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- Title
- RESOURCE SCARCITIES AND FOREIGN CONFLICT OF MAJOR POWERS, 1925-1939.
- Creator
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ZUK, GARY., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Choucri and North are among the few foreign conflict analysts to systematically specify domestic and international determinants of major power international expansion and conflict. They argue that major powers characterized by a growing population, technology, and military capability along with an increasing reliance upon external supplies of raw materials, when denied access to such products will acquire sovereignity over resource producing territories and in the process become more conflict...
Show moreChoucri and North are among the few foreign conflict analysts to systematically specify domestic and international determinants of major power international expansion and conflict. They argue that major powers characterized by a growing population, technology, and military capability along with an increasing reliance upon external supplies of raw materials, when denied access to such products will acquire sovereignity over resource producing territories and in the process become more conflict oriented than their major power counterparts., This perspective is both plausible and well rooted in the literature. However, because Choucri and North omitted the key resource scarcity concept from their model they were unable to directly evaluate their thesis. Consequently, its reassessment is justified and necessary., The period chosen for this purpose, the interwar years, was selected for several reasons. First, foreign policy analysts have long argued that strategic material shortages played a crucial part in the territorial expansion and foreign conflict directed plans and policies of Italy, and especially Germany and Japan during the time. Second, Choucri and North consider the period a legitimate and intriguing testing ground for their thesis. Finally, empirically oriented foreign conflict analysts have largely overlooked the period. Not much is known, then, about the foreign conflict dynamics of the major powers during the period., It was found that the territorial expanding and foreign conflict-oriented powers had international access to needed resources (especially petroleum) but chose to acquire territories and wage interstate conflict in any event. Yet these territories could do little to satisfy the resource needs of the expanding powers. Indeed the most important international strategic material suppliers were sovereign nations, notably the United States, and the Soviet Union, whose products were all too readily available to the expanding powers. Consequently, the Choucri-North framework, with its emphasis upon resource shortages being the catalyst of international expansion and conflict, does not advance our understanding of the major power international expansion and conflict dynamics in the period between the First and Second World Wars.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1983, 1983
- Identifier
- AAI8329431, 3085688, FSDT3085688, fsu:75178
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- FREENESS OF HOPF ALGEBRAS OVER GROUPLIKE SUBALGEBRAS.
- Creator
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ZOELLER, MARTHA BETTINA., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Throughout, H is a Hopf algebra over a field k of characteristic p, G(H) is the group of grouplikes of H and L is any subgroup of G(H). We denote the antipode of H by S. We investigate the freeness of Hopf algebras as modules over their group algebras of grouplikes., In chapter II we consider semisimple group algebras kL. We prove that for finite dimensional H all nonzero objects in the category (' )(, ) of left (H,kL)-Hopf modules are free kL-modules. We also prove this in the case when S('2...
Show moreThroughout, H is a Hopf algebra over a field k of characteristic p, G(H) is the group of grouplikes of H and L is any subgroup of G(H). We denote the antipode of H by S. We investigate the freeness of Hopf algebras as modules over their group algebras of grouplikes., In chapter II we consider semisimple group algebras kL. We prove that for finite dimensional H all nonzero objects in the category (' )(, ) of left (H,kL)-Hopf modules are free kL-modules. We also prove this in the case when S('2) = id. Hence, for a finite dimensional H, the number of one-dimensional ideals divides the dimension of H and the order of S divides 4(.)dimension of H., In chapter III we prove that a finite dimensional H is a free k-module for any g (ELEM) G(H), even if p divides the order of g. Further we establish that a finite dimensional H is a free kL-module if and only if H is a free kA-module for any elementary abelian p-subgroup A of L., In chapter IV we prove that a finite dimensional H over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p is a free kL-module, if H does not contain any simple subcoalgebra of dimension (lp)('2) for any natural number 1 (GREATERTHEQ) 2. Further we construct an example of an infinite dimensional H showing that not all objects in (' )(, ) are free kL-modules. Finally we show that any infinite dimensional H is a free kL-module, if L is an infinite group which contains no nontrivial finite subgroup. Also, if the dimension of H equals the dimension of the coradical of H, then H is a free module over any of its semisimple group algebras k where g (ELEM) G(H).
