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Title: A Case Study in Southern Justice: The Emmett Till Case.
Creator: Whitaker, Hugh Stephen, Irish, Marion D., Rogers, William W., Parsons, Malcolm B., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: On August 28, 1955, Emmett Louis Till was abducted from the home of his uncle, Mose Wright, near Money, Mississippi. A body was recovered three days later in the nearby Tallahatchie River, which divides Tallahatchie and Leflore Counties, and the body was closer to the Tallahatchie bank of the river. A week later the Grand Jury of Tallahatchie County indicted J. W. Milan and Roy Bryant on separate counts of murder and kidnapping. On September 198, 1955, in Sumner, Mississippi, there began a...
Show moreOn August 28, 1955, Emmett Louis Till was abducted from the home of his uncle, Mose Wright, near Money, Mississippi. A body was recovered three days later in the nearby Tallahatchie River, which divides Tallahatchie and Leflore Counties, and the body was closer to the Tallahatchie bank of the river. A week later the Grand Jury of Tallahatchie County indicted J. W. Milan and Roy Bryant on separate counts of murder and kidnapping. On September 198, 1955, in Sumner, Mississippi, there began a trial destined to be the most publicized kidnap-murder trial since the Bruno Hauptman case, seventy reporters covered the trial, representing newspapers and magazines from all over the United States and from some foreign countries. Nearly every newspaper in the country gave the case and trial front-page play, as did many of those published in other countries.
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Date Issued: 1963
Identifier: etd-05272004-140932
Format: Thesis

Title: In the Company's Secret Service: Neil Benjamin Edmonstone and the First Indian Imperialists, 1780-1820.
Creator: Chancey, Marla Karen, Singh, Bawa Satinder, O'Sullivan, Patrick M., Garretson, Peter P., Lo, Winston, Greaves, Richard L., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Neil Benjamin Edmonstone held many important positions in the East India Company's Indian service during a career spanning 34 years, from 1783 to 1818. He was at various times Persian Translator to Government, Chief Secretary to Government, Secretary of the Secret Foreign and Political Department, Vice President of the Supreme Council at Calcutta and acting governor-general on two occasions. He served as the Company's chief intelligence officer for more than twenty years, taking on espionage...
Show moreNeil Benjamin Edmonstone held many important positions in the East India Company's Indian service during a career spanning 34 years, from 1783 to 1818. He was at various times Persian Translator to Government, Chief Secretary to Government, Secretary of the Secret Foreign and Political Department, Vice President of the Supreme Council at Calcutta and acting governor-general on two occasions. He served as the Company's chief intelligence officer for more than twenty years, taking on espionage occasionally himself, but more frequently directing the activities of others. He was thereafter a member of the Company's chief governing body, the Court of Directors, from 1820 until his death in 1841. In addition to providing the first biographical study of Edmonstone, this work includes a discussion of the lives of important civil servants of his generation, many of which have never received scholarly attention. The essential thesis of the work is that Edmonstone, and the group of civil servants around him, formed the first deliberately expansionist government in the Company's history. They combined all of the requirements for imperial success--a passionately held ideology, a sound plan for achieving their aims, and more expertise on the sub-continent than any previous generation had attained.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3921
Format: Thesis

Title: Protest at the Pyramid: The 1968 Mexico City Olympics and the Politicization of the Olympic Games.
Creator: Witherspoon, Kevin B., Jones, James P., O'Sullivan, Patrick, Richardson, Joe M., Conner, Valerie J., Herrera, Robinson, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation examines the importance of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. It explores briefly the history of the Olympic movement in Mexico, and the origins of the Mexican bid to host the Olympics. In winning the bid, the Mexican Olympic Committee not only staged a thorough and well-prepared presentation, but also shrewdly negotiated the waters between the Cold War superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. Even before the Opening Ceremonies, these Olympics were fraught with...
Show moreThis dissertation examines the importance of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. It explores briefly the history of the Olympic movement in Mexico, and the origins of the Mexican bid to host the Olympics. In winning the bid, the Mexican Olympic Committee not only staged a thorough and well-prepared presentation, but also shrewdly negotiated the waters between the Cold War superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. Even before the Opening Ceremonies, these Olympics were fraught with controversy, including the altitude issue, the debate over amateurism, and the question of whether to admit South Africa, which proved so divisive it inspired an international boycott movement. Each of these controversies detracted from the purely athletic interest in the Games, lending them a political feel from the beginning. These controversies were soon superceded by the "Revolt of the Black Athlete" in the United States, as black athletes threatened to boycott the Games, and a burgeoning student movement in Mexico. The latter ended in a brutal massacre initiated by Mexican police and authorities. The movement among black athletes peaked as Tommie Smith and John Carlos delivered the black power salute while on the medal stand, again drawing attention away from the athletic contests. The dissertation concludes with an analysis of the broader significance of the Olympics, from its economic impact to the meanings of the social movements attached to it. By the end of the fortnight, several hundred Mexican students lay dead, racial discord in the United States was again a topic of international discussion, and all aspirations for a separation of sport and politics lay in ruins.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0920
Format: Thesis

Title: From Mosquito Clouds to War Clouds: The Rise of Naval Air Station Banana River.
Creator: Euziere, Melissa Williford, Jones, James P., Conner, V.J, Green, Elna C., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Naval Air Station Banana River was created as a result of increased military appropriations to defend the Atlantic Coast of the United States of America. The Hepburn Board was charged with finding appropriate sites for new naval installations that could better protect American citizens from attacks along the coastline. After an exhaustive study, a site in Brevard County was selected to become a naval patrol sea plane base. County and city leaders in Brevard rallied around the construction of...
Show moreNaval Air Station Banana River was created as a result of increased military appropriations to defend the Atlantic Coast of the United States of America. The Hepburn Board was charged with finding appropriate sites for new naval installations that could better protect American citizens from attacks along the coastline. After an exhaustive study, a site in Brevard County was selected to become a naval patrol sea plane base. County and city leaders in Brevard rallied around the construction of the Naval Air Station Banana River that they had lobbied the Hepburn Board to bring to their county. They threw their support behind the station throughout its construction and celebrated its commissioning in October 1940. Pearl Harbor brought changes to NAS Banana River as German U-boats stalked the Florida coast and the station's mission was expanded to include patrol duty, search and rescue, bombardier training, sea-plane pilot training, and communications research. Buildings sprang up in response to the increase in personnel needed to fill all of the programs. Brevard County welcomed the sailors into their towns, homes, and lives. Although the base itself was isolated, there were a number of activities on and off base to keep the sailors busy. The county was felt the economic impact of the base with an increased number of employment opportunities, a rise in retail and food service profits, and a demand for additional infrastructure to support the station. Naval Air Station Banana River was deactivated in 1947 to the dismay of the people in Brevard County. Their disappointment did not last long when a few years later the base was reactivated to serve as the headquarters of the newly formed Joint Long Range Proving Ground, a testing site for the American rocket and missile program. The existence of the Naval Air Station Banana River and the infrastructure created to support it helped to bring missile program, and a few years later the space program, to Brevard County.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0489
Format: Thesis

Title: "The Lion of the Russian Army": Life and Military Career of General Prince Peter Bagration 1765-1812.
Creator: Mikaberidze, Alexander, Horward, Donald D., O’Sullivan, Patrick, Garretson, Peter, Grant, Jonathan, Creswell, Michael, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study explores the life and military career of General Peter Bagration. A scion of the Georgian royal dynasty, he was reared in the exiled family in a small town in the periphery of the Russian Empire and rose from obscurity to the highest circles of the Russian society. He was undoubtedly one of the most prominent Russians of the time, achieving unprecedented fame and status. He lived only forty-seven years but dedicated thirty years of his life to the military service. He distinguished...
Show moreThis study explores the life and military career of General Peter Bagration. A scion of the Georgian royal dynasty, he was reared in the exiled family in a small town in the periphery of the Russian Empire and rose from obscurity to the highest circles of the Russian society. He was undoubtedly one of the most prominent Russians of the time, achieving unprecedented fame and status. He lived only forty-seven years but dedicated thirty years of his life to the military service. He distinguished himself as master commander of rear and advance guards and was regarded as one of the best Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars. Bagration fought in every war Russia waged from 1794 to 1812 and successfully faced the great leaders of his epoch - Napoleon, Andre Masséna, Charles Nicholas Davout and others. However, despite his historical and military importance, Bagration still remains largely neglected. Little is known about Bagration's childhood and adolescence. Most of the volumes on Bagration describe his role in the 1812 Campaign and tend to embellish his exploits. This work aims to provide reader with an accurate portrait of one of the most prominent commanders of the Russian army. Bagration emerges as talented, patriotic general, admired by the army and society, yet of a violent and impetuous character tha often led to important miscalculations. Accepting Russia as his motherland, he served faithfully and died fighting to ensure its freedom.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2445
Format: Thesis

Title: "Stack 'Em High and Sell 'Em Cheap": James "Doc" Webb and Webb's City, St. Petersburg, Florida.
Creator: Robbins, Pamela D., Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine, Connor, Valerie Jean, Richardson, Joe M., Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study documents the story of James Earl "Doc" Webb and his business, Webb's City, between the years 1926-1982. Starting in 1926 as a small 17 by 28 foot store, Webb's City soon grew to a multi-million dollar business known as "The World's Most Unusual Drug Store." By 1970, the business grew to encompass ten city blocks, with seventy-two individual stores therein, including parking for 3,000 cars. Doc Webb's business empire included gas stations, an Outpost in Tampa, and a second "city"...
Show moreThis study documents the story of James Earl "Doc" Webb and his business, Webb's City, between the years 1926-1982. Starting in 1926 as a small 17 by 28 foot store, Webb's City soon grew to a multi-million dollar business known as "The World's Most Unusual Drug Store." By 1970, the business grew to encompass ten city blocks, with seventy-two individual stores therein, including parking for 3,000 cars. Doc Webb's business empire included gas stations, an Outpost in Tampa, and a second "city" in Pinellas Park. At its peak it employed over 1,700 people. This work focuses on Doc Webb's innovation in the business field, his fight against price-fixing and Fair Trade Laws, his influence on St. Petersburg, his customers –primarily African Americans and the elderly –and his role in advertising and self-promotion. Doc Webb and Webb's City's long lasting legacy in St. Petersburg and in business history is also discussed in this study.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1832
Format: Thesis

Title: Ethnicity and Race in the Urban South: German Immigrants and African-Americans in Charleston South Carolina during Reconstruction.
Creator: Strickland, Jeffery G., Betten, Neil, Lunstrum, John, Green, Elna, Richardson, Joe, Anderson, Rodney, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Germans and African-Americans exhibited a significant degree of economic, social, and political interaction in Reconstruction Charleston. Race and ethnic relations between Germans and African-Americans tended to be more positive than those between blacks and white southerners and challenged southern social norms. During Reconstruction, a small but economically and politically significant community of German immigrants thrived in Charleston, South Carolina. The overwhelming majority of Germans...
Show moreGermans and African-Americans exhibited a significant degree of economic, social, and political interaction in Reconstruction Charleston. Race and ethnic relations between Germans and African-Americans tended to be more positive than those between blacks and white southerners and challenged southern social norms. During Reconstruction, a small but economically and politically significant community of German immigrants thrived in Charleston, South Carolina. The overwhelming majority of Germans in Charleston had immigrated between 1850 and the Civil War. They worked primarily as merchants, shopkeepers, and skilled artisans, but a minority of them worked as laborers, domestic servants, and other service-related occupations. Germans often lived in the same neighborhoods, buildings, and even households as African-Americans. Interracial relations between Germans and African-Americans challenged social conventions of the time and drew criticism from southerners. In several instances Germans and African-Americans entered into sexual relations and even married. Following the Civil War, some southerners and German elites in Charleston considered attracting German immigrants to stimulate the economy or replace black laborers. However, German immigrants lacked to desire to settle there, and southerners had hostile views toward German immigrants and never committed to a program that would successfully attract Germans to the South. Many Germans owned and operated successful businesses and sometimes they faced the scrutiny of southerners. Germans shopkeepers catered to African-American consumer demand and sometimes sold items to blacks on credit. German middle-class businessmen organized social clubs based on their cultural heritage. The German Rifle Club leadership organized its annual Schutzenfest, and the members invited southerners and African-Americans to attend. In the annual Schutzenfest parade, German elites expressed their willingness to become southern whites and contribute to white political ascendancy. African-Americans demonstrated their own political and martial power at Fourth of July and Emancipation Day parades in which the entire community participated in the procession. German and African-American political cooperation and conflict posed a tremendous problem for southerners. Southern whites called for German Democratic political support, but African-Americans appealed to Germans as well, evidence that Germans held moderate views. Throughout Reconstruction, Germans divided themselves between both political parties, but politically active Germans gradually moved toward the Democratic Party.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1541
Format: Thesis

