ± 16.3 units), balance and coordination (66.5 ± 12.2 to 74.6 ± 11.6 units), and endurance (67.2 ± 12.0 to 75.0 ± 11.6 units). No changes were observed over time for subjective measures of physical function and QOL. Results showed RT could be an effective means to improve objective physical function in BCS. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of RT on subjective physical function and QOL.
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Date Issued: 2015-08-11
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27417791, 10.3390/healthcare3030695, PMC4939569, 27417791, 27417791, healthcare3030695
Format: Citation

Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine (4)	+ -
Department of Biomedical Sciences (2)	+ -
Department of Geriatrics (2)	+ -
Department of Psychology (1)	+ -
Institute for Successful Longevity (1)	+ -

Humans (11)	+ -
Female (9)	+ -
Male (9)	+ -
Animals (5)	+ -
Adult (4)	+ -

Middle Aged (4)	+ -
Young Adult (4)	+ -
Adolescent (3)	+ -
Rats (3)	+ -
Aged (2)	+ -
Child (2)	+ -
Diet (2)	+ -
Dietary Supplements (2)	+ -
Energy Metabolism (2)	+ -
Exercise/physiology (2)	+ -
Feeding Behavior (2)	+ -
Food (2)	+ -
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (2)	+ -
Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism (2)	+ -
Nutrition (2)	+ -
Nutritional Requirements (2)	+ -
Oxidative Stress (2)	+ -
Surveys and Questionnaires (2)	+ -
Vasodilation/physiology (2)	+ -
Aged, 80 and over (1)	+ -
Ankle Injuries/complications (1)	+ -
Ankle Injuries/therapy (1)	+ -
Ankle Joint/physiopathology (1)	+ -
Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology (1)	+ -
Apoptosis (1)	+ -

text (74)	+ -
journal article (56)	+ -

Kim, Jeong-Su (9)	+ -
Arjmandi, Bahram H (8)	+ -
Ilich, Jasminka Z (8)	+ -
Ormsbee, Michael J. (8)	+ -
Panton, Lynn B (7)	+ -

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