Show less - Date Issued
- 1985, 1985
- Identifier
- AAI8605802, 3086283, FSDT3086283, fsu:75766
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESES OF SEVERAL MORPHINE ALKALOID ANALOGUES.
- Creator
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ZODA, MICHAEL FRANCIS., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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N-Ethoxycarbonyl-5'-hydroxynorreticuline (1) was oxidized with vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl(,3)) to give the para-ortho coupled N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxynorsalutaridine (2) in 55% yield., Dienone 2 was converted into N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxynorthebaine (3) in 47% yield. Hydrolysis of 3 gave an 85% yield of N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxynorcodeinone (4) which upon reduction produced ((+OR-))-2-hydroxycodeine (5)., Reaction of the protected thebaine analogue 6 with singlet oxygen generated the...
Show moreN-Ethoxycarbonyl-5'-hydroxynorreticuline (1) was oxidized with vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl(,3)) to give the para-ortho coupled N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxynorsalutaridine (2) in 55% yield., Dienone 2 was converted into N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxynorthebaine (3) in 47% yield. Hydrolysis of 3 gave an 85% yield of N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxynorcodeinone (4) which upon reduction produced ((+OR-))-2-hydroxycodeine (5)., Reaction of the protected thebaine analogue 6 with singlet oxygen generated the protected 2,14-dihydroxynorcodeinone derivative 7. Selective dehydroxylation with concurrent double bond reduction gave the known N-ethoxycarbonylnoroxycodone (8); subsequent hydrolysis of 8 then concluded the total synthesis of ((+OR-))-noroxycodone (9).
Show less - Date Issued
- 1981, 1981
- Identifier
- AAI8113273, 3084904, FSDT3084904, fsu:74402
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- THE DISTRIBUTION AND DEPTH OF CONVECTIVE CLOUDS OVER THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC OCEAN, AS DETERMINED FROM METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE AND OTHER DATA.
- Creator
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ZIPSER, EDWARD J., The Florida State University
- Date Issued
- 1965, 1965
- Identifier
- AAI6605463, 2985446, FSDT2985446, fsu:69955
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- DEVELOPMENT OF A VALID AND RELIABLE INSTRUMENT TO IDENTIFY A PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF ADULT EDUCATION.
- Creator
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ZINN, LORRAINE MARIE., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study resulted in a valid and reliable instrument that identifies an individual's personal philosophy of adult education. The Philosophy of Adult Education Inventory yields scores which categorize an individual's personal philosophy of adult education with respect to five prevailing adult education philosophies: Liberal, Behaviorist, Progressive, Humanistic, and Radical. Support for the need for adult educators to identify their personal education philosophy was offered from literature...
Show moreThis study resulted in a valid and reliable instrument that identifies an individual's personal philosophy of adult education. The Philosophy of Adult Education Inventory yields scores which categorize an individual's personal philosophy of adult education with respect to five prevailing adult education philosophies: Liberal, Behaviorist, Progressive, Humanistic, and Radical. Support for the need for adult educators to identify their personal education philosophy was offered from literature which included adult education, educational philosophy, values clarification, organizational development, and human resource development and training., The Inventory was field-tested by 78 individuals over a period of ten months. After revision, it was tested for content and construct validity, internal consistency, and stability. Content validity was establiched by a jury of six individuals; construct validity was established through factor analysis. Data for factor analysis and reliability testing were obtained from 86 individuals from six states and the District of Columbia. Internal consistency and test retest stability were determined based on Pearson product moment correlations for individual response options, items, and overall scales. The instrument was judged to have a fairly high degree of validity, based on jury mean scores of > .50 (on a 7-point scale) on 93% of the response options and communality coefficients of > .50 on 87% of the response options. Reliability coefficients of > .40 on 87% of the response options and alpha coefficients ranging from .75 to .86 on the five scales were considered measures of moderate to high reliability. Test-retest data were judged unreliable due to the small size of the sample (n = 8); however, retest data did show a tendency toward moderate to high reliability (r of .48 to .83) for the five scales., The Philosophy of Adult Education Inventory was designed to assist the adult educator to begin a process of philosophical inquiry which will potentially result in greater effectiveness in selecting instructional content; establishing teaching and learning objectives; selecting and/or developing instructional materials; interacting with learners; and evaluating educational outcomes.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1983, 1983
- Identifier
- AAI8323851, 3085619, FSDT3085619, fsu:75111
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- LITURGICAL MUSIC ARRANGED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF GRADES SEVEN, EIGHT, AND NINE SINGING GROUPS IN CATHOLIC PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS OF FLORIDA. (PARTS I AND II).