Title: The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary: The Political Career of Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron, Representative on Mission and Conventionnel, 1754-1802.
Creator: Greene, Karen L., Horward, Donald D., O'Sullivan, Patrick, Grant, Jonathan, Garretson, Peter P., Stoltzfus, Nathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation examines the Revolutionary career of Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron (1754-1802). Fréron was born the son of Élie-Catherine Fréron, was a prominent author and literary critic who championed the traditional institutions of France against the philosophes. But, with the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, Fréron made a complete break with his father's principles. He joined the Jacobin Club, embraced republicanism, and became a well-known, radical journalist through his...
Show moreThis dissertation examines the Revolutionary career of Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron (1754-1802). Fréron was born the son of Élie-Catherine Fréron, was a prominent author and literary critic who championed the traditional institutions of France against the philosophes. But, with the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, Fréron made a complete break with his father's principles. He joined the Jacobin Club, embraced republicanism, and became a well-known, radical journalist through his notorious newspaper L'Orateur du Peuple. Along with his work as a journalist, Fréron pursued a political career. In 1792 he was elected to the National Convention and was subsequently sent as a representative on mission to the departments of southeast France (1793-94). It was here that Fréron gained a notorious reputation as a ruthless Terrorist, especially as a result of his activities in the cities of Marseilles and Toulon. Fréron later played a leading role in the coup of 9 Thermidor (27-28 July 1794) that toppled Robespierre's government and began the process to dismantle the Terror. During the following chaotic period of the Thermidorian Reaction, Fréron sought to disassociate himself from his past activities as a Jacobin and agent of the Terror. But, public knowledge of Fréron's past activities as a representative and participant in the Terror as well as his support and encouragement of violence after Thermidor ultimately brought him criticism and condemnation. His political career was irrevocably damaged. In the final days of the National Convention, Fréron obtained one last assignment as a representative on mission to southeast France. On this mission Fréron showed great moderation and sagacity in the implementation of his duties, but found it impossible to cleanse his tarnished reputation or silence his political opponents. As a result, the last seven years of Fréron's public and private life were plagued with disappointment and failure. Fréron drifted, debt-ridden, able only to obtain insignificant employment. In 1802 he was appointed to a position as sous-préfet to the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti). But this mission was to be his last. He contracted yellow fever, just weeks after his arrival there, and died alone and forgotten.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3997
Format: Thesis

Title: Disney and the Domestication of Nature.
Creator: Hightower, William Patrick, Davis, Frederick, Herrera, Robinson A., Jumonville, Neil, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The idea of nature in America is a socially constructed fantasy. Nowhere in America can this be seen more clearly than in Walt Disney World in Florida. Nature has been manipulated and domesticated into a completely passive experience within the Disney property in Florida. The nature presented within the park is derived from the lingering vision of Walter Elias Disney, and his singular control over his company. The Disney Company has physically shaped the environment of their property in...
Show moreThe idea of nature in America is a socially constructed fantasy. Nowhere in America can this be seen more clearly than in Walt Disney World in Florida. Nature has been manipulated and domesticated into a completely passive experience within the Disney property in Florida. The nature presented within the park is derived from the lingering vision of Walter Elias Disney, and his singular control over his company. The Disney Company has physically shaped the environment of their property in Florida. Hydrology, flora, fauna, and in some instances geology, have all been altered to present the Disney version of nature. Walt Disney created the Disney version through his world view. However, this altered state is not confined to only the environment. Time, space, and history are all altered in order to present the version that Disney wants to portray. Through their position as a family entertainment leader, Disney creates a manipulated reality that is based on Walt's worldview and consumers buy into.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4056
Format: Thesis

Title: "Hitler Is Here": Lynching in Florida during the Era of World War II.
Creator: Hobbs, Tameka Bradley, Jones, Maxine D., Dickson-Carr, Darryl, Richardson, Joe M., Jones, James P., Childs, Matthew D., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This historical study will examine four lynchings that took place in Florida during the 1940s. The investigations include the lynching of A. C. Williams in Gadsden County in 1941; Cellos Harrison in Jackson County in 1943; Willie James Howard in Suwannee County in 1944; and Jesse James Payne in Madison County in 1945. In addition to describing the circumstances surrounding each incident, this study also discusses the reaction of local law enforcement, Florida state public officials, the...
Show moreThis historical study will examine four lynchings that took place in Florida during the 1940s. The investigations include the lynching of A. C. Williams in Gadsden County in 1941; Cellos Harrison in Jackson County in 1943; Willie James Howard in Suwannee County in 1944; and Jesse James Payne in Madison County in 1945. In addition to describing the circumstances surrounding each incident, this study also discusses the reaction of local law enforcement, Florida state public officials, the federal government, and the press. To tell these stories, the study relied on records from local and state governments, investigative records of the U. S. Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation and, oral history from family members and residents of the communities in which these lynchings occurred. The study gives these incidents further exploration, in attempting to fit them into the chronology of the lynching phenomenon in the United States by extracting similarities as well as changes in the practice of lynching itself. These lynchings also indicate an increasingly negative reaction but segments of the American public against such acts of violence. This was due in part to U. S. participation in World War II and the government's increasing concern about the nation's international reputation.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4014
Format: Thesis

Title: How the Common Grunt and Prostitute Changed Military Policy.
Creator: Blumlo, Daniel J., Grant, Jonathan, Garretson, Peter, Oldson, William O., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: "How the Common Grunt and Prostitute Changed Military Policy" argues that the promiscuity of the American servicemen and the women they encountered, forced the military to abandon its policy of endorsing abstinence during the Second World War. Out of fear of weakening the combat strength of the military, the government initially used punishments as a deterrent to contracting venereal disease. Since the men in arms actively sought venues for pre-marital sex regardless of the consequences, such...
Show more"How the Common Grunt and Prostitute Changed Military Policy" argues that the promiscuity of the American servicemen and the women they encountered, forced the military to abandon its policy of endorsing abstinence during the Second World War. Out of fear of weakening the combat strength of the military, the government initially used punishments as a deterrent to contracting venereal disease. Since the men in arms actively sought venues for pre-marital sex regardless of the consequences, such penalties proved unsuccessful. As the war progressed, the War Department and Surgeon General's Office reacted and began to implement methods of venereal disease education, prevention, and treatment.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3642
Format: Thesis

Title: "According to Their Capacities and Talents": Frontier Attorneys in Tallahassee during the Territorial Period.
Creator: Maynard, Jackson Wilder, Hadden, Sally, Jones, Jim, Strait, Paul, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The thesis identifies and describes the practice of attorneys in frontier Tallahassee during the Territorial Period. The thesis will also address dichotomies posed by past historians regarding the nature of the practice of law during the early- to mid-nineteenth centuries. The first, propounded by historian Roscoe Pound, maintains that this era was a period of decline in the legal profession, but also a "Golden Age." The second, posed by historian Jerold Auerbach, maintains that lawyers...
Show moreThe thesis identifies and describes the practice of attorneys in frontier Tallahassee during the Territorial Period. The thesis will also address dichotomies posed by past historians regarding the nature of the practice of law during the early- to mid-nineteenth centuries. The first, propounded by historian Roscoe Pound, maintains that this era was a period of decline in the legal profession, but also a "Golden Age." The second, posed by historian Jerold Auerbach, maintains that lawyers during this period were "country lawyers" (in the model of Abraham Lincoln or Daniel Webster) or aristocrats. The thesis argues that attorneys practicing in frontier Tallahassee during this period were professional and quite competent; their actions do not give rise to the idea that this was a period of decline for the practice of law. The thesis also maintains that lawyers during this period were more in the model of aristocrats. The thesis also contains an appendix listing all those identified as have practiced in and about Tallahassee from 1824-1845 along with some brief biographical notes.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2639
Format: Thesis

Title: Cultural Modernization in Southern Cotton Mills.
Creator: Wilhelm, Christopher J., Green, Elna, Jumonville, Neil, Sinke, Suzanne, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This Thesis analyzes the culture clash that occurred after rural white Southerners moved into Southern cotton mill villages. In these new industrial settings, which were often in close proximity to small urban centers, the culture of these workers transformed from a rural, subsistence, producer culture to an industrial, modern, consumer culture. This process was slow and progressed in many stages, the first of which began when welfare programs aimed at creating a "better" class of worker were...
Show moreThis Thesis analyzes the culture clash that occurred after rural white Southerners moved into Southern cotton mill villages. In these new industrial settings, which were often in close proximity to small urban centers, the culture of these workers transformed from a rural, subsistence, producer culture to an industrial, modern, consumer culture. This process was slow and progressed in many stages, the first of which began when welfare programs aimed at creating a "better" class of worker were popular in the mill villages during the 1910s. These welfare programs exposed the workers to modern ways of cooking, cleaning, dressing, and spending leisure time. Later, during the 1920's these workers became increasingly exposed to the mainstream, popular culture of the age as they began to consume automobiles, movies, radios, and new fashions of clothing and music. Finally, this paper analyzes the effects of the Great Depression on the burgeoning consumerism of the southern cotton mill workers.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1012
Format: Thesis

Title: "Everyday Soldiers": The Florida Brigade of the West, 1861-1862.
Creator: Sheppard, Jonathan C., Jones, James P., Wynot, Edward D., Gray, Edward G., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Between 1861 and 1865 Florida placed 15,000 of its citizens under the Confederate banner. Nearly 6,000 of these civilians-turned-soldiers, in six regiments, would see service in the Western theater, or the area encompassing the lands between the Appalachian Mountains in the East and the Mississippi River in the West. Other than Fort Donelson, Florida troops were present in every campaign fought by the Army of Tennessee, the most well-known Confederate Army in the theater. Through casualties,...
Show moreBetween 1861 and 1865 Florida placed 15,000 of its citizens under the Confederate banner. Nearly 6,000 of these civilians-turned-soldiers, in six regiments, would see service in the Western theater, or the area encompassing the lands between the Appalachian Mountains in the East and the Mississippi River in the West. Other than Fort Donelson, Florida troops were present in every campaign fought by the Army of Tennessee, the most well-known Confederate Army in the theater. Through casualties, sickness, and desertion, the brigade's number declined and at the surrender of the Army in 1865, little more than 350 remained to follow the colors. Through "Everyday Soldiers," the story of these regiments will be told, from their inceptions in Florida in the first year and a half of the conflict, through the disastrous Confederate campaign into Kentucky in the late summer and early fall of 1862. Few other theses have dealt with this unit, and in the instances that some did, few pages were devoted to their activities. This thesis will eventually become apart of the first complete history of the "Florida Brigade." Furthermore, through the letters, diaries, and memoirs of these soldiers from Florida, the lives of the soldier of the western theater can be discovered.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1770
Format: Thesis

Title: Reconquista and Convivencia: Post-Conquest Valencia during the Reign of Jaime I, El Conquistador: Interaction Between Christians and Muslims (1238-1276).
Creator: Ritt, Travis William, Strait, Paul, Garretson, Peter, Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The Reconquista in Valencia has traditionally been viewed as an attack on Islam by the Christians of Muslim Spain. However, while there was certainly a religious component to the Reconquista, this was not the sole, or even the most important motivating factor. Operating under a veneer of religious legitimatization were the driving secular ideals of increased political power and wealth. Jaime I of Aragon-Catalonia was not interested in ridding the Iberian Peninsula of its Muslim influence, but...
Show moreThe Reconquista in Valencia has traditionally been viewed as an attack on Islam by the Christians of Muslim Spain. However, while there was certainly a religious component to the Reconquista, this was not the sole, or even the most important motivating factor. Operating under a veneer of religious legitimatization were the driving secular ideals of increased political power and wealth. Jaime I of Aragon-Catalonia was not interested in ridding the Iberian Peninsula of its Muslim influence, but rather substituting it with his own rule. This led to a situation in Valencia where Muslims not only survived in Valencia for multiple generations following the Reconquest, but were also allowed to keep many of the privileges that they had enjoyed under thier Muslim overlords. The current work then looks not so much at the belligerent aspects of the Reconquista, but rather at the oftentimes peaceful interaction between Muslims and Christians of the convivencia.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1850
Format: Thesis

