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Title
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Thinking fast, not slow: How cognitive biases may contribute to racial disparities in the use of force in police-citizen encounters.
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Creator
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Mears, Daniel P., Craig, Miltonette O., Stewart, Eric A., Warren, Patricia Y.
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Abstract/Description
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Purpose: To illuminate how racial disparities in police use of force may arise and to guide research aimed at explaining such disparities. Methods: We draw on research on policing, racial disparities in criminal justice, and cognitive bias and decision making to argue that police-citizen encounters require rapid assessments that demand reliance on cognitive “shortcuts,” or heuristics, that may influence the use of force. Results: When cognitive shortcuts rely on biases about the dangerousness...
Show morePurpose: To illuminate how racial disparities in police use of force may arise and to guide research aimed at explaining such disparities. Methods: We draw on research on policing, racial disparities in criminal justice, and cognitive bias and decision making to argue that police-citizen encounters require rapid assessments that demand reliance on cognitive “shortcuts,” or heuristics, that may influence the use of force. Results: When cognitive shortcuts rely on biases about the dangerousness of racial minorities, they can con-tribute to disparities in the use of force. These biases may interact with those that citizens hold, which creates a greater potential for disparities. In addition, biases of officers and citizens may be influenced by such factors as officer training, social context, and reaction time. Conclusions: Research is needed that identifies cognitive shortcuts used during police-citizen encounters, con-ditions under which they are activated, and strategies for minimizing their role in contributing to racial dis-parities in the use of force.
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Date Issued
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2017-09-17
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Identifier
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FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1548708820_1bd6b056, 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.09.001
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Format
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Citation