- Creator
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ZINGALE, JOSEPH LAWRENCE., The Florida State University
- Date Issued
- 1958, 1958
- Identifier
- AAI5805999, 2984837, FSDT2984837, fsu:69277
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF STUDENTS' SELF-CONCEPT OF WRITING ABILITY ON THEIR WRITING PROCESSES AND WRITING ACHIEVEMENT: CASE STUDIES OF ELEVEN BLACK COLLEGE FRESHMEN.
- Creator
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ZIMMERMAN, JUNE WOODARD., The Florida State University
- Date Issued
- 1977, 1977
- Identifier
- AAI7808979, 2988848, FSDT2988848, fsu:73355
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- RESONANCE RAMAN STUDIES OF THE INTERMEDIATES OF THE CATALYTIC CYCLES OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE: COMPARISON OF COMPOUND III TO OXYMYOGLOBIN (HEME PROTEINS, OXIDASE, STOPPED-FLOW).
- Creator
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ZIMMER, JOHN RAYMOND., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Resonance Raman spectroscopy and cryoenzymology have been combined to study the structures of intermediates in the peroxidase and oxidase pathways of HRP. The intermediates compound I, II, and III, have been stabilized at subzero temperatures in buffered methanol solutions. Vibrational spectra of the heme group of compounds II and III have been obtained by excitation in the vicinity of the B and Q transitions of the heme. The resultant spectra contain bands whose frequencies reveal the...
Show moreResonance Raman spectroscopy and cryoenzymology have been combined to study the structures of intermediates in the peroxidase and oxidase pathways of HRP. The intermediates compound I, II, and III, have been stabilized at subzero temperatures in buffered methanol solutions. Vibrational spectra of the heme group of compounds II and III have been obtained by excitation in the vicinity of the B and Q transitions of the heme. The resultant spectra contain bands whose frequencies reveal the structure and coordination properties of the heme group in each catalytic intermediate. A comparison of these results with those for Mb, particularly between oxy-Mb and Compound III, reveal substantial differences in the low frequency regions (200 to 800 cm('-1)) and small differences in the high frequency skeletal modes., Comparing these differences to model compounds, especially the isotopically sensitive Fe-O(,2) mode at 570 cm('-1) in Mb and 559 cm('-1) in compound III, demonstrates that the functional differences between these two proteins lies in the disposition of the proximal imidazole relative to the heme plane.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1984, 1984
- Identifier
- AAI8503171, 3085979, FSDT3085979, fsu:75465
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF IRAN.
- Creator
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ZIAII-BIGDELI, TAGHI., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study seeks to analyze the dynamics of decentralization in Iran and explore the nature of its connection to the socio-economic development structures of the provinces. The choice of this problem was made on the basis of the theoretical and policy significance. Its main theoretical concern is an explanation of the underlying aspects of decentralization which has been defined as the extent to which the province has the capacity to perform functions and services relevant to its needs. This...