Title: Realistic Religion and Radical Prophets: The Stfu, the Social Gospel, and the American Left in the 1930S.
Creator: Youngblood, Joshua C., Conner, Valerie Jean, Jones, James P., Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The Southern Tenant Farmers' Union was an interracial organization of tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and wage laborers that emerged from northeastern Arkansas in the mid-1930s. The STFU became the most important social action on the part of landless agricultural workers during the Great Depression and one of the most significant critics of the New Deal and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. This study examines the STFU as a dramatic expression of the Social Gospel in the South during...
Show moreThe Southern Tenant Farmers' Union was an interracial organization of tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and wage laborers that emerged from northeastern Arkansas in the mid-1930s. The STFU became the most important social action on the part of landless agricultural workers during the Great Depression and one of the most significant critics of the New Deal and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. This study examines the STFU as a dramatic expression of the Social Gospel in the South during the 1930s and as a representation of the cooperative work of radical and moderate American leftists during the interwar period. From its inception, the STFU faced the violent opposition of planters and local authorities, yet the union managed to survive until the end of the decade as a result of talented leadership, the effectiveness of its organizational strategy, and the patronage of influential leftist leaders around the nation. The plight of the sharecroppers attracted the concern and attention of the eastern liberal establishment, Socialist leaders such as Norman Thomas, and the Communist Party. However, southern progressive leaders such as Harry Leland Mitchell, a former sharecropper turned political radical from west Tennessee, always led the union. The STFU also drew members of a new generation of southern seminary-trained social activists. These "Radical Prophets," through work with southern labor and national organizations such as the NAACP and the Fellowship of Reconciliation, injected the Social Gospel theology taught by social activists and university professors such as Alva Taylor at Vanderbilt University with a Marxist inspired desire to revolutionize southern economic and social institutions in keeping with the philosophy of modern theologians such as Reinhold Niebuhr. Southern labor leaders, radical ministers, regional black leaders, and white and black country preachers, combined in the STFU, and the potent mixture allowed the union to quickly organize thousands of the nation's most impoverished and disenfranchised in a valiant though ill-fated effort to reform southern society. This thesis also presents the STFU as a microcosm of the dissolution of the American left consensus as the Great Depression came to an end. By the early 1940s, the union had all but disappeared after having reached a peak of 35,000 members. Although the pressures associated with affiliation with an international union and the changing demographics of the Delta South were the direct causes of the union's failure, ideological rifts between the radical and moderate leaders of the union, as closely observed below in the split between the "Radical Prophets" Howard Kester and Claude Williams, hastened the STFU's demise. By analyzing the letters and first-hand accounts of STFU leaders and organizers in the context of radical Christianity and leftist political and social thought, this study provides a new perspective concerning the STFU which addresses the place of the union in 1930s intellectual history and as a manifestation of the often overlooked radical progressive tradition that existed in the South during the period.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0764
Format: Thesis

Title: The Rise of Radicalism in Antebellum Florida Politics: 1845-1856.
Creator: Weitz, Seth A., Jones, James P., Green, Elna C., Wynot, Edward, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The political culture of the 1850's was largely dictated by emotional rather than rational thought. Nowhere was this closer to reality than in the Deep South. Florida, while largely insignificant on the national level, underwent a transformation during the 1850's from a conservative society to a fire eating haven dominated by the South Carolina School of Politics. This thesis examines the metamorphosis that took place within the state from Florida's admission to the Union as the twenty...
Show moreThe political culture of the 1850's was largely dictated by emotional rather than rational thought. Nowhere was this closer to reality than in the Deep South. Florida, while largely insignificant on the national level, underwent a transformation during the 1850's from a conservative society to a fire eating haven dominated by the South Carolina School of Politics. This thesis examines the metamorphosis that took place within the state from Florida's admission to the Union as the twenty-seventh state in 1845 through the collapse of the two party political system in 1856. Antebellum Florida politics was dominated by the region of Middle Florida, known as the black belt because its economy was driven by the institution of slavery. This region, except for Jefferson County, was staunchly Whig in the early years of statehood. The radical element of society, mainly the fire eating Democrats led by David Levy Yulee, John C. McGehee, James E. Broome, and Madison Starke Perry, wanted to ally the state with extremist South Carolina but could not do so as long as the planter aristocracy felt a strong allegiance to the conservative Whigs. The security felt by the planter class within the Whig party began to erode during the Crisis of 1850 and, once this powerful group defected to the Democratic Party the state was ready to follow South Carolina in breaking the bonds of Union.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1197
Format: Thesis

Title: The Art of Deception: Dueling Intelligence Organizations in World War II.
Creator: Bendeck, Whitney Talley, Creswell, Michael, Grant, Jonathan, Wynot, Edward D., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Committee Chair - Michael Creswell Committee Member - Edward D. Wynot Committee Member - Jonathan Grant
Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1318
Format: Thesis

Title: "The Worke Wee May Doe in the World" the Western Design and the Anglo-Spanish Struggle for the Caribbean, 1654-1655.
Creator: Harrington, Matthew Craig, Childs, Matt D., Anderson, Rodney D., Strait, Paul, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In the spring and summer of 1655, Oliver Cromwell, as Lord Protector of England and with the authority of the Council of State, dispatched an English fleet under the command of Sea General William Penn and General Robert Venables to conquer and settle the target of their choosing among Spain's colonies in the Caribbean. A Spanish defending force of perhaps 400-600 men, mostly militia, repulsed a landing force of 9,000 men. Demoralized and defeated, the much-reduced force boarded their ships...
Show moreIn the spring and summer of 1655, Oliver Cromwell, as Lord Protector of England and with the authority of the Council of State, dispatched an English fleet under the command of Sea General William Penn and General Robert Venables to conquer and settle the target of their choosing among Spain's colonies in the Caribbean. A Spanish defending force of perhaps 400-600 men, mostly militia, repulsed a landing force of 9,000 men. Demoralized and defeated, the much-reduced force boarded their ships and sailed to the more weakly held island of Jamaica, where the Spanish who chose not to surrender faded into the interior to join their runaway slaves in a guerrilla campaign that would last five years before the English completed their conquest of the island. When Oliver Cromwell heard the news of the defeat at Hispaniola, observers in London reported that he shut himself in his room for an afternoon, before placing Penn and Venables in the Tower of London; but later recovered to call for godly Englishmen to settle the new colony of Jamaica. Few chose to answer, while most followed the example of the New England colonists, who felt they had enough trouble fulfilling God's mission in the North American wilderness, without sailing through a war zone to an uncertain future in disease and hunger-ridden Jamaica. Meanwhile, the war Cromwell felt he could avoid in Europe broke out with Spain, gaining him Dunkirk but costing money and men. This ambitious and spectacularly unsuccessful project to colonize the Spanish Caribbean has come to be known as the Western Design. The Western Design represents a key turning point in the history of the Caribbean and development of England's American colonial empire. Through an unprecedented use of state-commissioned force, England struck against a continental enemy across the Atlantic, and added what would become a valuable sugar island and buccaneering base to a growing American empire. The event has long been looked at by historians of Commonwealth England, both in exploring Cromwell's religious psychology, and in debating its foreign policy. However, with the growth of an Atlantic approach to history, new fields have opened within which the Western Design should be considered. One development has been the blurring of the formerly rigid historiographical distinctions of what constituted English, colonial American, and Caribbean history. A growing Atlantic empire including all three areas has begun to be explored, and events in one place have been examined as to how they affected events in the others. One example has been an analysis of the early seventeenth-century Caribbean as a target for Puritan colonization, much as New England has been viewed for decades and even centuries.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4248
Format: Thesis

Title: "A Blaze of Reputation and the Echo of a Name": The Legal Career of Peter Stephen du Ponceau in Post-Revolutionary Philadelphia.
Creator: Henderson, Jennifer Denise, Hadden, Sally E., Jumonville, Neil, Koschnik, Albrecht, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Peter Stephen du Ponceau (1760-1844) was a member of the Philadelphia Bar for nearly fifty years, during a period in which America's lawyers played an important part in fashioning the post-Revolutionary legal structure. Though contemporaries considered him to be an exceptional member of the legal profession on account of his command of history, his talent for learning languages, and most importantly, because of his scholarly knowledge of civil and foreign law (two legal areas little known to...
Show morePeter Stephen du Ponceau (1760-1844) was a member of the Philadelphia Bar for nearly fifty years, during a period in which America's lawyers played an important part in fashioning the post-Revolutionary legal structure. Though contemporaries considered him to be an exceptional member of the legal profession on account of his command of history, his talent for learning languages, and most importantly, because of his scholarly knowledge of civil and foreign law (two legal areas little known to America's common law trained lawyers), he is largely ignored by historians of early American law. The best explanation for this oversight is his specialization in civil and foreign law, as most legal historians believe that, outside of early legal education, these areas of law contributed little or not at all to the formation of the American legal system. While the purpose of this thesis is to examine du Ponceau's contributions to the development of American law through his uncommon knowledge of civil and foreign law, this examination also suggests that these legal areas played greater roles in the origins of American law than previously thought. Chapter one explores the first decades of du Ponceau's professional life in America and traces the path by which he gained recognition as a scholar of the aforementioned legal areas. The turbulent international relations with Europe that characterized the post-Revolutionary period generated a constant supply of cases pertaining to international, maritime, and commercial law. Du Ponceau's knowledge of foreign languages gave him access to important foreign legal sources, as well as to clients in need of his specialized legal skills. Though certainly benefitting from his unique position among his fellow lawyers, du Ponceau set aside time amidst his professional responsibilities to help fill what he recognized as a gap in American jurisprudential knowledge. Beginning around 1800, he promoted and contributed to the movement within the legal profession to translate important foreign and civil law works into English. He also made his specialized legal and historical knowledge available to U.S. political leaders. Chapter two illustrates how du Ponceau utilized his legal expertise, as well as his many years of experience practicing law, in his opinions on and his participation in the legal reform movement in the 1820s to codify American law upon a civil law model. Although du Ponceau had worked hard during his early years in the bar to familiarize his fellow lawyers with this alternative legal system, in the end he argued against transforming the United States into a civil law country. In A Dissertation on the Nature and Extent of the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the United States (1824) he set forth his positions on American law, legal reform, and codification, and concluded that the U.S. possessed its own common law. This American common law not only was distinct from that of England's through its numerous alterations and improvements, but also was capable of resolving America's legal problems. The evolution of du Ponceau's ideas on American law emerged through earlier published writings and private correspondence, most notably through his letters to his eccentric and pro-codification friend, Irish lawyer William Sampson. Though he failed to persuade Sampson of the superiority of the common law method, he succeeded in convincing leading jurists on both sides of the Atlantic, including James Kent and Joseph Story in America and anti-codificationist lawyers in England.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4130
Format: Thesis

Title: In the Name of the Russian People but Not for Them: President Wilson, the Allies, and Limited Intervention in Russia, 1918 to 1920.
Creator: Fierro, Frank Edward, Grant, Jonathan, Friedman, Max, Halpern, Paul, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The objective of this thesis is twofold. I first wish to address all four of the major theories revolving around the motives for the intervention into Russia, as no other work has done so. The first theory is that the war in Europe spurred the Allies to intervene in Russia- to keep Russian resources out of German hands. The saving of the Czechoslovak Legion from the Bolsheviks is a second theory. The fear of Bolshevism and the wish to strangle it in the cradle, as Churchill put it, is a third...
Show moreThe objective of this thesis is twofold. I first wish to address all four of the major theories revolving around the motives for the intervention into Russia, as no other work has done so. The first theory is that the war in Europe spurred the Allies to intervene in Russia- to keep Russian resources out of German hands. The saving of the Czechoslovak Legion from the Bolsheviks is a second theory. The fear of Bolshevism and the wish to strangle it in the cradle, as Churchill put it, is a third theory. The fourth and last theory is that the impetus for intervention came from a fear that a unilateral intervention by Japan in Siberia would lead to Japanese conquest- and the United States was unwilling to see this occur. I will also test the validity of these four theories against the primary sources, and this is also a novel aspect among intervention literature. The facts indicate that the Czechoslovak Legion was not a major cause for the Allies. Stopping Germany and, for the U.S., stopping Japan, seem to be the strongest motivations for the intervention. Bolshevism was an influence on the Allies, but not strong enough an influence to cause the intervention on its own. The second objective of this thesis is to ask a number of questions about the actions of President Woodrow Wilson during the intervention. Again, these questions are unique, no other work on the intervention asks them (the exception is Foglesong's work, which asks some of these questions, but gives no answers and no evidence on which to build answers). There is some speculation that the intervention in Russia was similar to another action in Mexico (1914), which was headed by Wilson. Were these interventions run on similar lines? Yes, but there were minor differences in the interventions. The indication is that the Russian action was directed, its policy created, by Wilson alone. What was Wilson's role? Based on the above, the Aide Mémoire, and other information, Wilson was the leader of the intervention. Finally, if the intervention was run by Wilson, why that Wilson was not opposed to the intervention, but wanted to wait for the right time to use U.S. troops.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4464
Format: Thesis

