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Activity-Dependent Regulation of Calcium and Ribosomes in the Chick Cochlear Nucleus
Title
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Calcium and Ribosomes in the Chick Cochlear Nucleus.
Creator
Call, Cody, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Cochlea removal results in the death of 20-30% of neurons in nucleus magnocellularis (NM), a cochlear nucleus of the chick auditory system involved in the precise time-coding of acoustic signals. Within 1 hr of deafferentation, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) rises by up to 400% while the integrity of ribosomes begins to decline—two potentially cytotoxic events. Glutamatergic axons of the auditory nerve have been shown to maintain NM neuron health by activating group I and II...
Show moreCochlea removal results in the death of 20-30% of neurons in nucleus magnocellularis (NM), a cochlear nucleus of the chick auditory system involved in the precise time-coding of acoustic signals. Within 1 hr of deafferentation, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) rises by up to 400% while the integrity of ribosomes begins to decline—two potentially cytotoxic events. Glutamatergic axons of the auditory nerve have been shown to maintain NM neuron health by activating group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), maintaining normal [Ca2+]i and ribosomal integrity. This study aimed to determine how [Ca2+]i and ribosomal integrity are maintained by auditory nerve stimulation by selectively blocking group I mGluRs with AIDA and group II mGluRs with LY 341495 during unilateral auditory nerve stimulation. The abundance of Ca2+ in NM neurons was quantified using in vitro fura-2 ratiometric calcium imaging, while ribosomal integrity was assayed in a subset of the same tissue slices using Y10B immunolabeling (Y10B-ir). It was expected that AIDA and LY 341495 would increase [Ca2+]i and these increases would occur in parallel with an elimination in stimulation-induced differences in Y10B-ir between stimulated and unstimulated neurons of a slice. AIDA caused large increases in [Ca2+]i and eliminated differences in Y10B-ir between sides. Surprisingly, LY 341495 failed to cause reliable increases in [Ca2+]i compared to stimulated controls, but still eliminated differences in Y10B-ir between sides. These results suggest dissociation in how calcium and ribosomes are regulated in NM neurons.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
FSU_migr_uhm-0509
Format
Thesis
Role of Orosensory and Post-Ingestive Feedback in Salivary Protein Production
Title
The Role of Orosensory and Post-Ingestive Feedback in Salivary Protein Production.
Creator
Villalobos, Maria, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Variation in bitter taste perception plays a crucial role in dietary choice and much research has been done to better understand the factors that cause variation in bitter taste perception. One factor that may cause variation in bitter taste perception is saliva. Salivary protein expression can be altered by diet [11]. For example, while we know that tannin diets cause the upregulation of proline-rich proteins (PRPs) [11], it is still unclear if it is oral exposure, gastric exposure or tannin...
Show moreVariation in bitter taste perception plays a crucial role in dietary choice and much research has been done to better understand the factors that cause variation in bitter taste perception. One factor that may cause variation in bitter taste perception is saliva. Salivary protein expression can be altered by diet [11]. For example, while we know that tannin diets cause the upregulation of proline-rich proteins (PRPs) [11], it is still unclear if it is oral exposure, gastric exposure or tannin exposure at both sites that is responsible for the upregulation of PRPs. In this study we were able to better understand how salivary proteins are induced by analyzing the saliva of rats treated with oral exposure alone (via oral infusion), gastric exposure alone (via gastric infusion), or exposure at both sites with a tannic acid solution. Our preliminary analyses demonstrate a subset of proteins that are upregulated by dietary exposure are upregulated by oral exposure alone (35kDa, 25kDa and 19kDa) demonstrating that for these proteins oral exposure is sufficient. Furthermore, as these proteins are not upregulated by gastric exposure, we believe oral exposure is necessary for upregulation to occur. In contrast, for a protein band at 18kDa, oral exposure did not effect protein expression while gastric exposure alone was sufficient and necessary in order for upregulation to occur.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
FSU_migr_uhm-0355
Format
Thesis