Show moreThis study seeks to analyze the dynamics of decentralization in Iran and explore the nature of its connection to the socio-economic development structures of the provinces. The choice of this problem was made on the basis of the theoretical and policy significance. Its main theoretical concern is an explanation of the underlying aspects of decentralization which has been defined as the extent to which the province has the capacity to perform functions and services relevant to its needs. This study emphasizes the structural requirements of decentralization and hypothesizes that it is a function of the province's level of socio-economic development., From the policy point of view, this research examines the problem of how much local autonomy the provinces should have based on their capacity to govern and how functions and services could be reasonably allocated between the national and local government. A selective scheme of decentralization which differentiates degrees of autonomy on the basis of the varying conditions in the provinces is proposed as an alternative to the present system which prescribes universal and uniform standards for local governments regardless of their institutional and resource capabilities., Twenty-four variables from aggregate data for 1976 on the provinces based on per capita were utilized for two factor analysis programs to deliniate the major aspects of decentralization and development. The factors which emerged as underlying decentralization are: Local Government and Social Services. Likewise, three factors characterize provincial socio-economic development: Urbanization, Rural Employment, and Regionalization. The real factors which form the basis of both the decentralization and development phenomena are far more complex than revealed in this study and would include great number of variables some of which could be defined only through intuition, insight, or contextual analysis of social reality in Iran., Through multiple regression analysis, the decentralization aspects were predicted by the development variables. Local Government was predicted highly by Rural Employment, and Social Services was not so highly correlated with the three development factors. The overall relationship between decentralization and development was somewhat moderate with 42% of the variance in the decentralization aspect explained by development aspects. Also, the findings of the study support the minor hypothesis on the positive connection between distance and decentralization and development., The dissertation also focuses on the experiences of decentralization in provinces and various policies which were introduced in the developmental plans. But at the end we found that decentralization has had limited success. And in particular in the current circumstances in Iran, regarding the various conflicts between the hard-line clergymen and moderates, autonomy-seeking ethnic groups and the central government, and above all the war with Iraq which began in mid-September 1980 and still going on, the accomplishment of policies concerning decentralization is in doubt., The study concludes that decentralization is not a panacea for the malfunctioning of political institutions but it is only one of a number of options that could contribute to popular participation, equity, social responsiveness, and similar goals.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1981, 1981
- Identifier
- AAI8118525, 3084940, FSDT3084940, fsu:74438
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RETURNING AND NON-RETURNING STUDENTS FROM IRAN AND NIGERIA STUDYING IN THE UNITED STATES.
- Creator
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ZIAII-BIGDELI, MOHAMMAD., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The migration of "human resources" from developing to developed countries can be an impediment to the developmental process of the sending nation. Students studying in the United States contribute to this problem, as large numbers of these students fail to return home when their studies finish., This study attempted to discover the reasons that Iranian and Nigerian students studying in three Florida universities either return home or remain in the United States upon completion of their...
Show moreThe migration of "human resources" from developing to developed countries can be an impediment to the developmental process of the sending nation. Students studying in the United States contribute to this problem, as large numbers of these students fail to return home when their studies finish., This study attempted to discover the reasons that Iranian and Nigerian students studying in three Florida universities either return home or remain in the United States upon completion of their studies. Also, a model was devised to attempt to examine and predict the decision-making process of these students., Findings of this study are: (1) The majority of Iranian students (52%) planned to stay in the United States temporarily due to mixed feelings toward the home country's situation. (2) Iranian students who planned to remain in the United States permanently (16.8%) emphasized economic and employment opportunities, and were married to American citizens. (3) Iranian students who planned to return home immediately (24.2%) when their studies are finished had high family and personal commitments at home. (4) Most Nigerian students planned to return home (70.8%) due to job guarantees at home. (5) Nigerian students who planned to remain in the United States temporarily did so because of enjoyment of the American lifestyle versus that of the home country. (6) Only one Nigerian student planned to remain in the United States permanently. His reason could not be distinguished from an analysis of the group., Based on these findings, proper recommendations and policy implications were suggested to curb or at least reduce the number of students from both sending countries in the United States.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1982, 1982
- Identifier
- AAI8228133, 3085386, FSDT3085386, fsu:74881
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- La communaute des femmes dans "Le Livre des Trois Vertus" de Christine de Pizan.
- Creator
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Zhang, Xiangyun., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
-
Christine de Pizan, in several of her works, showed her effort to create a community of women which is the symbol of the united force from all women. In Le Livre des Trois Vertus, the community of women has the image of fortress where the members of the Cite are well protected against the attacks from anti-feminists., In "La communaute des femmes dans Le Livre des Trois Vertus de Christine de Pizan", I first analyze the historical and literary context in which Christine decided to defend...