Title: The Cuban-U.S. Transnational Relationship: The Impact of Recent Migration on Cuban and Cuban-American Society.
Creator: Vicente, Andrea Christine, Childs, Matt, Sinke, Suzanne, Anderson, Rodney, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis focuses on Cuban emigration as a driving force behind the transnational relationship existing between Cuba and the United States, as it has served as the basis for relations between the two countries since 1959. This thesis will emphasize the impact that the emigration of Cubans, in the post-1980 period, affected and altered both Cuban society and the Cuban-American community in the United States. In particular, the analysis focuses on answering questions such as how do Cubans, on...
Show moreThis thesis focuses on Cuban emigration as a driving force behind the transnational relationship existing between Cuba and the United States, as it has served as the basis for relations between the two countries since 1959. This thesis will emphasize the impact that the emigration of Cubans, in the post-1980 period, affected and altered both Cuban society and the Cuban-American community in the United States. In particular, the analysis focuses on answering questions such as how do Cubans, on and off the island, maintain ties with one another and at the same time maintain a transnational link between countries through emigration? A larger question, and one that figures central to the field of Cuban studies, is how have these mass migrations of Cubans affected and forever changed Cuban identity and society? Emigration, since 1959, but more so after the 1980s, is an important part of the ways in which emigration has influenced notions of Cuban identity. These waves are an important part of the narrative, a factor which oscillates back and forth between the United States and Cuba. This thesis emphasizes the ways in which both U.S. migration and Cuban emigration are reciprocal components of a much larger Cuban trans nationality.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4559
Format: Thesis

Title: The Romanian Media in Transition.
Creator: Georgiadis, Basil D., Grant, Jonathon, O'Sullivan, Patrick, Stoltzfus, Nathan, Creswell, Michael, Childs, Matt, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The Romanian media has progressed in only a decade and a half since the fall of Communism. Reporters discuss themes about political reform, the elections, corruption, and even political protest. They critically analyze stories asking the basic questions while frequently providing follow-up. The press has liberalized, reflecting pluralistic domestic and international information sources as opposed to the State-controlled media before 1990. The media, along with free elections, transparency of...
Show moreThe Romanian media has progressed in only a decade and a half since the fall of Communism. Reporters discuss themes about political reform, the elections, corruption, and even political protest. They critically analyze stories asking the basic questions while frequently providing follow-up. The press has liberalized, reflecting pluralistic domestic and international information sources as opposed to the State-controlled media before 1990. The media, along with free elections, transparency of law and government, and a civil society, are important benchmarks for a society that strives to compare favorably with the West, and for that reason deserves examination. Serious problems exist however. A weak economy makes the media susceptible to government manipulation. Legal challenges by the government and businessmen against journalists as defendants, impose hefty fines over libel and slander challenges. Control of state broadcast media by ex-Communist ruling Social Democrats prevents the mass media from contributing to the public dialogue. Social attitudes developed in the twentieth century, negatively shape the reporting of national minority groups which are substantial in Romania and the Balkans. Finally, an authoritarian tradition based on imperial, fascist, and communist rule, has manifested itself in violence towards journalists. The dissertation examines the media within the Communist tradition from 1945-1989 and followed with a survey of the post-Communist media. A brief history of the national minorities question provides perspective on present day attitudes in the media towards these groups. A survey of NGO's and other institutions examined progress towards a civil society. In the international context, a comparison of the situation in Romania with countries in Eastern Europe and Latin America revealed similar problems. The media has diversified greatly considering the short time frame of this study in post-Communist Romania. Election choices, international structures and non-governmental agencies will continue to influence and change the political and media culture while a weak economy and authoritarian mentality in the government and legal system offer challenges to a developing free press and young democracy in Romania.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0139
Format: Thesis

Title: Slavery and Its Aftermath: The Archeological and Historical Record at Magnolia Plantation.
Creator: Miller, Christina E., Conner, Valerie J., Doran, Glen H., Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In 1996, Magnolia Plantation in Natchitoches Parish Louisiana was transferred to the National Park Service as part of the Cane River Creole National Historic Park. Between 1996 and 1999, the National Park Service conducted archeological investigations at the plantation's former slave cabins that were constructed circa 1845. Because the cabins were occupied from before the Civil War to the 1970s, they present a unique opportunity to view over 100 years worth of material remains left behind by...
Show moreIn 1996, Magnolia Plantation in Natchitoches Parish Louisiana was transferred to the National Park Service as part of the Cane River Creole National Historic Park. Between 1996 and 1999, the National Park Service conducted archeological investigations at the plantation's former slave cabins that were constructed circa 1845. Because the cabins were occupied from before the Civil War to the 1970s, they present a unique opportunity to view over 100 years worth of material remains left behind by black freedmen and freedwomen and subsequent generations of black agricultural workers. This study examines their standard of living using both documentary and archeological sources.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2431
Format: Thesis

Title: Men on "Iron Ponies," the Death and Rebirth of the Modern U.S. Cavalry.
Creator: Morton, Matthew Darlington, Jones, James P., O’Sullivan, Patrick, Horward, Donald D., Keuchel, Edward F., Grant, Jonathan A., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The airplane and tank forever changed the nature of war and expectation of how wars might be fought in the future. Like all of the major combatants, the United States Army attempted to capture the lessons of World War I as it considered how it would organize, train, and equip its forces for the future. Recognizing that the airplane had taken on the many of the strategic reconnaissance tasks once performed by horse cavalry, the United States Army concluded that some form of mechanized means...
Show moreThe airplane and tank forever changed the nature of war and expectation of how wars might be fought in the future. Like all of the major combatants, the United States Army attempted to capture the lessons of World War I as it considered how it would organize, train, and equip its forces for the future. Recognizing that the airplane had taken on the many of the strategic reconnaissance tasks once performed by horse cavalry, the United States Army concluded that some form of mechanized means might extend the range of horse cavalry units, still required for reconnaissance during poor weather and periods of limited visibility. Not as clear at the end of World War I, was that future tank forces might need their own reconnaissance forces. Although no serious efforts were taken to integrate mechanized reconnaissance vehicles into existing army formations until 1928, and then only on an experimental basis, few doubted that the mechanized reconnaissance units that might be developed would exist mainly to serve Cavalry Branch, still doctrinally and culturally dominated by a reliance on horses. Mechanized reconnaissance experimentation continued during the 1930s, at first largely in service of horses, but by the early 1940s in full competition with horses. Efforts to contain the role of mechanization to preserve a role for the horse cavalry were reflected in the doctrine and organization of mechanized reconnaissance units. Only after World War II began, did mechanized units fully usurp all of Cavalry Branch's traditional missions to include reconnaissance. The test of war revealed a number of flaws in mechanized reconnaissance doctrine and organization. The unwillingness of former horse cavalry soldiers to abandon their former doctrine resulted in mechanized reconnaissance units far more combat capable than anticipated during the interwar years, but still incapable of fulfilling their anticipated reconnaissance duties. At the end of World War II, mechanized reconnaissance doctrine and organization sought to fully restore Cavalry Branch's identity as a combat arm even without horses. Only those who fought the hardest to maintain a role for the horse before World War II considered trying to restore horses to Cavalry Branch after World War II. The horse advocates were unsuccessful and the Army retains fully mechanized reconnaissance organizations shaped not only by interwar experimentation, but by the World War II experience.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2233
Format: Thesis

Title: The Story Behind the Story: Experience and Identity in the Development of Palestinian Nationalism 1917-1967.
Creator: Penziner, Victoria Lynn, Garretson, Peter, Grant, Jonathan, Wynot, Ed, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Prior to 1967, the liberation of the Palestinian people meant a coordinated attack by the Arab armies on Israel. After 1967, the liberation of the Palestinians fell to the people who inhabited the Territories-West Bank and Gaza and the refugee camps. The liberation became less of an elite, intellectual concept and more of a grass roots desire. These changes manifest themselves in a number of ways, but none so important as the changes in people and how their experiences relate to diplomatic...
Show morePrior to 1967, the liberation of the Palestinian people meant a coordinated attack by the Arab armies on Israel. After 1967, the liberation of the Palestinians fell to the people who inhabited the Territories-West Bank and Gaza and the refugee camps. The liberation became less of an elite, intellectual concept and more of a grass roots desire. These changes manifest themselves in a number of ways, but none so important as the changes in people and how their experiences relate to diplomatic and military data. Using oral history, memory and experience this work seeks to connect these three categories of data. The 1967 War was a turning point in the development of Palestinian identity both collectively and individually, however, this aspect of the war has been largely overlooked by scholars. By looking at the legacies of the British Mandatory period, the 1948 War, the affects of Pan-Arabism, the United Nations and the Palestine Liberation Organization, a greater understanding of the 1967 War and its importance on the individual level can be seen. This work examines not the diplomatic and course of the war, but how this war affected individual Palestinians using oral histories and personal experience. Due to the availability of sources, it focuses mainly on experiences of Palestinians within the West Bank and on men. Sources for women are more difficult to find and although female recollections included, gender is not discussed. This work relies heavily on experiences of Arabs in America and works in translation. As such, a discussion of the 1967's War impact on America is also discussed in detail.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2033
Format: Thesis

Title: Making of a Marshal: Bertrand Clauzel Takes Command of the Army of Portugal, 1812.
Creator: Graceffo, Jeffrey, Horward, Donald, Creswell, Michael, Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Historians have studied Napoleon's Peninsular War for nearly 200 years, focusing in great detail on its military aspect. While many studies are devoted to the Duke of Wellington, Marshal Andre Massena, or other French marshals, there are some individuals who had a remarkable impact on the Peninsula that have been ignored. During the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812, French General Bertrand Clauzel became commander of the Army of Portugal. After the battle, he remained in command for several...
Show moreHistorians have studied Napoleon's Peninsular War for nearly 200 years, focusing in great detail on its military aspect. While many studies are devoted to the Duke of Wellington, Marshal Andre Massena, or other French marshals, there are some individuals who had a remarkable impact on the Peninsula that have been ignored. During the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812, French General Bertrand Clauzel became commander of the Army of Portugal. After the battle, he remained in command for several months. He dealt with an army that was in ruin. Their morale was extremely low, discipline was almost non-existent, and their logistics were in shambles. Nevertheless, he sought to restore the army as an effective fighting force. Throughout his efforts to restore the army, Clauzel faced Spanish guerrillas and the British Army in an exhausted country. Most references to Clauzel during this time period are extremely limited. Due to the recent archival availability of Clauzel's personal papers, this thesis will take an important step in analyzing Clauzel's role and contribution to the French cause in the Peninsular War.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4080
Format: Thesis

Title: The Evolution of German-Jewish Intermarriage Laws and Practices in Germany to 1900.
Creator: Griffin, Christopher W., Stoltzfus, Nathan, Creswell, Michael, Sinke, Suzanne, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In 1875, citizens throughout the recently formed German nation were for the first time allowed to intermarry without conversion. Over the course of the next fifty years, German Jews marriages to German non-Jews increased to such a level that German-Jewish intermarriage became one of the central issues in German-Jewish relations. This thesis places intermarriage within the larger frameworks of German-Jewish relations and German-Jewish history. It develops a new interpretation of the evolution...
Show moreIn 1875, citizens throughout the recently formed German nation were for the first time allowed to intermarry without conversion. Over the course of the next fifty years, German Jews marriages to German non-Jews increased to such a level that German-Jewish intermarriage became one of the central issues in German-Jewish relations. This thesis places intermarriage within the larger frameworks of German-Jewish relations and German-Jewish history. It develops a new interpretation of the evolution and legalization of intermarriage. The legalization of intermarriage took place within the framework of the kulturkampf and civil marriage debates of the early 1870s. Though intermarriage between German Jews and German non-Jews would become far more frequent after the turn of the century, intermarriage during the late nineteenth century had far more important political, religious, and social implications than mere numbers would suggest.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3962
Format: Thesis

