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Title
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Thinking fast, not slow: How cognitive biases may contribute to racial disparities in the use of force in police-citizen encounters.
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Creator
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Mears, Daniel P., Craig, Miltonette O., Stewart, Eric A., Warren, Patricia Y.
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Abstract/Description
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Purpose: To illuminate how racial disparities in police use of force may arise and to guide research aimed at explaining such disparities. Methods: We draw on research on policing, racial disparities in criminal justice, and cognitive bias and decision making to argue that police-citizen encounters require rapid assessments that demand reliance on cognitive “shortcuts,” or heuristics, that may influence the use of force. Results: When cognitive shortcuts rely on biases about the dangerousness...
Show morePurpose: To illuminate how racial disparities in police use of force may arise and to guide research aimed at explaining such disparities. Methods: We draw on research on policing, racial disparities in criminal justice, and cognitive bias and decision making to argue that police-citizen encounters require rapid assessments that demand reliance on cognitive “shortcuts,” or heuristics, that may influence the use of force. Results: When cognitive shortcuts rely on biases about the dangerousness of racial minorities, they can con-tribute to disparities in the use of force. These biases may interact with those that citizens hold, which creates a greater potential for disparities. In addition, biases of officers and citizens may be influenced by such factors as officer training, social context, and reaction time. Conclusions: Research is needed that identifies cognitive shortcuts used during police-citizen encounters, con-ditions under which they are activated, and strategies for minimizing their role in contributing to racial dis-parities in the use of force.
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Date Issued
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2017-09-17
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Identifier
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FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1548708820_1bd6b056, 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.09.001
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Format
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Citation
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Title
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Interracial Contact and Fear of Crime.
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Creator
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Mears, Daniel P., Stewart, Eric A.
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Abstract/Description
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Despite a large literature on public views about crime, the racialization of crime, and the contact hypothesis, surprisingly little is known about how interracial friendships may influence Whites’ fear of crime. At the same time, and perhaps because no counterpart stereotype to that of “Blacks as criminals” exists, there has been little exploration of how such contact may influence Blacks’ fear of crime. To address these research gaps, this study built on prior theory and research and used...
Show moreDespite a large literature on public views about crime, the racialization of crime, and the contact hypothesis, surprisingly little is known about how interracial friendships may influence Whites’ fear of crime. At the same time, and perhaps because no counterpart stereotype to that of “Blacks as criminals” exists, there has been little exploration of how such contact may influence Blacks’ fear of crime. To address these research gaps, this study built on prior theory and research and used data from an ABC News and Washington Post poll to test competing hypotheses about the effect of interracial contact on Whites’ and Blacks’ fear of crime, respectively. The analyses revealed that close interracial friendships are associated with increased fear of crime among Whites, decreased fear of crime among lower-income Blacks, and increased fear among higher-income Blacks. The implications for theory and research are discussed.
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Date Issued
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2010-01-01
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Identifier
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FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1464279389, 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.11.005
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Format
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Citation