Show moreChristine de Pizan, in several of her works, showed her effort to create a community of women which is the symbol of the united force from all women. In Le Livre des Trois Vertus, the community of women has the image of fortress where the members of the Cite are well protected against the attacks from anti-feminists., In "La communaute des femmes dans Le Livre des Trois Vertus de Christine de Pizan", I first analyze the historical and literary context in which Christine decided to defend women's interests in her writing. In this context we see the origin of her idea of the community of women., The second chapter demonstrates Christine's effort to establish her authority as well as that of the community of women. As a woman writer, she had to establish her authority in literary tradition dominated by male writers. Christine appealed to divine authority by following the example of Saint Augustine, author of the Cite de Dieu (c. 427), and by obeying the three goddesses who gave her the right to use her pen to educate women and to create the community of women in Le Livre des Trois Vertus (1405)., In the third chapter, I examine how Christine, by redefining the role of women in society, and by reorganizing relationships between women, succeeded in reinforcing the union of the community of women., In chapter four, the study of the transplantation of the letter of Sebile de la Tour (originally composed in Le Livre du Duc des Vrais Amans 1405) into Le Livre des Trois Vertus supports the contention that Christine de Pizan, by combining two different genres (romance and essay), established a connection between literature and real life, made the courtesy lyric useful for women's moral education. Christine practiced the genre of romance (which had been always dominated by male writers) to defend women's interest in love and to provide a mirror for the community of women.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1994, 1994
- Identifier
- AAI9517971, 3088540, FSDT3088540, fsu:77342
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- FUZZY RELATIONAL DATA BASES.
- Creator
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ZEMANKOVA-LEECH, MARIA., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Much of human reasoning deals with imprecise, incomplete or vague information. However, the currently available commercial data base management systems handle only "exact" data items. Therefore, there is a need for an information system that allows representation and manipulation of imprecise information. Furthermore, it is desirable that an information system provides means for "individualization" of data to reflect the user's perception of data., The proposed Fuzzy Relational Data Base ...
Show moreMuch of human reasoning deals with imprecise, incomplete or vague information. However, the currently available commercial data base management systems handle only "exact" data items. Therefore, there is a need for an information system that allows representation and manipulation of imprecise information. Furthermore, it is desirable that an information system provides means for "individualization" of data to reflect the user's perception of data., The proposed Fuzzy Relational Data Base (FRDB) model based on the research in the fields of relational data bases and theories of fuzzy sets and possibility is designed to satisfy the need for individualization and imprecise information processing. A commercial relational data base (RIM) is used as a host for the implementation of a FRDB system to demonstrate the feasibility of the model.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1983, 1983
- Identifier
- AAI8404766, 3085751, FSDT3085751, fsu:75239
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- THE EFFECT OF SELECTED EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION ON STUDENT MASTERY OF A MATHEMATICS RULE.
- Creator
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ZEH, BRENDA SUE., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of selected events of instruction included in an instructional program and the proportion of students reaching mastery of the rule for dividing mixed fractions., Seventy students from fifth through eighth grades who scored 80% or higher on an entry test and below 80% on a pretest were stratified by grade and sex and randomly assigned to the treatment groups. Group 1, the control group, received a statement of the...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of selected events of instruction included in an instructional program and the proportion of students reaching mastery of the rule for dividing mixed fractions., Seventy students from fifth through eighth grades who scored 80% or higher on an entry test and below 80% on a pretest were stratified by grade and sex and randomly assigned to the treatment groups. Group 1, the control group, received a statement of the objective, the stimulus, and assessment. Groups 2, 3, and 4, the experimental groups, received the successively added independent variable events of providing learner guidance, stimulating recall of prerequisite skills, and practice and feedback. The dependent variables were the proportion of students who scored 80% or better on the posttest, which was given immediately following the treatment, and the retention test, which was administered one week following the treatment., Chi-square analysis of the data revealed no differences among the groups on either the posttest or retention test. Further analysis revealed no differences in performance across treatments or within any particular treatment groups due to sex or grade of the subjects. The sequential addition of learner guidance, recall of prerequisite skill, and practice and feedback to instructional programs did not affect the proportion of students who reached mastery of the rule for dividing mixed fractions.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1982, 1982
- Identifier
- AAI8309287, 3085518, FSDT3085518, fsu:75010
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- INTENTION OF PROSPECTIVE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA, TO TEACH POPULATION EDUCATION.