Title: Diplomatic Struggles: British Support in Spain and Portugal, 1800 1810.
Creator: Black, Frederick H., Horward, Donald D., O’Sullivan, Patrick M., Creswell, Michael, Grant, Jonathan A., Richardson, Joe M., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Historians have studied the Peninsular War in great detail for almost 200 years. Most of these works have focused on the military exploits of the involved nations or the individual participants. Those who have examined the diplomatic aspects of the war between France and Great Britain usually focus on the later years of the war when more famous men served in the important positions. The latter period of the conflict also receives more attention from the military standpoint, so there is little...
Show moreHistorians have studied the Peninsular War in great detail for almost 200 years. Most of these works have focused on the military exploits of the involved nations or the individual participants. Those who have examined the diplomatic aspects of the war between France and Great Britain usually focus on the later years of the war when more famous men served in the important positions. The latter period of the conflict also receives more attention from the military standpoint, so there is little surprise in the fact that diplomacy studies often mirror that emphasis. Contemporary scholars have largely overlooked the decade leading up to the conflict, 1800 – 1807. The same observation holds true as well for the early years of the conflict, 1808 – 1810. This dissertation examines these important years, and their influence, on the Peninsular War. The efforts of the British to support both the Spaniards and the Portuguese in the initial years of their struggle against France proved critical to the success eventually achieved in Iberia. In particular, the roles played by two British diplomats, John Hookham Frere and John Charles Villiers, demonstrate the difficulties faced by the British in this endeavor. Their efforts in both Spain and Portugal over the first decade of the nineteenth century typify the British experience in creating, solidifying, and maintaining alliances against France. These men dealt with unstable regency governments, a shortage of money, and even a lack of indigenous popular support at times. While these problems all relate to the situations in the foreign countries in which they served, Frere and Villiers also faced issues at home. From their dealings with the Foreign Office, to the oversight from Parliament, and the press coverage of their missions, they had no shortage of problems in London. Nevertheless, they sought to support the nations to which they were assigned. Most references to these two diplomats in the general histories of the war paint them in a negative light. Their whole story, however, has yet to emerge. This dissertation will take an important step in presenting a more complete story of the British diplomatic struggle in the early years of the Peninsular War.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3708
Format: Thesis

Title: Victorian War Correspondents G.A. Henty and H.M. Stanley: The 'Abyssinian' Campaign 1867-1868.
Creator: Hoover, Nora K., Garretson, Peter P., O’Sullivan, Patrick, Creswell, Michael, Grant, Jonathon, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Contemporary historians of the British military expedition to Abyssinia (hereafter called Ethiopia) generally ascribed the source of the Ethiopian conflict to the lack of a reply from Queen Victoria to a letter from Tewodros II, in which he requested military aid and the exchange of ambassadors. The victorious campaign enhanced the power and prestige of Britain in both Europe and the Middle East. In the extant literature, however, the role of the "specials," George A. Henty and Henry M....
Show moreContemporary historians of the British military expedition to Abyssinia (hereafter called Ethiopia) generally ascribed the source of the Ethiopian conflict to the lack of a reply from Queen Victoria to a letter from Tewodros II, in which he requested military aid and the exchange of ambassadors. The victorious campaign enhanced the power and prestige of Britain in both Europe and the Middle East. In the extant literature, however, the role of the "specials," George A. Henty and Henry M. Stanley, assigned to report on the conduct of the war, has yet to be examined. This study was undertaken in an effort to better understand the history of war reporting by civilians. Why were war correspondents deemed necessary, and how could civilians understand and effectively convey the facts of the conflict? To what extent did the military commander accept or allow such intrusion, and how strictly enforce censorship? How influential were the correspondents' descriptions of a virtually unknown people on the reading public? How willing were the correspondents to treat both sides fairly, and how would that accord with the editorial tone of the newspaper. Finally, while the presence of the correspondents may not have directly affected the outcome of the conflict, was it possible that correspondents, such as Henty and Stanley, exerted more influence on the newspaper readership than others because of their strong imperial views? Inevitably, the correspondents' reports on Ethiopia informed the views of their readership, and shaped their ideas on non-European peoples and imperial expansion. Significantly, as the Empire grew, Henty's and Stanley's imperialistic views gained in popularity, and Henty's fictional boy heroes helped a generation envision the qualities necessary for the colonial administrator. Stanley's African explorations in search of Dr. Livingstone captured the imagination of the world, and enhanced the idea of imperial expansion. Both correspondents made significant contributions to the history of war literature by writing books composed of their dispatches.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3786
Format: Thesis

Title: Fear and Domination: Pierre Riel, the Marquis de Beurnonville at the Spanish Court and Napoleon Bonaparte's Spanish Policy, 1802-05.
Creator: Jones, Michael W., Horward, Donald D., Grant, Jonathan, Jones, James, O'Sullivan, Patrick, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Napoleon Bonaparte's foreign policy was perhaps the crucial weakness in the First Empire's fate. Through strength of arms on the battlefields of Europe, Napoleon was able to subdue and dominate Europe, yet it was this very strength which facilitated a belligerent course with France's allies. This was exemplified by Napoleon's use of twenty-two generals as ambassadors for the First Empire. Therefore, when Napoleon turned to Spain, he was not seeking to strengthen a historical alliance through...
Show moreNapoleon Bonaparte's foreign policy was perhaps the crucial weakness in the First Empire's fate. Through strength of arms on the battlefields of Europe, Napoleon was able to subdue and dominate Europe, yet it was this very strength which facilitated a belligerent course with France's allies. This was exemplified by Napoleon's use of twenty-two generals as ambassadors for the First Empire. Therefore, when Napoleon turned to Spain, he was not seeking to strengthen a historical alliance through mutually supportive policy; rather he sought to force his ally to subordinate its interests to France. From 1802-05, General Pierre Riel, the Marquis de Beurnonville, served as Napoleon's ambassador to the Spanish court. Although Beurnonville's character was at times a hindrance, the ambassador never flinched from the difficult course Napoleon demanded. Beurnonville forced Charles IV's reluctant government to accept damaging commercial treaties, a subsidy of seventy-two million francs and finally to join its navy with France to battle the British fleet. The focus of this dissertation is to shed light on a crucial period of Franco-Spanish relations. Under Beurnonville's tenure, Napoleon sowed the seeds of his disastrous invasion of Spain. The renewal of war with Britain in 1802, led Napoleon to augment the French navy and prepare for an invasion of the British Isles. Spain became an important component of Napoleon's strategy to invade England. Initially, the First Consul planned to substitute seventy-two million francs of Spanish gold, a sum that British leaders estimated would field fifteen ships-of-the-line and 200,000 French troops, for Spain's martial commitment. Spain, under Manuel Godoy's leadership, sought to avoid paying this financial burden because the nation could not afford it and payment could lead to war with Britain. The result of his efforts was an ultimatum and invasion scare from France. Once Spain reluctantly accepted its treaty obligations England reciprocated with its own ultimatum and attacked the Spanish treasure fleet. In the aftermath of this action, Spain declared war on England. Thereafter, Beurnonville and Godoy strove to rebuild the moribund Spanish navy. Ultimately, their efforts were capped with Spain's contribution to the Allied fleet at Trafalgar.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3434
Format: Thesis

Title: "The Naples of America": Pensacola during the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Creator: Brackett, John Matthew, Richardson, Joe M., Jones, James P., Strait, Paul W., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis covers two critical time periods of the history of Pensacola, Florida. The first examines the Civil War and the second covers Reconstruction. The study begins with the Union's occupation of Fort Pickens located on Santa Rosa Island and evaluate's the North's strategy in occupying the position. To illustrate the fort's strengths, the thesis provides accounts of the battle of Santa Rosa Island and the subsequent artillery duels. Because of its limited importance during the war,...
Show moreThis thesis covers two critical time periods of the history of Pensacola, Florida. The first examines the Civil War and the second covers Reconstruction. The study begins with the Union's occupation of Fort Pickens located on Santa Rosa Island and evaluate's the North's strategy in occupying the position. To illustrate the fort's strengths, the thesis provides accounts of the battle of Santa Rosa Island and the subsequent artillery duels. Because of its limited importance during the war, neither side placed much emphasis on Pensacola. As a result, the city was not the site of a major engagement. In 1862, the Confederates abandoned the city and the Union quickly took over, but limited manpower prevented an adequate occupation forcing the federals to remain within the safety of their installations until the end of the war. Pensacola had an easier transition to the post war nation, because of two factors, the military and the timber industry. The federal government kept enough personnel to properly man the forts and Navy Yard, and as a result the soldiers' presence prevented lawlessness and ensured the enforcement of the Reconstruction Acts. While other areas of the South endured poverty due to the failure of cotton crops, Pensacola's economy grew as the demand for lumber increased. West Florida's vast longleaf pine forests provided an almost unlimited supply of timber, and the region's sawmills flourished. This provided a large number of wage paying jobs that kept Pensacola's residents out of poverty. Along with providing employment, the timber industry boosted the shipping traffic entering and leaving the city's port. The city also faced other issues that affected its events between 1861 and 1877 such as yellow fever, railroads, and the possibility of annexation to Alabama. Each of these aspects influenced the development of Pensacola and its residents. Yellow fever prevented the city from becoming a haven for tourists seeking a healthier climate, and the lack of a railroad connection with Tallahassee prompted Alabama to propose annexation. The combination of these factors along with the military and timber industry gave Pensacola a unique situation during the Civil War and Reconstruction.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3420
Format: Thesis

Title: From "Masterly Inactivity" to Limited Autonomy: Afghanistan as a Catalyst for Liberal Imperialism.
Creator: Laffer, Stephanie, Upchurch, Charles, Grant, Jonathan, Garretson, Peter, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Afghanistan was both the site of an experiment in traditional imperialism, as well as the first area where the concept of Liberal imperialism was introduced. The end of the Second Afghan War was a catalyst for British foreign policy. The aftermath of this war would lead to a reassessment of the goals of British imperial policy, including the eventual changes in the definition of imperialism. This thesis seeks to establish the role of the British experience in Afghanistan in the creation of...
Show moreAfghanistan was both the site of an experiment in traditional imperialism, as well as the first area where the concept of Liberal imperialism was introduced. The end of the Second Afghan War was a catalyst for British foreign policy. The aftermath of this war would lead to a reassessment of the goals of British imperial policy, including the eventual changes in the definition of imperialism. This thesis seeks to establish the role of the British experience in Afghanistan in the creation of Liberal imperialism. The personal beliefs and experiences of the most important figure of the Liberal Party, William Ewart Gladstone, the Prime Minister of Britain at the conclusion of the Second Afghan War (1878-1881), will be used to examine the moral values espoused by the Liberal Party in Afghanistan. These values can be seen in many contemporary sources, such as newspapers and Gladstone's personal correspondence and diaries. As this thesis intends to prove the British experience in Afghanistan served as a catalyst for Liberal imperialism, the term must first be defined by a study of the historiography of British imperial policy. To further this understanding of the British policies, attention will be paid to contemporary newspapers' portrayal of Afghanistan and Gladstone's actions concerning the country. In addition to papers from Britain, one newspaper from India, The Times of India, will also be consulted to gain local citizens impressions on the war. Although newspapers serve as an excellent source of contemporary opinion, letters written by and to Gladstone show another side of the issue. In his personal correspondence and diaries, Gladstone reveals his own opinions on Afghanistan, and how his policies in the country are a part of the overall moral foreign policy he advocated for Britain. The changes in British imperial policy initiated by the Liberal Imperialists would last until the end of the British Empire. Although most historians see the beginnings of Liberal imperialism with the struggle for African dominance in the late 1880s and 1890s, the role of the Second Afghan War and the resulting changes in foreign policy marked this turn towards a new imperialism. The impact of the British experience in Afghanistan is overlooked in the historiography of liberal imperialism, yet its role as a catalyst for new ideas of imperialism for both the Conservative and Liberal parties is not one which can be forgotten.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3321
Format: Thesis