- Creator
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ZAMRONI., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study attempted to examine a model of intention to teach population education, through the use of path analysis, a method which is able to decompose into direct and indirect effects the effects of exogenous and endogenous variables on the dependent variable., In the model, college differentiations, individual modernity, influence of parent, and influence of peer group were treated as exogenous variables which affect the trainees' intention to teach population education indirectly through...
Show moreThis study attempted to examine a model of intention to teach population education, through the use of path analysis, a method which is able to decompose into direct and indirect effects the effects of exogenous and endogenous variables on the dependent variable., In the model, college differentiations, individual modernity, influence of parent, and influence of peer group were treated as exogenous variables which affect the trainees' intention to teach population education indirectly through a set of endogenous variables: self-concept of ability, attitude, and normative belief weighted by motivation to comply in teaching population education., A sample of 480 trainees was selected purposively from 10 teacher training institutes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire., The findings of the study suggest that trainees' intention to teach population education is directly affected by their attitude toward teaching population education and their normative belief weighted by motivation to comply in teaching population education. It was found that the effect of the attitude variable was stronger than that of the normative belief variable. In addition, attitude was affected by college differentiations, individual modernity, influence of parent, and influence of peer group. Normative belief weighted by motivation to comply in teaching population education was directly and positively affected by college differentiation, individual modernity, self-concept of ability, and influence of peer group. Self-concept of ability to teach population education was directly and positively affected by influence of parent and influence of peer group. This study confirms that any external variable indirectly influences intention to teach population education through either attitude toward teaching population education or normative belief weighted by motivation to comply in teaching population education, or both.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1985, 1985
- Identifier
- AAI8602883, 3086222, FSDT3086222, fsu:75705
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- RADIATION DAMAGE OF DNA CONSTITUENTS: ESR STUDY OF THE ADENOSINE: 5-IODOURACIL COCRYSTAL.
- Creator
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ZAMORANO, RAFAEL., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
-
Single cocrystals of adenosine:5-iodouracil and partially deuterated adenosine:5-iodouracil were irradiated at 4.2K, 77K, and 300K with X-rays from a 3Mev Van de Graaff electron accelerator. Several types of free radicals were produced by the radiation and were studied by X-Band and Q-Band ESR from 77K to 300K. Six radicals were identified. Two electron addition products (radicals I1 and As1) and one electron abstraction product (radical I2) are stabilized at 77K. At room temperature two...
Show moreSingle cocrystals of adenosine:5-iodouracil and partially deuterated adenosine:5-iodouracil were irradiated at 4.2K, 77K, and 300K with X-rays from a 3Mev Van de Graaff electron accelerator. Several types of free radicals were produced by the radiation and were studied by X-Band and Q-Band ESR from 77K to 300K. Six radicals were identified. Two electron addition products (radicals I1 and As1) and one electron abstraction product (radical I2) are stabilized at 77K. At room temperature two hydrogen addition radicals (I3 and As2) and a "singlet" radical (As3) are stabilized. Upon annealing to 165K after low temperature irradiation, radicals I1 and I2 decay to nonparamagnetic species. Radical As1 remains stable from 77K to 240K. From 240K to 300K the As1 radical decays and radicals As2 and I3 gradually grow in. Irradiation and observation at room temperature produces predominantly a "singlet" radical (As3). The electron addition radical, I1, is a (sigma)*-type radical that presents the unpaired electon spin density localized mainly on the iodine atom. This radical does not de-halogenate, to produce the reactive uracilyl radical, but instead it decays into a non paramagnetic species when annealed from 77K to 300K. The low temperature radical population obtained in this cocrystal and the subsequent radical reactions upon annealing, contradict the hypothesis that, in the presence of purine:pyrimidine stacking interactions, electrons are transfered to the pyrimidines while holes are transfered to the purines.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1986, 1986
- Identifier
- AAI8616915, 3086347, FSDT3086347, fsu:75830
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES VERSUS STUDY QUESTIONS ON LEARNING OF UNDERGRADUATE SAUDI ARABIAN BIOLOGY STUDENTS.
- Creator
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ZAKARI, OMAR MOHAMMAD MADANI., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study was designed to ascertain the effects of specific behavioral objectives versus study questions on learning of undergraduate biology students. Three hypotheses were generated: (1) the use of study questions facilitates learning from written instructional materials, (2) if two groups are differentially exposed to either a list of specific behavioral objectives or a list of study questions based on those objectives, the group with study questions will show a greater increase in...
Show moreThis study was designed to ascertain the effects of specific behavioral objectives versus study questions on learning of undergraduate biology students. Three hypotheses were generated: (1) the use of study questions facilitates learning from written instructional materials, (2) if two groups are differentially exposed to either a list of specific behavioral objectives or a list of study questions based on those objectives, the group with study questions will show a greater increase in learning than the group receiving behavioral objectives, and (3) a combination of specific behavioral objectives and study questions will result in more learning than either specific behavioral objectives or study questions presented alone. To test these hypotheses an experiment was conducted. Eighty-two freshmen biology students in Saudi Arabia were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) Group A, specific behavioral objectives and study questions together, (2) Group B, study questions alone, (3) Group C, specific behavioral objectives alone, and (4) Group D, which served as a control group and used none of the strategies., Three analysis of covariance were selected to test the hypotheses using the high school biology scores, the general achievement scores, and the pretest scores as covariates., There was conclusive evidence in support of all hypotheses. Students with study questions (i.e., Groups A and B) performed significantly higher than students without study questions (i.e., Groups C and D) on a posttest given during the last day of instruction and on a retention test given a week later. It was concluded that study questions should be employed as a preinstructional strategy.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1982, 1982
- Identifier
- AAI8314417, 3085562, FSDT3085562, fsu:75054
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- MEGARGEE'S MMPI-BASED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR CRIMINAL OFFENDERS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION TO DETERMINE IF MMPI TYPE HOW IS IN NEED OF SUBCLASSIFICATION.
- Creator
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ZAGER, LYNNE DONNA., Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The MMPI-based typology, developed by Megargee and his associates, classifies criminal offenders and makes recommendations for the management and treatment of the ten types. Recently, several authorities suggested that type How, which is considered the most pathological group, is heterogeneous consisting of "neurotic" and "psychotic" subtypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate this notion empirically., The MMPI profiles of 155 men (X age = 22.3) incarcerated at(' )a medium security...
Show moreThe MMPI-based typology, developed by Megargee and his associates, classifies criminal offenders and makes recommendations for the management and treatment of the ten types. Recently, several authorities suggested that type How, which is considered the most pathological group, is heterogeneous consisting of "neurotic" and "psychotic" subtypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate this notion empirically., The MMPI profiles of 155 men (X age = 22.3) incarcerated at(' )a medium security federal correctional institution were subclassified by three clinicians into: "neurotic-like" (HowN: negatively sloped) and "psychotic-like" (HowP: positively sloped) subgroups. Comparing this clinical method of profile differentiation with five more objective procedures found in the literature, similar results were observed. This supported the reliability of the clinicians' ratings., Next, the proposed subtypes were compared with t-tests on six dependent variables measuring institutional adjustment and three measures of recidivism to determine if they differed in behavior. The two subgroups were also compared with the other nine MMPI types (N = 1009) using Duncan's ranges. These analyses were calculated based on flexible sorting criteria which produced more general subgroups, and stringent criteria which produced extreme subgroups. The subgroups differed significantly on some measures. However, the results were not considered consistent or substantial enough to recommend a subdivision., The third phase of this investigation considered conceptual issues. The subtypes were compared using t-tests and were also compared with the other nine MMPI types on eleven variables measuring background, demographic characteristics and psychological test results. Using the general and extreme subgroups, similar results were observed. Although significant differences were obtained on some measures, the similarities between the subgroups outweighed the differences. Differential treatment strategies for each type was not considered necessary, but some fine-tuning was suggested., While clinicians could subclassify MMPI profiles into subtypes reliably, the major conclusion was type How is not in need of subdivision since the proposed subtypes did not differ in their behavior. The empirical procedures used to develop the typology appeared sound. Therefore, future investigators should complete an exercise such as this one before recommending a subdivision in an existing type or the addition of a new type of the system.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1981, 1981
- Identifier
- AAI8125796, 3085054, FSDT3085054, fsu:74552
- Format
- Document (PDF)