Title: "And They'll March with Their Brothers to Freedom": Cumann na Mban, Nationalism, and Women's Rights in Ireland, 1900-1923.
Creator: McCallum, Christi, Upchurch, Charles, Sinke, Suzanne, Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Between the years 1900 and 1923, women in Ireland played an integral role in the nationalist movement. While several nationalist groups had female members, the women also founded their own nationalist organizations, Inghindhe na hEireann (Daughters of Ireland) and Cumann na mBan (Council of Women). These two groups indicated two different phases of the nationalist movement: Inghinidhe embodied the political and cultural aspects of women's participation in the move for Irish freedom, but...
Show moreBetween the years 1900 and 1923, women in Ireland played an integral role in the nationalist movement. While several nationalist groups had female members, the women also founded their own nationalist organizations, Inghindhe na hEireann (Daughters of Ireland) and Cumann na mBan (Council of Women). These two groups indicated two different phases of the nationalist movement: Inghinidhe embodied the political and cultural aspects of women's participation in the move for Irish freedom, but Cumann na mBan, which had been organized as an auxiliary to the Irish Volunteers (later the IRA), added military activities to their agenda. Some Irish suffragists disliked nationalist women's groups because they felt that these drew recruits away from their ranks. At the same time, nationalist women ran their own suffrage campaign by helping the men in their revolutionary activity, which ultimately ended in women's equal citizenship in the first year of the Free State. Guerilla warfare, in particular, caused an expansion of women's roles and allowed them to transgress gendered boundaries. After the war women were not simply sent back to home, they continued their political work and agitated against new anti-feminist legislation. This thesis argues against many historians of Cumann na mBan who focus on the losses, rather than the achievements by the organization and its impact on women's roles in Ireland; women were agents of change who left a permanent impact on their political environment
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2618
Format: Thesis

Title: National Confusion over the Issues of the English Restoration.
Creator: Neilson, Joanna T., Garretson, Peter P., O’Sullivan, Patrick, Sommerville, C. John, Singh, Bawa Satinder, Strait, Paul W., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation focuses on the development of political culture in the early Restoration. I examine authors from across the religious and political spectrum who voiced their support for, criticisms of, doubts about, and rejections of the reestablishment of the monarchy and the Church of England. Using a wide range of sources, including verse, sermons, almanacs, and political tracts, I argue that the commentary was far more rich and varied than previous scholars have suggested. While giving...
Show moreThis dissertation focuses on the development of political culture in the early Restoration. I examine authors from across the religious and political spectrum who voiced their support for, criticisms of, doubts about, and rejections of the reestablishment of the monarchy and the Church of England. Using a wide range of sources, including verse, sermons, almanacs, and political tracts, I argue that the commentary was far more rich and varied than previous scholars have suggested. While giving adequate attention to the major radical tracts of the period 1660 to 1663, this study also illuminates the previously largely ignored voices who supported the Restoration but did not agree with how officials were trying to shape England. Arranged thematically, the four chapters address different aspects of the Restoration. Chapter One examines the attempts to define Charles II's return. Chapter Two discusses the government's efforts to replace national memory of the recent past with myth and the spectrum of authors who disagreed with this approach, instead using the past three decades as fruitful material for their publications and means of expressing critical or dissenting opinions. Chapter Three examines the expectations Charles II and England had for the Restoration and the monarch's partial success in fulfilling these expectations. Chapter Four investigates Restoration ideas of obedience to the government and the Church of England. In the Conclusions I argue that the Restoration was significant because contemporaries thought that it was. This dissertation has demonstrated the deep involvement of the press in spreading materials that discussed the important issues of the day and the wide range of opinions available to the English people. This period of civil discourse was necessary for the beginning of an opposition that did not want the downfall of the government or a radical change in the Church of England. I believe this method provides a new approach for interpreting the Restoration.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2687
Format: Thesis

Title: At Home Among the Red Hills: The African American Tenant Farm Community on Tall Timbers Plantation.
Creator: Bauer, Robin Theresa, Jones, Maxine D., Richardson, Joe M., Marrinan, Rochelle, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Southern quail hunting plantations emerged in the late 1800s as wealthy northerners began to buy the old cotton plantations to enjoy the temperate southern Georgia and northern Florida winters and also to indulge in the genteel sport of quail hunting. Many of these quail plantations are known for their attractive main houses and beautiful landscapes, but running the plantations depended upon a large community of African Americans who worked as domestic help, wage laborers, and tenant farmers....
Show moreSouthern quail hunting plantations emerged in the late 1800s as wealthy northerners began to buy the old cotton plantations to enjoy the temperate southern Georgia and northern Florida winters and also to indulge in the genteel sport of quail hunting. Many of these quail plantations are known for their attractive main houses and beautiful landscapes, but running the plantations depended upon a large community of African Americans who worked as domestic help, wage laborers, and tenant farmers. The tenant farmers who resided on the plantations were an important part of the community, not only for their assistance in the operation of the large plantations, but also because of the self-sufficient communities of tenant farms they created on the vast tracts of land. Unfortunately a lack of written records left behind by the African American residents have caused the history and lifestyle of these inhabitants to remain relatively unexplored. However, by examining business ledgers kept by the owner of Tall Timbers, oral histories taken of former inhabitants, and interpreting material culture recovered during an archaeological excavation that took place on an abandoned tenant farm the story of the families who once lived on the plantation can be uncovered. This thesis endeavors to tell the history of the tenant farm families who once farmed Tall Timbers Plantation in the red hills of Florida during the early 1900s, thus exposing an integral part of African American History in the South.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1134
Format: Thesis

Title: Neoconservatism and Iraq.
Creator: McHargue, Ryan Patrick, Garretson, Peter P., Jones, James P., Friedman, Max, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The goal of this work is to answer a specific set of questions that have arisen concerning neoconservatism and its relationship with the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This thesis will begin by first giving the reader a broad background concerning the neoconservative movement, and aid in proving the assumptions necessary for the argument to be made. After showing that neoconservatism is in fact the "order of the day" for the Bush Administration's foreign policy staff, and proving that the...
Show moreThe goal of this work is to answer a specific set of questions that have arisen concerning neoconservatism and its relationship with the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This thesis will begin by first giving the reader a broad background concerning the neoconservative movement, and aid in proving the assumptions necessary for the argument to be made. After showing that neoconservatism is in fact the "order of the day" for the Bush Administration's foreign policy staff, and proving that the administration has espoused modern neoconservative policies, the role of Iraq in a neoconservative framework will be focused upon. This includes identifying and expounding upon key tenets of a neoconservative ideological framework and where Iraq fits within it. Once Iraq's place within this framework is determined, this work will examine the statements of specific neoconservatives within the Bush administration who have written extensively concerning Iraq during the period between the end of the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. By examining their words, it will be determined whether or not they were advocates of the invasion in 2003 prior to the events of September 11, 2001, which served as a pretext and justification for the invasion itself. By understanding the role of Iraq in a neoconservative framework, it is hoped that people will be able to better predict the possible outcomes of the conflict. It is important to note that this thesis was drafted in the early part of 2005, prior to the position changes of many of the executive officers mentioned. For example, Paul Wolfowitz has recently been given the position of head of the World Bank, Douglas Feith has since resigned his post as Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, and Zalmay Khalilzad has been given the position of Ambassador to Iraq, replacing John Negroponte, who filled the position of the newly-created office of Director of National Intelligence.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2548
Format: Thesis

Title: Aliens in the World: Sectarians, Secularism and the Second Great Awakening.
Creator: McCook, Matt, Jumonville, Neil, Joiner, Thomas, Green, Elna, Koschnik, Albrecht, Porterfield, Amanda, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The association of an otherworldly impulse with the Second Great Awakening and the study of sectarianism in the Jacksonian period have long been overlooked by scholars. Most have associated the awakening with evangelicals' social and moral reform efforts or with Christian political mobilization because their attention has been focused on settled or maturing religious groups. Without question the awakening inspired many Christians to establish reform societies whose purpose was to turn the...
Show moreThe association of an otherworldly impulse with the Second Great Awakening and the study of sectarianism in the Jacksonian period have long been overlooked by scholars. Most have associated the awakening with evangelicals' social and moral reform efforts or with Christian political mobilization because their attention has been focused on settled or maturing religious groups. Without question the awakening inspired many Christians to establish reform societies whose purpose was to turn the United States into a Godly evangelical empire. However, the awakening also resulted in the creation of several new religious sects who rejected these efforts. The Disciples of Christ, or Churches of Christ, the Millerites, the Mormons and the Hicksite Quakers do not fit typical characterizations of the awakening. They tried in various ways to remain unblemished by the world rather than expending their energies trying to perfect it. As sectarians in their initial stage of religious development they focused more on rewards in the next life than on comfort and conquest in this one. An analysis of their views on politics, social reform and economics suggests that the Second Great Awakening inspired an otherworldly outlook among sectarians even while it nurtured a reform impulse among denominations. The fact that American Transcendentalists, who were engaged in a separate literary, intellectual and spiritual movement, had similar attitudes toward politics, social reform and economics further suggests that the otherworldly outlook was pervasive in Jacksonian America.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2602
Format: Thesis

Title: Rearguard of the Confederacy: The Second Florida Infantry Regiment.
Creator: Turner, Shane M., Grant, Jonathan, Green, Elna, Creswell, Michael, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Among the popular Confederate accounts of the America Civil War, the men who served in the Army of Northern Virginia occupy positions of special celebrity and admiration. In print, on stage, in song, and on screen, the experiences of leaders and ordinary men who served in that army have attained almost mythological status. So many books have been published telling the histories of the men and units of that army that one might be led to falsely conclude that all the stories that are worth...
Show moreAmong the popular Confederate accounts of the America Civil War, the men who served in the Army of Northern Virginia occupy positions of special celebrity and admiration. In print, on stage, in song, and on screen, the experiences of leaders and ordinary men who served in that army have attained almost mythological status. So many books have been published telling the histories of the men and units of that army that one might be led to falsely conclude that all the stories that are worth telling have already been told. Such is not the case. Both lay and professional historians have, in the more than 140 years since the end of the conflict, produced new interpretations and published yet-untold stories every year. Yet, much remains to tell. One such story is that of the Second Florida Infantry Regiment. From the spring of 1861, when the regiment was formed, until the spring of 1865, when it surrendered, the men of the regiment had endured four full years of military life. They underwent discipline and chaos, slumber and sleep deprivation, abundance and hunger, and living and dying together. The Second Florida took part in nearly every campaign and fought in nearly every major battle in which the Army of Northern Virginia was engaged. The blood of many a member touched the soils of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and was liberally sprinkled across the hills and fields of Virginia; such was the price of the glory they attained. Beyond the battlefield, the campaigning, and the marching, other than the active warfare, there are aspects of the Civil War, portions of a day, a night, and even whole months, that are not normally entered into the records of what happened to the men who fought in that great conflict. The members of the Second Florida, like all members of the Confederate Army, had many experiences apart from the active waging of war. There were months of encampment in winter quarters, and whole or parts of days, nights, and sometimes weekends at the beginning, end, and even during a campaign when they were inactive. These experiences are actually what filled the majority of the infantry soldier's life. The Civil War was not only about fighting and killing. It was also about hunger, boredom, cold, varying degrees of wetness, religion, and even love. This study tells the story of what the Second Florida Infantry Regiment did during the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part, investigates the every-day experiences of the men of the unit, and explores the reasons the men had for staying with the regiment until the end of the conflict. There are several specific issues involving the lives of common soldiers during the Civil War about which historians have written little. Included in these topics are: how medical and sanitary conditions affected Civil War era armies; how the diet of soldiers affected a their health and unit morale; what the men did while not on the battlefield, and how they interacted with each other; and the role of religion in the lives of the men. In telling the military history of the regiment, this work includes several items that are absent from any other published history of the unit.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1459
Format: Thesis

Title: From Pearl Harbor to Peace: The Gendered Shipyard Experience in Tampa.
Creator: Tanner, Stacy Lynn, Sinke, Suzanne, Stoltzfus, Nathan, Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: An elaboration on the story of the wartime shipyards in Tampa is due. This reevaluation of the conditions of the workers includes a depiction of some of the issues that women workers faced. In addition, the efforts of government officials, the managements of the shipyards, and the individual worker are revealed to better understand this home front industry in Tampa and its effect on the postwar development of the area. The reflections of three shipyard workers are included in order to...
Show moreAn elaboration on the story of the wartime shipyards in Tampa is due. This reevaluation of the conditions of the workers includes a depiction of some of the issues that women workers faced. In addition, the efforts of government officials, the managements of the shipyards, and the individual worker are revealed to better understand this home front industry in Tampa and its effect on the postwar development of the area. The reflections of three shipyard workers are included in order to comprehend the sacrifices of these workers and to further evaluate the impact of the home front experience on women's lives.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1699
Format: Thesis

Title: Roots of an Artisan Community, Guadalajara, Mexico, 1791‐1842.
Creator: Jiménez, Claudia Patricia Rivas, Anderson, Rodney D., Childs, Matt, Jones, Maxine, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis analyzes artisans and especially the guilds trades in Guadalajara from 1791 to 1842. During the onset of commercial capitalism, the Mexican economy underwent a process of reorganization. Some scholars have argued that the artisan mode of production declined as new productive forms emerged. However, even though commercial capitalism brought changes to the established forms of production, the artisan system continued to function in an adapted manner through the nineteenth century...
Show moreThis thesis analyzes artisans and especially the guilds trades in Guadalajara from 1791 to 1842. During the onset of commercial capitalism, the Mexican economy underwent a process of reorganization. Some scholars have argued that the artisan mode of production declined as new productive forms emerged. However, even though commercial capitalism brought changes to the established forms of production, the artisan system continued to function in an adapted manner through the nineteenth century and on into the twentieth century. Although Guadalajara's guilds were formally abolished with Independence, artisans persisted in traditional behaviors that encouraged the maintenance of an artisan culture, which with time took the place of guild regulations. Primary, this work is based on the statistical analysis of the 1791, 1821, and 1842 population censuses, complemented by municipal protocols.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1856
Format: Thesis

Title: The Boschlopers of New Netherland and the Iroquois, 1633-1664.
Creator: Romans, Timothy Reid, Gray, Edward, Herrera, Robinson, Childs, Matt, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study focuses on the Iroquois and the traders in New Netherland who perpetuated peaceful diplomatic exchange through the supply of contraband firearms and alcohol. These traders who traveled into the woods replaced the Dutch West India Company as the most common arbitrators between the Dutch and the Iroquois. Their actions not only kept the Dutch from losing the beaver trade to other colonial powers, but also ensured the existence of their communities through peace with the Iroquois....
Show moreThis study focuses on the Iroquois and the traders in New Netherland who perpetuated peaceful diplomatic exchange through the supply of contraband firearms and alcohol. These traders who traveled into the woods replaced the Dutch West India Company as the most common arbitrators between the Dutch and the Iroquois. Their actions not only kept the Dutch from losing the beaver trade to other colonial powers, but also ensured the existence of their communities through peace with the Iroquois. This study will reveal how the boschlopers mobilized their fellow colonists to smuggle large quantities of firearms and munitions to trade to the Iroquois. It will also reveal how a small number of these boschlopers rose to an elite status within their community through selling firearms and munitions to the Iroquois. This study will also illustrate how the trade alcohol allowed a broader base of colonists to become boschlopers, but this study will reveal how the elites used the legal system and fear of drunken Indians to defend their exclusive right to trade with the Iroquois. In addition, this study will also explore how the contraband trades led to the demise of zeewant as currency and as the medium of exchange between the Dutch and the Iroquois.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1840
Format: Thesis

Title: Creating Consumers: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Creator: Brock, Julia, Davis, Frederick R., Conner, V. J., Sinke, Suzanna, Stieglitz, Olaf, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: President Franklin Roosevelt created the CCC in 1933 as part of a series of New Deal legislation. Like other byproducts of the "first hundred days," Roosevelt and his administration intended the Corps to be a stimulant for the depressed economy. As historian Alan Brinkley argued, the early efforts of the New Deal were largely experimental, seeking to alleviate the wrecked economy, but also to reform the existing capitalist system. The CCC, like the other programs, was created by a breadth of...
Show morePresident Franklin Roosevelt created the CCC in 1933 as part of a series of New Deal legislation. Like other byproducts of the "first hundred days," Roosevelt and his administration intended the Corps to be a stimulant for the depressed economy. As historian Alan Brinkley argued, the early efforts of the New Deal were largely experimental, seeking to alleviate the wrecked economy, but also to reform the existing capitalist system. The CCC, like the other programs, was created by a breadth of government intervention that was, at the time, unprecedented. But unlike other programs that sought reform of institutions, the Corps sought reform of a particular demographic. And unlike other New Deal programs that created strong interest groups among previously weak political constituencies– workers, farmers, and women – the CCC sought to transform the lower-class young male enrollees into capitalist functionaries. Using Rocky Mountain National Park as a case study, the following thesis seeks to extend beyond the uncritical, oft-used narrative of the CCC as beneficent social tool and examine it through experiences of administrators, enrollees, and the landscape that played a central role in its existence. Through vocational and civic educational programs, a monthly paycheck, National Park work programs, and by incorporating perceived transforming aspects of the mountainous landscape, the CCC administration attempted to inculcate the enrollees into a specific, classist ideal of a male "citizen" – a male breadwinner who aided the nation through his ability to provide for and act as the primary consumer of his family unit. Although consumption habits of CCC enrollees remain elusive, it is clear by examining enrollee reactions that, among other things, they valued their newfound ability to spend freely and understood the leverage gained in local communities by their consumption habits.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3012
Format: Thesis

Title: Carrier Battles: Command Decision in Harm's Way.
Creator: Smith, Douglas Vaughn, Jones, James Pickett, Tatum, William J., Grant, Jonathan, Horward, Donald D., Sickinger, James, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation considers the transformation of the United States Navy from a defensive-minded coastal defense navy during the first century of this nation's history into an offensive-mindset, risk taking navy in the very early stages of World War II. More precisely, since none of the most significant leaders of the U.S. Navy in World War II were commissioned prior to the Spanish-American War and none participated in any significant offensive operations in the First World War, this...
Show moreThis dissertation considers the transformation of the United States Navy from a defensive-minded coastal defense navy during the first century of this nation's history into an offensive-mindset, risk taking navy in the very early stages of World War II. More precisely, since none of the most significant leaders of the U.S. Navy in World War II were commissioned prior to the Spanish-American War and none participated in any significant offensive operations in the First World War, this dissertation examines the premise that education, rather than experience in battle, accounts for that transformation. In evaluating this thesis this dissertation examines the five carrier battles of the Second World War to determine the extent to which the inter-war education of the major operational commanders translated into their decision processes, and the extent to which their interaction during their educational experiences transformed them from risk-adverse to risk-accepting in their operational concepts. Thus the title for my dissertation: Carrier Battles: Command Decision in Harm's Way. Almost all of the top-level leaders of the U.S. Navy in World War II had two things in common. They invariably graduated from the U. S. Naval Academy from 1904 through 1912, and from the U.S. Naval War College from 1923 through 1937. Thus none had any experience in the Spanish-American War, and, due primarily to lack of many opportunities for offensive action in the First World War, few had any real experience of consequence in that war either. The question that obviously springs to mind, then, is how did these top naval leaders, brought up in the culture of a Navy that had been developed as a coastal defense Service during the first hundred years of its existence, develop a risk-taking, offensive attitude without any real opportunity to refine the skills necessary for offensive operations save in the classroom? That has become the central theme around which this dissertation has been structured. In the formative stages of their education at the Naval Academy something profoundly influenced the Midshipmen in inculcating a long-term commitment to naval service. Though several formative events surround their socialization in the military, one in particular seems to stand out. That would be the realization of the position of the United States as a player on the world stage emanating from President Theodore Roosevelt's ordering of the "Great White Fleet" around the world in a cruise that marked the emergence of the United States in global politics. That event solidified in the Annapolis Midshipmen the realization of the role the U.S. Navy would of necessity play as America emerged from a survival instinct for isolation from European and world involvements to active participation in world affairs. Moreover, fortified by the naval theories of Alfred Thayer Mahan, the Officer candidates at Annapolis realized the geo-strategic implications of that participation. Of necessity, the U.S. Navy would spearhead U.S. global involvement, and by virtue of their eminent commissioning and potential for leadership positions in that Navy, their own destinies would be tied to that of United States global engagement. Several authors have speculated as to what accounts for the success of the U.S. Navy in World War II -- and particularly in the early stages of that war. Luck, naval war gaming at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, breaking of Japanese naval codes, and Divine Intervention have all been postulated as credible rationale for that success. Though all of these were important -- none can adequately account for the aggressive, risk-accepting decisions that the top U.S. Naval operational leaders were able to embrace. The institutionalized naval educational process stands out as enabling in their relationship to decisive decision and action and fundamental understanding among the leaders interacting in combat of what they could expect from those fighting with them. Foremost among these is the so-called "Green Hornet," -- so named because of the color of its binding, which provided an extremely concise and rote method for approaching and analyzing a problem and formulating a sound course of action appropriate to the situation at hand. Hence the actual title of the "Green Hornet," -- Sound Military Decision. The main thesis explored in this dissertation is that education rather than experience best accounts for U.S. Navy success in operations in World War II, and that Sound Military Decision can be appropriately established as the main element of that education which produced the success enjoyed. This thesis is evaluated by analyzing the naval decision process in the five carrier battles of the Second World War: The Battle of the Coral Sea; The Battle of Midway; The Battle of the Eastern Solomons; The Battle of Santa Cruz; and The Battle of the Philippine Sea. The institutions of higher education of the various Services today have deviated significantly and unacceptably from the successful approach they maintained during the inter-War period. Today's education for Officers is very descriptive with respect to theory, operational art, doctrine, technology, techniques and tactics, as opposed to a much more proscriptive and interactive (among students) approach employed between the World Wars. It is hoped that the research completed for this study might be a catalyst for consideration of a return to an approach to education that will more fully capture the essentials of confidence-building between and among students and promote unconventional thinking (in the current parlance, thinking "outside the box") that can refine approaches to warfare before rather than in the midst of battle. From a historical standpoint, this study is unlike any done previously in terms of both scope and methodology. Experienced editors of naval publications indicate that no one has previously published a book which covers all five carrier battles of the Second World War. All five carrier battles have been mentioned in books, but only briefly attendant to campaigns taking place on land. In terms of methodology, dissection of the naval decision process in battle in relation to specific educational objectives previously instilled in the naval leadership, this study is believed to be applicationally unique. Thus this study has been conducted in appreciation of the possibility of making a unique scholarly contribution to the field of Military History, and also Military Education.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0344
Format: Thesis

Title: Command and Control in the Peninsula: The Role of the British Cavalry 1808-1814.
Creator: Gerges, Mark T., Horward, Donald D., Hargreaves, Alec, Oldson, William O., Creswell, Michael, Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the utilization and effectiveness of the British cavalry during the Peninsular War. The accomplishments and reputation of the mounted arm has been in dispute since the end of the Napoleonic era, and no systematic study has been undertaken to either refute or support the various claims. Numerous books and articles have been written on the British cavalry under Sir John Moore and the Duke of Wellington. They tend towards two schools. In the first,...
Show moreThe purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the utilization and effectiveness of the British cavalry during the Peninsular War. The accomplishments and reputation of the mounted arm has been in dispute since the end of the Napoleonic era, and no systematic study has been undertaken to either refute or support the various claims. Numerous books and articles have been written on the British cavalry under Sir John Moore and the Duke of Wellington. They tend towards two schools. In the first, the cavalry could do no wrong-- gallantly charging against superior number, usually with the sun shining, reflecting off their sabers, and being successful everywhere is the core of this premise. The second tends towards examining the cavalry only during the major battles of the war, particularly the cavalry charges where the cavalry either had a spectacular success or failure. In this genre, the cavalry can often do nothing well, and the failure of the charge means the eternal condemnation of the branch. This dissertation attempts to fill in the gaps between these two extremes, examining the pre-war training, doctrine, officer education and selection as it pertains to the cavalry. With that base, systematically scrutinizing the organization and evaluating the effectiveness of the cavalry as an auxiliary arm will help to place their performance into the larger context of the operations of the British Army in the Peninsula. The charge, the quintessential aspect of cavalry, was but a small portion of the cavalryman's life. The cavalry, compared to the 18th century infantry, was more often on duty, facing a far-off enemy in lonely and monotonous outpost duty. This portion of the cavalryman's life, the daily vicissitudes of protecting the army and providing early warning of their opponent's action, has been too often missed in studies of the Peninsular War cavalry and yet forms the most important portion of their duties. The effectiveness of how the cavalry did this duty, as well as protecting the Anglo-Portuguese Army during advances and retreats, is the true essence of the role that cavalry provided to the army. The leadership of the cavalry also is normally painted in a broad brush of extremes—bravery and heroism; incompetence and stupidity. Officer education, duties expected of an officer, both field grade and general, are often ignored. The British Army of the Napoleonic Wars has been called the last of the Ancien Regime armies; patronage and purchase seemed more important than performance and study. However, the professionalism of the officer core that occurred during this period has rarely been applied to their operations in the field. When Great Britain deployed its small army to the Iberian Peninsula in 1808, it faced the most modern and effective army in Europe. That this small force was able to survive, grow, learn and finally contribute to the defeat of Napoleonic France is a testament to the officers and men who did take their profession seriously. The effectiveness of the British cavalry, and contribution it made should be placed into the context of the success of the Peninsular Army.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4345
Format: Thesis

Title: Men, Women and Children in the Stockade: How the People, the Press, and the Elected Officials of Florida Built a Prison System.
Creator: Holt, Anne Haw, Betten, Neil, Gussak, David, Jones, Maxine, Grant, Jonathon, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study examines form and change in the early development of the Florida prison system, especially the period from 1821 to 1925. I also examine influences on prison growth, including change in the state's economy and politics. I place particular emphasis on local and national pressures for change that government officials, the press and popular opinion demanded. That pressure occurred through statements published in newspapers, in speeches or letters to officials or through elected...
Show moreThis study examines form and change in the early development of the Florida prison system, especially the period from 1821 to 1925. I also examine influences on prison growth, including change in the state's economy and politics. I place particular emphasis on local and national pressures for change that government officials, the press and popular opinion demanded. That pressure occurred through statements published in newspapers, in speeches or letters to officials or through elected officials. "Men, Women and Children in the Stockade" includes a brief overview of the administrative practices followed in state prisons and jails throughout the American colonies and in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It will present the history of the early Florida prison system in its historical context. I have woven through the study consideration of how race and class affected actions and attitudes toward control of deviants. Specific chapters will examine how treatment of women and children evolved in Florida's early prisons and the use of the convict leasing system. Reports on how state officials and the public reacted to those practices are investigated. Official state records, newspaper reports, letters and other sources are examined to discover how the system adapted to deal with women, children and other special populations. Finally, and important to presenting a full and balanced portrayal of the development of the Florida prison system, available letters and testimony of prisoners and ex-prisoners are included. Evidence gathered from the above sources balance the voluminous papers and reports Florida officials created
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3801
Format: Thesis

Title: Preserver of the Press: The Historical Mission and Evolution of the Capital Outlook Newspaper.
Creator: Gordon, Yanela Natacha, Jones, Maxine D., Childs, Matthew D., Richardson, Joe M., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: On March 16, 1827, Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurm of New York, established Freedom's Journal, the nation's first African-American newspaper. This study explores the history of the Black Press in America and particularly the Capital Outlook, Tallahassee's only African-American owned newspaper. The Capital Outlook was established in 1975 and has existed under five-periods of ownership, spanning from 1975 until the present. Additionally, the study compares the development and mission of the...
Show moreOn March 16, 1827, Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurm of New York, established Freedom's Journal, the nation's first African-American newspaper. This study explores the history of the Black Press in America and particularly the Capital Outlook, Tallahassee's only African-American owned newspaper. The Capital Outlook was established in 1975 and has existed under five-periods of ownership, spanning from 1975 until the present. Additionally, the study compares the development and mission of the Capital Outlook to five founding principles for the Black Press as established by Cornish and Russwurm in 1827. The study uses newspapers and archival records as primary information sources. However, research is centered primarily around the oral history testimony of each of the Capital Outlook's owners, and subscribers who include long-time Tallahassee residents, as well as state, local and regional leaders. The results of this study are valuable because it 1) adds to the limited body of literature pertaining to the role, scope, and history of the Black Press in America, and especially Florida and other Southern states; 2) it encourages more empirical studies relating to the Black Press; 3) it gives credence to oral history testimonies as being a valid research and information gathering method; and 4) it encourages future studies regarding social histories, especially at the local and community level.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4125
Format: Thesis

Title: Emerging from the Shadows: The Life and Career of Arthur Annesley, Earl of Anglesey (1614-1686).
Creator: Hayes-Steuck, Rebecca Kathern, Garretson, Peter, Sommerville, C. John, Sickinger, James, Strait, Paul, Tatum, William J., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Arthur Annesley, earl of Anglesey, played an essential role in the English Restoration and was a prominent individual in Anglo-Irish politics before and after. He was one of the major figures who bridged the political divide between England and Ireland. His career spanned a period of some forty years. And yet he has received next to no attention from historians, compared with contemporaries such as Clarendon, Buckingham, and Arlington. Only a thirty-year-old study by Douglas Greene is devoted...
Show moreArthur Annesley, earl of Anglesey, played an essential role in the English Restoration and was a prominent individual in Anglo-Irish politics before and after. He was one of the major figures who bridged the political divide between England and Ireland. His career spanned a period of some forty years. And yet he has received next to no attention from historians, compared with contemporaries such as Clarendon, Buckingham, and Arlington. Only a thirty-year-old study by Douglas Greene is devoted to his life and career, which is showing its age as historians are devoting increasing attention to this era. The present dissertation will take a closer look at this essential figure in the light of new evidence and fresh perspectives. Recent scholarship, particularly religious studies, offers a more complete view of the Restoration. Prior to this, most assumed that Protestant dissenters were not a credible threat to the British government; however, scholars such as Richard Greaves proves this notion invalid. The dangers of nonconformity were quite real and those who supported dissenters, as Anglesey did, often paid the price politically. We know more now about the convoluted political relationships within a greater Britain, as a result of the work of Ronald Hutton, Jonathan Scott, Tim Harris, and Brendan Bradshaw, just to name a few. Older views of the Cabal government have been overturned. More awareness exists about Charles II's personal control over policy. Also, the inner workings of parliament are better understood, especially the use of crown managers within the house of lords. We are more curious about how Anglo-Irish politicians maintained their balance in the tricky conditions of the new British politics. For in comparison with more familiar periods of the Civil War or the Revolution, Anglesey's was a time of treacherous court intrigues, religious disappointment, and constitutional uncertainty. A broader theme is the complicated political relationship that existed between England and Ireland and how certain individuals, such as Anglesey, were able to sustain their political careers in both countries, though not without a certain amount of risk. Connected to this is the complex nature of Anglo-Irish politics and how political careers rose and fell depending on governmental factions and intrigues. The Anglo-Irish politicians, men who served both countries as Anglesey did, are crucial if we are to bring these kingdoms' histories closer together. Anglesey's connections with the nonconformist religious community in England and Ireland, primarily the Presbyterians, will also be examined to gain further insight into how these groups survived periods of persecution that occurred throughout the Restoration. Throughout his career, Anglesey was truly a political realist very cautious about making hard decisions, preferring to tread a moderate path, one which others followed during these tumultuous times. The one tendency that endangered that path was his sympathy for dissent, though he never went to any real extremes even with this personal belief. Indeed, Anglesey was one to push for "comprehension" rather than toleration. Survival meant compromise whether over political, religious, or personal issues and above all else the earl of Anglesey was a survivor. For most of his life Anglesey sought two goals, advancement for himself and for the Anglo-Irish interest. He helped steer Anglo-Irish politics through turbulent times like the Restoration, two Dutch wars, various plots and threats of rebellion, the Exclusion Crisis, and growing tensions between Court/Country factions and the king. His long career and contributions have been ignored for too long and it is time to bring Anglesey out of the shadows and onto history's center stage.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4183
Format: Thesis

Title: Glory Overshadowed: The Military Career of General Jean Boudet 1769-1809.
Creator: Fouché, Monica, Horward, Donald, Grant, Jonathan, Creswell, Michael, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis examines the military career of general of division Jean Boudet. Born in Bordeaux, France in February 1769, and he joined the French army in 1785. Boudet was released three years later. He volunteered for the army in 1792 and was sent to the Pyrenees to fight the Spanish. Just two years later, he was sent to the Caribbean to retake the French Antilles from the English. Boudet recaptured Guadeloupe from England in 1794 and by 1796 he had been promoted to general of division. Boudet...
Show moreThis thesis examines the military career of general of division Jean Boudet. Born in Bordeaux, France in February 1769, and he joined the French army in 1785. Boudet was released three years later. He volunteered for the army in 1792 and was sent to the Pyrenees to fight the Spanish. Just two years later, he was sent to the Caribbean to retake the French Antilles from the English. Boudet recaptured Guadeloupe from England in 1794 and by 1796 he had been promoted to general of division. Boudet returned to France in 1798 and was sent to Holland under Brune to fight a combined Russo-English force. Boudet found success at the battle of Castricum on 6 October 1799. He commanded a division in the Army of Reserve in 1800 and played a vital role in the French victory at Marengo on 14 June 1800. In early 1802, Boudet returned to the Caribbean as a part of the Leclerc expedition. He fought on both Saint-Domingue and returned briefly to Guadeloupe. By the end of 1802, he sailed back to France and avoided yellow fever that destroyed the majority of the expedition. Boudet was appointed to serve under Marmont in the invasion force against England. After its cancellation, Boudet was sent to Italy to create a new division that he would command. This division did not see action until 1807 in the siege of Colberg and the raising of Stralsund in July 1807. Early 1809, Boudet was sent to command a division in the observation corps of the Army of Germany. He defended Essling at the battle of Aspern-Essling on 21-22 May 1809. About six weeks later, he fought in his final battle at Wagram on 5-6 July 1809 where he lost his artillery to the numerical superiority of the Austrians on the second day. Boudet died on 14 September 1809 from gout. Boudet's military achievements have remained largely ignored. Most of the credit went to his superiors. This thesis strives not only to provide an accurate description of his life and battles, but to offer a new perspective into Boudet's talents as a general and the actions and roles that distinguished him.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4414
Format: Thesis

Title: "As Blond as Hitler": Positive Eugenics and Fatherhood in the Third Reich.
Creator: Carney, Amy Beth, Stoltzfus, Nathan, Grant, Jonathan, Childs, Matt, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In seeking to build the Thousand Year Reich, the German government under the administration of the National Socialist party constructed many different ideologies to create the foundation for its new community. Although not as highly prominent others, the ideology of fatherhood had a role in the formation of this state. Because of the scientific trends prevalent during the early to mid twentieth century, fatherhood at this time had a strong biological bent; men were mainly regarded as fathers...
Show moreIn seeking to build the Thousand Year Reich, the German government under the administration of the National Socialist party constructed many different ideologies to create the foundation for its new community. Although not as highly prominent others, the ideology of fatherhood had a role in the formation of this state. Because of the scientific trends prevalent during the early to mid twentieth century, fatherhood at this time had a strong biological bent; men were mainly regarded as fathers due to their reproductive contributions. Therefore, the Nazi government wanted to encourage each man to sustain his personal lineage because a healthy, burgeoning population would guarantee the longevity of the German nation founded by its leadership. In seeking a stronger and larger population, the Nazi party adopted a contemporary science movement: eugenics. The government divided people based on racial criteria, and the individuals whom it deemed most eligible to pass on their genes belonged to the "blond hair, blue eyed" Aryan race. After firmly establishing this archetype as the ultimate goal, the state had to disseminate this information to the general population and persuade these people to adopt this racial hierarchy willingly. It propagated this information through both formal education and direct contact with the German people through speeches and publications. This instruction served to inspire healthy citizens to have offspring who would strengthen the position of Germany through racial superiority. Of the male German population, the men who best personified the Aryan elite belonged to the Schutzstaffeln (SS). As the most unwavering followers of the Nazi party and Adolf Hitler, the soldiers of the SS provided the best paternal audience. The leader of the SS, Heinrich Himmler, sought to convince these men that their responsibilities included supplying the Third Reich with an abundance of racially healthy children. Himmler's directives and other documents substantiated this desire to encourage his men to reproduce copiously and to furnish Germany with a new aristocracy based on blood. Furthermore, the newspaper of the SS, Das Schwarze Korps, publicly correlated many of Himmler's perspectives. Articles, editorials, and letters encourage marriage, link SS men with images of healthy families, and promote fatherhood as a respectable and natural duty. Despite these efforts, the SS did not raise the birthrate in Germany, and the inability to produce enough children resulted in the failure of the eugenical measures. However, an investigation into the role of fatherhood during this era still addresses many historiographical issues. Beyond showing one way in which the Nazi government attempted to foster a new national community, it demonstrates the changing role of paternity throughout the twentieth century as well as merges with studies of German fatherhood in the post Second World War era. Examining fatherhood also explains the attempted application of eugenics to increase the population of a country. Finally, it dovetails with existing research on motherhood during the Third Reich, and therefore provides a more comprehensive understanding of familial life and parental relations during the reign of the Nazi regime.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4187
Format: Thesis

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